Support Groups in Greene County, PA

Dices & Dialogues© is a narradrama group therapy that utilizes Tabletop Roleplaying Games (example: Dungeons and Dragons) to navigate how to manage a variety of life stressors. This inclusive service aims to establish an emotional support network for adolescents, transitional age youth, and adults in order to decrease: depression & suicide risk factors, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Through peer-to-peer interactions, experiential exercises, and group processing, participants will gain emotional support, develop community, and implement practical strategies for navigating life’s challenges while fostering and instilling hope for their future aspirations. Please inquire for details regarding session times.
Photo of Alexa Baily, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LAPC
Hosted by Alexa Baily
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LAPC
Group meets in Waynesburg, PA 15370
Dices & Dialogues© is a narradrama group therapy that utilizes Tabletop Roleplaying Games (example: Dungeons and Dragons) to navigate how to manage a variety of life stressors. This inclusive service aims to establish an emotional support network for adolescents, transitional age youth, and adults in order to decrease: depression & suicide risk factors, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Through peer-to-peer interactions, experiential exercises, and group processing, participants will gain emotional support, develop community, and implement practical strategies for navigating life’s challenges while fostering and instilling hope for their future aspirations. Please inquire for details regarding session times.
(878) 777-4621 View (878) 777-4621
Shafer Counseling Services is a small outpatient therapy group. We focus heavily on trauma, mood disorders, personality disorders, ADHD, and Autism. We believe in the biopsychosocial approach to overall health and create each treatment plan with evidence based theories that match the client(s). We look forward to getting to meet and work with you!
Photo of Ashlee Shafer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC, CRC, CCTP-II
Hosted by Ashlee Shafer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC, CRC, CCTP-II
Group meets in Waynesburg, PA 15370
Shafer Counseling Services is a small outpatient therapy group. We focus heavily on trauma, mood disorders, personality disorders, ADHD, and Autism. We believe in the biopsychosocial approach to overall health and create each treatment plan with evidence based theories that match the client(s). We look forward to getting to meet and work with you!
(724) 750-6270 View (724) 750-6270
Dices & Dialogues© is a narradrama group therapy that utilizes Tabletop Roleplaying Games (example: Dungeons and Dragons) to navigate how to manage a variety of life stressors. This inclusive service aims to establish an emotional support network for adolescents, transitional age youth, and adults in order to decrease: depression & suicide risk factors, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Through peer-to-peer interactions, experiential exercises, and group processing, participants will gain emotional support, develop community, and implement practical strategies for navigating life’s challenges while fostering and instilling hope for their future aspirations. Please inquire for details regarding session times.
Photo of Nicholas Orlando - Orlando Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hosted by Orlando Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Group meets in Waynesburg, PA 15370
Dices & Dialogues© is a narradrama group therapy that utilizes Tabletop Roleplaying Games (example: Dungeons and Dragons) to navigate how to manage a variety of life stressors. This inclusive service aims to establish an emotional support network for adolescents, transitional age youth, and adults in order to decrease: depression & suicide risk factors, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Through peer-to-peer interactions, experiential exercises, and group processing, participants will gain emotional support, develop community, and implement practical strategies for navigating life’s challenges while fostering and instilling hope for their future aspirations. Please inquire for details regarding session times.
(724) 702-4625 View (724) 702-4625
Dices & Dialogues© is a narradrama group therapy that utilizes Tabletop Roleplaying Games (example: Dungeons and Dragons) to navigate how to manage a variety of life stressors. This inclusive service aims to establish an emotional support network for adolescents, transitional age youth, and adults in order to decrease: depression & suicide risk factors, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Through peer-to-peer interactions, experiential exercises, and group processing, participants will gain emotional support, develop community, and implement practical strategies for navigating life’s challenges while fostering and instilling hope for their future aspirations. Please inquire for details regarding session times.
Photo of Nika Orlando, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, C-DBT, C-PD , TGM
Hosted by Nika Orlando
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, C-DBT, C-PD , TGM
Group meets in Waynesburg, PA 15370
Dices & Dialogues© is a narradrama group therapy that utilizes Tabletop Roleplaying Games (example: Dungeons and Dragons) to navigate how to manage a variety of life stressors. This inclusive service aims to establish an emotional support network for adolescents, transitional age youth, and adults in order to decrease: depression & suicide risk factors, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Through peer-to-peer interactions, experiential exercises, and group processing, participants will gain emotional support, develop community, and implement practical strategies for navigating life’s challenges while fostering and instilling hope for their future aspirations. Please inquire for details regarding session times.
(724) 262-3374 View (724) 262-3374
Dices & Dialogues© is a narradrama group therapy that utilizes Tabletop Roleplaying Games (example: Dungeons and Dragons) to navigate how to manage a variety of life stressors. This inclusive service aims to establish an emotional support network for adolescents, transitional age youth, and adults in order to decrease: depression & suicide risk factors, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Through peer-to-peer interactions, experiential exercises, and group processing, participants will gain emotional support, develop community, and implement practical strategies for navigating life’s challenges while fostering and instilling hope for their future aspirations. Please inquire for details regarding session times.
Photo of Dominic Lazzini, Counselor, MS, LAPC, NCC
Hosted by Dominic Lazzini
Counselor, MS, LAPC, NCC
Group meets in Waynesburg, PA 15370
Dices & Dialogues© is a narradrama group therapy that utilizes Tabletop Roleplaying Games (example: Dungeons and Dragons) to navigate how to manage a variety of life stressors. This inclusive service aims to establish an emotional support network for adolescents, transitional age youth, and adults in order to decrease: depression & suicide risk factors, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Through peer-to-peer interactions, experiential exercises, and group processing, participants will gain emotional support, develop community, and implement practical strategies for navigating life’s challenges while fostering and instilling hope for their future aspirations. Please inquire for details regarding session times.
(878) 888-6123 View (878) 888-6123
This is a 12 week confidential group developed for those struggling with explosive and persistent anger, or impulse control issues in intimate relationships. Our anger management groups meet the requirements of any referring court system, or agency. In addition, those who are struggling with marital issues or workplace relationships will find this resource a life saver. CCA is the leader in providing high quality, face to face online group counseling. Difficulty getting your anger under control? Join this group today and get your life back on track!
Photo of Richard Hoffman - Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hosted by Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Licensed Professional Counselor
Group meets in Waynesburg, PA 15370
This is a 12 week confidential group developed for those struggling with explosive and persistent anger, or impulse control issues in intimate relationships. Our anger management groups meet the requirements of any referring court system, or agency. In addition, those who are struggling with marital issues or workplace relationships will find this resource a life saver. CCA is the leader in providing high quality, face to face online group counseling. Difficulty getting your anger under control? Join this group today and get your life back on track!
(724) 972-4849 View (724) 972-4849
Photo of Frank Harbaugh, Associate Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LAPC
Hosted by Frank Harbaugh
Associate Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LAPC
Group meets in Waynesburg, PA 15370
(878) 778-8972 View (878) 778-8972

