Support Groups in Livermore, CA
This group offers a safe and nurturing space for high school students to explore their sense of self and gain deeper insight into how they connect with others. Through shared experiences and meaningful discussions, members will learn to build authentic connections, understand interpersonal dynamics, and enhance their emotional intelligence as they navigate the complexities of relationships, identity, and emotional awareness. The group aims to promote personal growth and psychosocial development in a collaborative and empathetic environment. Participants will leave with a greater understanding of themselves, improved relationship skills, and the confidence to handle life’s challenges.

Hosted by Zack Zucker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Group meets in Livermore, CA 94550
In today's complex world, navigating challenges like anxiety, depression, relationships, or life transitions can feel overwhelming. It's easy to feel like the odds are against you or doubt your worth. As a dedicated Marriage and Family Therapist, I offer more than just therapy—I provide practical wisdom, empathy, and real-world experience to shift your perspective. I understand firsthand the pressures of daily life and want you to know that support is available. You're not alone in this journey.
MBCPM is a 13 week group that helps those who suffer from chronic pain to manage their symptoms in a non-medication way. I offer the groups through a zoom platform.

Hosted by Lisa Gray
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Livermore, CA 94550
Is conflict tearing your relationship apart? Every relationship has conflict, but no one really teaches us how to have healthy conflict or steps to follow to practice it. I can teach you this! Conflict is a skill, and you can get better at it. Not only that, but if you practice healthy conflict, you'll increase your intimacy and have a closer relationship. I know it sounds counterintuitive but I've seen it happen over and over. You don't have to be stuck in this pattern; I promise.
This group is designed to address the mid-life concerns of women as they pertain to life changes and transitions.This is an interactive support and empowerment group. The following topics will be explored including but not limited to "Re-discovering Ourselves;" "The Community of Women: Models for self-reflection from other Cultures;" "Honoring and Expressing Our Creativity: Traditional and Non-traditional Methods;" "Remembering and Living Our Dreams;" etc. Each member will hopefully gain a deeper appreciation of life as a mature female in today's society. Call or email me for further details.

Hosted by Joy Metoyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Group meets in Livermore, CA 94550
Are you having difficulties personally or in your relationships causing you sadness, irritation, depression, anxiety or general discomfort and don't know what to do? Would you like to change those compromising circumstances or learn to manage them more effectively? Choosing to enter therapy can be your avenue to resolving your problems and creating the life you desire. I would like to help you achieve your goals. I am dedicated to my profession and passionate about the work. Let's set up a consultation. We can meet in person and talk about your personal wants and desires.
For women who have found themselves in a world they never would have imagined. This group is for women who are in the early to middle stages of betrayal trauma due to partner PSB/Sex/Porn Addiction who are looking for a community where they can safely share their experiences. We will work our way through the grief process and discover ourselves in a new way. 4-6 members, meeting once a week in person. The fee is $425 per month with a commitment of 6 months to help provide support for one another on an ongoing basis.

Hosted by Jenny M Doying, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Livermore, CA 94550
Are you finding it difficult to make the changes you want on your own? Do you need insight and new tools to make your life more fulfilling? I am here to help you make those hopes for a better life a reality! Creating a safe place to explore new ideas and helping you develop new skills is what I do best. I use a collaborative approach, taking the time to understand your needs, working towards you living an authentic life. In a non-judgmental environment, with empathy and a sense of humor, I work with Couples, Adults and Teens promoting wellness and positive life change.
This group will meet at 10 AM on Tuesdays during the summer weeks. This group is very limited in size and the therapist will focus on connecting behavior to internal states/feelings to increase awareness, emotional literacy, and communication skills. This group will start June 11 and end July 30.

Hosted by Emily Ruha Keller
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC, RPT-S, NCC, RYT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Livermore, CA 94551
Meet Dr. Keller, Clinical Director, and her associates.
Do you or your child feel isolated, alone, or trapped in cycles of making negative meaning out of life? Perhaps there's a change you want to make but you keep bumping against the same old patterns. My associates and I help people of all ages heal, grieve, and grow. Through the powers of play therapy, we help children develop a healthy sense of self and experience their power cooperatively (rather than competitively). We help parents heal old wounds and tend to unmet childhood needs so they can be present and available to help their children grow and develop.
The Del Valle Clinic has been established in Livermore, California since 1984. We are a psychological clinic providing psychotherapy for adults, children, adolescents, and their families. We also provide psycho-educational and social-emotional testing for children and adolescents. It is our mission to serve the mental health needs of the surrounding Tri-Valley communities. Our committed therapists strive to promote the well being of their patients. This often involves helping clients develop coping tools that enable them to face difficult life transitions, and/or supporting individuals and their families who are struggling with a mental illness.