Online Groups

CCA provides individual and group counseling for those struggling with addiction to substances. Medication assisted therapy is always an option as part of the treatment process. Addiction treatment is conveniently provided online, or onsite (currently available in our Greensburg office). This service meets the requirements for medical providers, as well as any referring court ordered system or agency. CCA is the leader in providing high quality online and onsite outpatient recovery options for those struggling with addiction. Want to find freedom from the cycle of addiction? Call CCA today and get started on the pathway to recovery!
Photo of Richard C Hoffman - Christian Counseling Associates of Central PA, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Hosted by Christian Counseling Associates of Central PA
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Group meets in Greensburg, PA 15601
CCA provides individual and group counseling for those struggling with addiction to substances. Medication assisted therapy is always an option as part of the treatment process. Addiction treatment is conveniently provided online, or onsite (currently available in our Greensburg office). This service meets the requirements for medical providers, as well as any referring court ordered system or agency. CCA is the leader in providing high quality online and onsite outpatient recovery options for those struggling with addiction. Want to find freedom from the cycle of addiction? Call CCA today and get started on the pathway to recovery!
(814) 257-4025 View (814) 257-4025
A process-oriented group for professionals who desire to learn more about group therapy is now forming. Participants will learn about the power of group, helping increase effectiveness in both leading groups and being a member of groups, be they at your place of work or in your personal life. Additionally, you will learn more about yourself and the unique impact you have on others and they have on you. You will increase your ability to connect with others emotionally as you give and receive feedback.
Photo of Rita G Drapkin, Psychologist, PhD, CGP
Hosted by Rita G Drapkin
Psychologist, PhD, CGP
Group meets in Pittsburgh, PA 15206
A process-oriented group for professionals who desire to learn more about group therapy is now forming. Participants will learn about the power of group, helping increase effectiveness in both leading groups and being a member of groups, be they at your place of work or in your personal life. Additionally, you will learn more about yourself and the unique impact you have on others and they have on you. You will increase your ability to connect with others emotionally as you give and receive feedback.
(724) 359-2749 View (724) 359-2749
This group occurs once a month on the second Monday of each month. It is open to anyone who is suffering from grief, loss, and bereavement, and it is free of charge. This group meets from 7pm-8:30pm taking place via zoom. Please contact me by phone or e-mail me to inquire about the group.
Photo of Ryan J. King, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Hosted by Ryan J. King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Group meets in Pittsburgh, PA 15224
This group occurs once a month on the second Monday of each month. It is open to anyone who is suffering from grief, loss, and bereavement, and it is free of charge. This group meets from 7pm-8:30pm taking place via zoom. Please contact me by phone or e-mail me to inquire about the group.
(878) 645-3546 View (878) 645-3546
This is a 12 week confidential group developed for those struggling with explosive and persistent anger, or impulse control issues in intimate relationships. Our anger management groups meet the requirements of any referring court system, or agency. In addition, those who are struggling with marital issues or workplace relationships will find this resource a life saver. CCA is the leader in providing high quality, face to face online group counseling. Difficulty getting your anger under control? Join this group today and get your life back on track!
Photo of Richard Hoffman - Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, Counselor, PhD
Hosted by Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Counselor, PhD
Group meets in Johnstown, PA 15904
This is a 12 week confidential group developed for those struggling with explosive and persistent anger, or impulse control issues in intimate relationships. Our anger management groups meet the requirements of any referring court system, or agency. In addition, those who are struggling with marital issues or workplace relationships will find this resource a life saver. CCA is the leader in providing high quality, face to face online group counseling. Difficulty getting your anger under control? Join this group today and get your life back on track!
(724) 320-1918 View (724) 320-1918
Feeling disconnected or lonely in today’s busy world? Can We Connect? is a supportive therapy group focused on communication, boundaries, self-care, and building healthier relationships. Together, we’ll explore patterns that lead to disconnection and practice tools that improve emotional expression, closeness, and confidence in relationships. If you’re ready for more meaningful connection—with others and with yourself—this group is a safe place to begin. Want to connect? Take the step.
Photo of Alecia V. Denillo, Counselor, LPC
Hosted by Alecia V. Denillo
Counselor, LPC
Group meets in Pittsburgh, PA 15238
Feeling disconnected or lonely in today’s busy world? Can We Connect? is a supportive therapy group focused on communication, boundaries, self-care, and building healthier relationships. Together, we’ll explore patterns that lead to disconnection and practice tools that improve emotional expression, closeness, and confidence in relationships. If you’re ready for more meaningful connection—with others and with yourself—this group is a safe place to begin. Want to connect? Take the step.
(412) 517-7965 View (412) 517-7965
Clarity Therapy provides trauma-informed mental health counseling in the Pittsburgh area and throughout Pennsylvania. We specialize in supporting individuals navigating anxiety, trauma, grief, depression, and life transitions. We create a compassionate, nonjudgmental space where clients feel safe to process their experiences and build practical tools for lasting change. Whether you’re seeking support for a specific challenge or feeling stuck and unsure where to begin, we tailor therapy to your needs. In-person and virtual sessions are available to make care accessible and convenient. Reach out to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward clarity.
Photo of Damien Gabis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Hosted by Damien Gabis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Group meets in Freedom, PA 15042
Clarity Therapy provides trauma-informed mental health counseling in the Pittsburgh area and throughout Pennsylvania. We specialize in supporting individuals navigating anxiety, trauma, grief, depression, and life transitions. We create a compassionate, nonjudgmental space where clients feel safe to process their experiences and build practical tools for lasting change. Whether you’re seeking support for a specific challenge or feeling stuck and unsure where to begin, we tailor therapy to your needs. In-person and virtual sessions are available to make care accessible and convenient. Reach out to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward clarity.
(412) 435-1359 View (412) 435-1359
CCA provides individual and group counseling for those struggling with addiction to substances. Medication assisted therapy is always an option as part of the treatment process. Addiction treatment is conveniently provided online, or onsite (currently available in our Greensburg office). This service meets the requirements for medical providers, as well as any referring court ordered system or agency. CCA is the leader in providing high quality online and onsite outpatient recovery options for those struggling with addiction. Want to find freedom from the cycle of addiction? Call CCA today and get started on the pathway to recovery!
Photo of Richard C Hoffman - Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Hosted by Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Group meets in Greensburg, PA 15601
CCA provides individual and group counseling for those struggling with addiction to substances. Medication assisted therapy is always an option as part of the treatment process. Addiction treatment is conveniently provided online, or onsite (currently available in our Greensburg office). This service meets the requirements for medical providers, as well as any referring court ordered system or agency. CCA is the leader in providing high quality online and onsite outpatient recovery options for those struggling with addiction. Want to find freedom from the cycle of addiction? Call CCA today and get started on the pathway to recovery!
(814) 328-7128 View (814) 328-7128
Gestalt in the Woods: An Experiential Introduction to Gestalt Therapy. In this one-day intensive workshop, you will explore core Gestalt concepts through theory discussions, live demonstrations, and hands-on practice of Gestalt therapy-based skills. Fee: $135 (includes light breakfast, beverages, and full lunch) – student pricing available. APPROVED FOR 5.0 CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDIT Two Dates Open: Saturday June 8, 2024 or Friday, September 13, 2024
Photo of Connie M Kramer, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, Gestalt
Hosted by Connie M Kramer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, Gestalt
Group meets in Pittsburgh, PA 15201
Gestalt in the Woods: An Experiential Introduction to Gestalt Therapy. In this one-day intensive workshop, you will explore core Gestalt concepts through theory discussions, live demonstrations, and hands-on practice of Gestalt therapy-based skills. Fee: $135 (includes light breakfast, beverages, and full lunch) – student pricing available. APPROVED FOR 5.0 CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDIT Two Dates Open: Saturday June 8, 2024 or Friday, September 13, 2024
(412) 906-4748 View (412) 906-4748
DBT skills group for women
Photo of Mitzi Falcona - Mitzi Falcona, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Hosted by Mitzi Falcona, MA, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Group meets in Wexford, PA 15090