Mental illness and addiction can destroy lives. Recovery and treatment can restore your soul. One of the biggest obstacles in the way of helping yourself regain control of your mind and life is the first step of reaching out for help.
More Groups Nearby
Being pregnant again after a miscarriage, perinatal loss or termination for medical reasons can present a host of unique and painful challenges. Many find that they are holding two realities at once – the hope and dreams that come with a new pregnancy, and the grief and anxiety that occur following a loss. It is important to know you are not alone; there are others on this path with you and many who have walked this path before. Join us for a four-week expressive arts support group in which we will explore the joys and difficulties of being pregnant again.

Hosted by Laura Rose
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94609
I work with individuals and couples who are seeking to transform their inner and relational conflicts into opportunities for growth and life change. I have seen deep transformation take place in clients when they begin to learn compassion for themselves and begin to address the source of their symptoms so that true and lasting change can occur. Clients I work with most are those suffering from relationship issues, mood disorders, complex trauma, PTSD, and midlife transitions. I also offer support to family members of individuals with mood disorders, PTSD and ADD/ADHD. I offer clinical supervision to associates.
This group is to learn skills to change behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that cause problems in living. The group includes a mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness modules. We will learn how to learn how to 1.) be more in touch with self and others 2.) decrease interpersonal conflict and stress 3.) be more flexible with change, 4.) change difficult emotions, and 5.) stop acting on impulsive behaviors. The group meets on Thursday nights online from 7-8:30pm. Group members are required to commit to finishing at least one complete module (8-11 weeks).

Hosted by Katina Laib
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Fremont, CA 94538
Do you struggle with overwhelming emotions? Maybe you are frozen by anxiety or overrun by worries you can't control. Or you feel so numb, empty and hopeless that you can't concentrate or work. These emotions cause you to snap at others or retreat so that your relationships are not what you want them to be. In our sessions, you will learn what keeps you stuck and identify new ways thinking and behaving so you can move forward. You will also learn what to do when you are feeling intense emotions and be able to stop avoiding life.
An ongoing white anti-racist study group for mental health clinicians looking to unpack what it means to be white in American culture and how being white effects how we live, love and work.

Hosted by Rae Walker Mountz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Group meets in Berkeley, CA 94704
My highest aim as your therapist is to co-create a lasting and genuine healing relationship, one where you feel supported to express yourself authentically and make the changes necessary in your life to live, love and work wholeheartedly. Together we will explore the issues, concerns and challenges that are coming up for you and how they are getting in the way of you living the life you want.
We will explore Courage, Being corageous in different realms of our life. We will use meditation, somatic, imagery, movement, inquiry, share, to discover, enhance, embody our courageSundat July 28th, 9:30am-4:30pm $250/person. Facilitators: Raquel Garcia, LMFT and Patricia Walsh, LMFT

Hosted by www.raquelgarciapsychotherapy.com
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Berkeley, CA 94704
I offer Individual, Couples and Family Psychotherapy, in English and Spanish. I honor the principles of compassion, openness, acceptance, non judgment, equality for all. I use inquiry and mindfulness of emotions, thoughts and body to welcome and receive what wants to be seen; consider the multigenerational, biological, psychosocial and internal aspects of the human being as a way to better understand ourselves. I use Mindfulness, Attachment Focused therapy, (EFT) Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Somatics, EMDR, transpersonal modalities. I offer EFT intensives for couples and families, and workshops for couples
Women of Color: Learn mindfulness skills to help you increase your calm, sense of peace and comfort within yourself, and to lessen your overwhelm. A six week online course with lessons delivered by email, then followed up with live online group meetings for support and practice. Create your own personal self care plan, develop a sense of self compassion and offer accountability to yourself and to others. Starts September 2019. See Signature Mindfulness Course on website.

Hosted by Cindi Rivera
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94602
I am a bilingual bicultural psychotherapist working with adults and couples who are having problems in their relationships and/or who feel badly about themselves or their life situation. The in-depth work I do focuses on one's feelings and significant relationships - past and present. With compassion and deep personal respect, I help my clients to deal with the painful issues, losses and complex struggles of living. I work well with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, parenting issues, inter-racial couples, life transitions, loss, and trauma; toward repairing the relationships that are inevitably affected by these problems.

Hosted by Brittaney Latta
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94603
Young adults (ages 18-26) are good candidates for IOP if they experience frequent, significant mental health difficulties that impact their family, peer relationships, school, and/or job. IOP offers more severe preventative treatment than a traditional outpatient setting offers and is also recommended as a "step down" level of care for young adults recently released from the hospital following suicide attempts. BACA's IOP treatment plan includes: individual therapy to address specific goals, medication management, and opportunities to share experiences in groups to gain support from other young adults dealing with similar difficulties.

Hosted by Bay Area Clinical Associates - BACA
Psychiatrist, MD, LMFT, LCSW, MPH, AMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94607
Bay Area Clinical Associates (BACA) is a physician-owned and operated organization committed to providing integrated, scientific, empathetic mental health treatment for kids, teens, young adults and their families. As a note, we serve only ages 26 years and under. BACA is comprised of a multidisciplinary team of child & adolescent psychiatrists, licensed marriage & family therapists, and licensed clinical social workers. We work to take the "mystery" out of psychiatric care and have a relaxed, fun, caring environment at our clinics. Our Berkeley outpatient clinic is currently impacted but we have openings for our IOPs.
This in-person group is designed for people who would like to heal from past traumas of any type in the supportive, nourishing company of others who are there for the same reason. The benefits are quality trauma therapy at a lower cost than individual trauma therapy, and the shared healing and connection that take place when people heal together somatically in a supportive group setting. The group will cost $75 per week. Participants will be required to pay a month in advance, regardless of attendance for the month. A six-week commitment will be asked at the start.

Hosted by Peter Carpentieri
Marriage & Family Therapist, SEP, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Berkeley, CA 94705
If you have experienced any level of trauma in your life, either developmentally as a child or through other life experiences, I can support you in slowly and gently releasing the effects of those traumas, and restoring your nervous system to its rightful, regulated state. Through the use of social engagement, guided awareness, movement, art, and other resources, we will explore ways to free you from the bondage of the past and worries about the future. In the safety of a supportive and loving environment, I will offer you guidance to help you live more fully in the present moment, with a deepened sense of joy and ease.
A DBT skills group uses a psycho-educational class format where the emphasis is on learning and practicing behavioral skills. These skills include mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance and interpersonal effectiveness. Skills are taught in a series of three modules, each lasting approximately 8-10 weeks. The first two weeks of each module cover and review mindfulness and this skill is also practiced in every group. The following six to eight weeks rotate through each of the remaining modules. All the modules will be covered in approximately 6-8 months

Hosted by Charese Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94610
I believe the purpose of therapy is to create a safe and validating environment where people can focus on creating a "life worth living". I help facilitate this journey by focusing on both acceptance and change in a warm, interactive and thoughtful fashion. If you are someone who is struggling to manage your emotions and behaviors because of anxiety, depression, or trauma we can work together to define the life you want and overcome the obstacles to it.
I developed a gift for dream interpretation early in life. In this group participants practice and gradually gain expertise in the interpretation of their own dreams. We discuss the nature of symbolic dream material, metaphors, archetypes, world mythologies and psychodynamic patterns and processes that reveal themselves in our dream life. I have been practicing dream interpretation for almost 40 year, teaching at the Sophia Center of Holy Names University in Oakland, CA for 15 years and now at the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute of UC Berkeley.