DBT skills group for women
(412) 726-4724 View (412) 726-4724
Join our virtual psychotherapy group to help manage your actions and beliefs around money and finances. We address financial challenges as well as psychological, emotional, behavioral, and relationship hurdles to help you identify and overcome them. This is hosted by licensed counselor and certified financial coach Steven Mollura, LPC.
Photo of Stephanie Wijkstram - Counseling and Wellness Center of Pittsburgh, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , PhD, LMFT, LCSW
Hosted by Counseling and Wellness Center of Pittsburgh
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , PhD, LMFT, LCSW
Group meets in Monroeville, PA 15146
Join our virtual psychotherapy group to help manage your actions and beliefs around money and finances. We address financial challenges as well as psychological, emotional, behavioral, and relationship hurdles to help you identify and overcome them. This is hosted by licensed counselor and certified financial coach Steven Mollura, LPC.
(878) 213-4810 View (878) 213-4810
Supportive, collaborative space for EMDR therapists working toward Basic Training completion or EMDRIA Certification. This group focuses on strengthening clinical confidence, enhancing fidelity to the 8-Phase protocol, and deepening case conceptualization through the AIP lens. Participants are encouraged to bring cases, ask questions, and explore stuck points with guidance and feedback in a safe, growth-oriented environment. We honor pacing, complexity, and nervous-system awareness—whether you’re new to EMDR or refining advanced skills. Together we build readiness, flexibility, and trust in the process so you can move forward with clarity, capability, and confidence.
Photo of Kyla Feliz-Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Hosted by Kyla Feliz-Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Group meets in Sewickley, PA 15143
Supportive, collaborative space for EMDR therapists working toward Basic Training completion or EMDRIA Certification. This group focuses on strengthening clinical confidence, enhancing fidelity to the 8-Phase protocol, and deepening case conceptualization through the AIP lens. Participants are encouraged to bring cases, ask questions, and explore stuck points with guidance and feedback in a safe, growth-oriented environment. We honor pacing, complexity, and nervous-system awareness—whether you’re new to EMDR or refining advanced skills. Together we build readiness, flexibility, and trust in the process so you can move forward with clarity, capability, and confidence.
View
Four week workshop to Reset for 2026
Photo of Jodie Hnatkovich - Forward Wellness Counseling and Consulting LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CRC, MS
Hosted by Forward Wellness Counseling and Consulting LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CRC, MS
Group meets in Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Four week workshop to Reset for 2026
(412) 998-8228 View (412) 998-8228
Come as you are Third Tuesday of every month Come as You Are is a group space to explore ways to heal and strengthen your emotional ability using the support of other group members and techniques to examine how past behavior may be holding you back from the person you wish to be.
Photo of Lauren Heaton, Licensed Professional Counselor, CA, ICAADC, CMHIMP, LPC, CCTP
Hosted by Lauren Heaton
Licensed Professional Counselor, CA, ICAADC, CMHIMP, LPC, CCTP
Group meets in Pittsburgh, PA 15237
Come as you are Third Tuesday of every month Come as You Are is a group space to explore ways to heal and strengthen your emotional ability using the support of other group members and techniques to examine how past behavior may be holding you back from the person you wish to be.
(724) 618-3808 View (724) 618-3808

See more therapy options for Greene County

FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups

How can I find a support group in Greene County?

To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.

Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.

How does group therapy work?

Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.

It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.

What are the benefits of group therapy?

Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.

Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.

Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?

It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.

Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.

How much does group therapy cost?

Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.

Does insurance cover group therapy?

As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.

However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.

How long does group therapy last?

The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.

The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.

What are the limitations of support groups?

Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.

The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.