Hosted by Barry Steven Friedman
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94611
The essence of effective psychotherapy is found in the therapist's understanding, empathy and caring for you. Trust in our relationship develops from that foundation. My primary commitment to you is to help you grow in self-awareness and self-empowerment, and to help you take the necessary actions that will actualize your growth and development in the world. If you struggle with feelings of fear, shame, helplessness, worthlessness and anger; traumatic emotional, physical and sexual experience; challenges in relationship; dysfunctional behaviors; unfulfilled aspirations; questions about your life's meaning; and physical illness and aging, I can help you.
Within each of us exists tremendous healing power and wisdom. Dreams try to catch our attention in various ways and offer a variety of clues whether practical, spiritual or simply bringing our attention to our blind spots. Working with them is a creative way to engage with your life. Through this group we will learn to unearth and embody the riches of our internal landscape for a more soulful life. Please reach out for more about individual and group dream work.

Hosted by Laya Jamali
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MRes
Verified Verified
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94610
Life can feel like a labyrinth sometimes—overwhelming, disorienting, or just… off. Maybe you're carrying the weight of grief, struggling with anxiety or depression, feeling restless, disconnected, or stuck; wondering why the spark that once lit you up feels dim. Or perhaps it’s something subtler—a quiet, persistent whisper inside telling you there’s something more to life, even if you’re not sure what that is. Stepping onto the journey of self-exploration requires skills, commitment, focus and intention. You don't have to do it alone. I can witness, support, guide and accompany you along the path.
Foresight helps you find your path to mental wellness. We’re a community of mental health experts who offer a dynamic range of care that flexes with your particular needs and goals. Our team includes licensed therapists, psychiatric providers, researchers, a dedicated care team & more who bring you a thoughtful experience that blends traditional therapy with a technology-backed approach. Our providers build meaningful relationships with you, & our digital member experience helps enhance your care in between sessions. We help you go deeper inward, getting to know you well, & heal and grow on the path that feels right for you.

Hosted by Kaixin Zoey Zhang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Group meets in Berkeley, CA 94705
I have always been interested in psychology and solving puzzles. I later realized how similar it is to trauma work in terms of figuring out the impact of past events on one's current behaviors. Helping people to connect dots and make sense of the past and present has let me to the field of mental health care, especially trauma work.
*CURRENTLY 3 OPENINGS* Are you struggling to get to the bottom of your relationship struggles in individual therapy? Are you missing the intimacy you crave in friendships and romantic relationships? It's time to look deeper. IRL Men's Groups offer a space where, week after week, you get to lean into authentic connection to yourself in a group of men who are equally committed to growth. If you're up for the challenge, come join us in an edge-of-your-seat journey to greater fulfillment! This group meets online every week.

Have you ever asked yourself, “Why do I keep repeating the same patterns in my relationships, career, and life?” Taking the first step toward change can feel daunting, but you don’t have to do it alone. Over the past 18 years, I’ve helped hundreds of clients clear roadblocks to more authentic, fulfilling lives. My own two decades of self-work guide my approach—I understand the courage it takes to face what’s been silently steering your life. Together, we’ll uncover those hidden patterns and help you create the life you’ve always envisioned.
Join our 8-week Brainspotting Group to heal from trauma and reduce symptoms like anxiety, depression, relationship issues, avoidance, nightmares, and flashbacks. Using Brainspotting, a somatic therapy that targets where trauma is stored in the brain, you’ll process deep emotional pain that talk therapy often can’t reach. Each session blends psychoeducation, group discussions, and Brainspotting exercises to help alleviate trauma symptoms and activate the brain’s natural healing abilities. Connect with others on a similar journey, share experiences, and work through challenges in a safe, supportive environment. Experience the transformative power of trauma healing and recovery.

Hosted by Elizabeth Huck
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, DBT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94609
The toll of trauma, stress, anxiety, & depression builds over time, things that once seemed manageable turn into a life that's not our own, because we're stuck in survival mode. It's exhausting. As a therapist, my goal is to collaborate with you to safely navigate your inner landscape and put pieces together so you can uncover your unique abilities and create a mental health toolkit that will carry you through a lifetime. I am here to support you in working through unresolved feelings and conflicts and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
See more therapy options for Livermore
FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups
How can I find a support group in Livermore?
To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.
Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.
Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.
How does group therapy work?
Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.
It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.
It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.
What are the benefits of group therapy?
Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.
Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.
Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.
Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?
It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.
Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.
Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.
How much does group therapy cost?
Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.
Does insurance cover group therapy?
As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.
However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.
However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.
How long does group therapy last?
The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.
The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.
The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.
What are the limitations of support groups?
Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.
The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.
The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.