Support Groups in Chula Vista, CA
A group for high school teens. Young adults are burdened to navigate the world and prepare for adulthood with minimal guidance or support. Wouldn’t it be great to have a place to discuss the mundane and dive into the curiosity of what to do in this journey we call LIFE? Options can overwhelm, pressure can flood, and expectations can paralyze our best intentions and that’s why we all need life hacks. We invite you to join the group, learn with peers, and ask the pesky questions that are not held anywhere else. Let’s dare ourselves to get prepared for the ongoing journey!

Hosted by Karina Valdez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCTP
Group meets in Chula Vista, CA 91910
A group for high school teens. Young adults are burdened to navigate the world and prepare for adulthood with minimal guidance or support. Wouldn’t it be great to have a place to discuss the mundane and dive into the curiosity of what to do in this journey we call LIFE? Options can overwhelm, pressure can flood, and expectations can paralyze our best intentions and that’s why we all need life hacks. We invite you to join the group, learn with peers, and ask the pesky questions that are not held anywhere else. Let’s dare ourselves to get prepared for the ongoing journey!
This is a group for adult men working on identity, decision making, partner/peer relationships, fatherhood, work stress, and the parts of life they rarely get to talk about openly. As men, it can be challenging to open up, so this group offers a supportive space with meaningful feedback to help you stabilize and step forward in life. Who: 35-50-year-old men When: Alternating Tuesdays 12:00 – 1:30 pm Where: In-person at our Chula Vista office Cost: $200 (as this is a 90min group) Facilitator: Jeff Williams, LCSW

This is a group for adult men working on identity, decision making, partner/peer relationships, fatherhood, work stress, and the parts of life they rarely get to talk about openly. As men, it can be challenging to open up, so this group offers a supportive space with meaningful feedback to help you stabilize and step forward in life. Who: 35-50-year-old men When: Alternating Tuesdays 12:00 – 1:30 pm Where: In-person at our Chula Vista office Cost: $200 (as this is a 90min group) Facilitator: Jeff Williams, LCSW
Specializing in trauma, anxiety, and depression, Thrive in Life Therapy has a dedicated team of therapists that are here to guide you on your journey to wellness. We believe in the transformative power of therapy that fosters a supportive community where you can share, heal, and grow. Your journey is unique, and we are here to provide the tools and support needed for lasting positive change.

Hosted by Alexandra E Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Group meets in Chula Vista, CA 91915
Specializing in trauma, anxiety, and depression, Thrive in Life Therapy has a dedicated team of therapists that are here to guide you on your journey to wellness. We believe in the transformative power of therapy that fosters a supportive community where you can share, heal, and grow. Your journey is unique, and we are here to provide the tools and support needed for lasting positive change.
At Family Therapy with Silvia, Inc. we specialize in working with individuals, children, couples and families that are facing challenges due to mental health, transitions, growing pains or life in general.

At Family Therapy with Silvia, Inc. we specialize in working with individuals, children, couples and families that are facing challenges due to mental health, transitions, growing pains or life in general.
This is a processing group for younger men navigating the move into adulthood, including school pressure, career direction, relationships, family dynamics, and emotional self-awareness. In this group, you’ll learn more about yourself and get support from peers who can relate. Who: 18-25 year old men When: Alternating Fridays 11:00 – 11:45 am Where: In-person at our Chula Vista office Cost: $100 Facilitator: Jeff Williams, LCSW

This is a processing group for younger men navigating the move into adulthood, including school pressure, career direction, relationships, family dynamics, and emotional self-awareness. In this group, you’ll learn more about yourself and get support from peers who can relate. Who: 18-25 year old men When: Alternating Fridays 11:00 – 11:45 am Where: In-person at our Chula Vista office Cost: $100 Facilitator: Jeff Williams, LCSW
Weekly intensive group therapy focused on living with sexual integrity. Each session is 50 minutes and is conducted via Zoom. Topics discussed include infidelity, porn/lust, risky sexual behaviors, and other unwanted behaviors. This is a safe space for men to take off their “mask,” practice honesty/vulnerability, develop an accountability network, and learn from others on the same journey. During the sessions, we share our struggles and successes. We develop solutions for difficult situations. We delve deeper into the underlying issues that hinder growth. We study books and selected readings to gain greater understanding.

Hosted by Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Group meets in Chula Vista, CA 91910
Weekly intensive group therapy focused on living with sexual integrity. Each session is 50 minutes and is conducted via Zoom. Topics discussed include infidelity, porn/lust, risky sexual behaviors, and other unwanted behaviors. This is a safe space for men to take off their “mask,” practice honesty/vulnerability, develop an accountability network, and learn from others on the same journey. During the sessions, we share our struggles and successes. We develop solutions for difficult situations. We delve deeper into the underlying issues that hinder growth. We study books and selected readings to gain greater understanding.
The Multifamily Group (MFG) model involves working with several families together in a group setting rather than in a single family-to-therapist setting using a highly structured, problem solving format. The unique benefits of MFG to the participants include gaining insight from listening to and interacting with other families with similar challenges, and deriving support and motivation from participating in a network of family members who are similarly affected by mental illness. The MFG approach promotes several families working together to develop new options for overcoming a given youth's specific barriers to recovery.

The Multifamily Group (MFG) model involves working with several families together in a group setting rather than in a single family-to-therapist setting using a highly structured, problem solving format. The unique benefits of MFG to the participants include gaining insight from listening to and interacting with other families with similar challenges, and deriving support and motivation from participating in a network of family members who are similarly affected by mental illness. The MFG approach promotes several families working together to develop new options for overcoming a given youth's specific barriers to recovery.
This group runs every 2 weeks for 1.5 hrs. We keep the group small, 3-5 participants, 60+, so connection is easier, sharing isn't rushed, and depth is there for the taking. Discussion tends to center around life transitions, relationship/marital changes, retirement life, vices, isolation/friendships, successes, and getting the most out life ahead. You can find camaraderie, accountability, humor and support in this space!

This group runs every 2 weeks for 1.5 hrs. We keep the group small, 3-5 participants, 60+, so connection is easier, sharing isn't rushed, and depth is there for the taking. Discussion tends to center around life transitions, relationship/marital changes, retirement life, vices, isolation/friendships, successes, and getting the most out life ahead. You can find camaraderie, accountability, humor and support in this space!
Family Psychoeducation is an essential part of the PIER Model. It is an evidence-based model of practice in which clients, clinicians/facilitators and family members work together in a structured format on life issues that affect symptoms. This model allows families to work along with mental health care professionals while connecting with other families. Evidence indicates that family engagement in the treatment of mental illness helps lead to success by contributing to the prevention of relapse and re-hospitalizations. This approach has been shown repeatedly to achieve major advances in social and role functioning, allowing over 80% of young to continue with their routine.

Family Psychoeducation is an essential part of the PIER Model. It is an evidence-based model of practice in which clients, clinicians/facilitators and family members work together in a structured format on life issues that affect symptoms. This model allows families to work along with mental health care professionals while connecting with other families. Evidence indicates that family engagement in the treatment of mental illness helps lead to success by contributing to the prevention of relapse and re-hospitalizations. This approach has been shown repeatedly to achieve major advances in social and role functioning, allowing over 80% of young to continue with their routine.
More Groups Nearby
I invite you to join this 12 week group coaching program that will guide you through 12 live, virtual group coaching sessions, with corresponding worksheets and printables. There will be a private supportive community with daily prompts for further exploration, clarity, practice, implementation, and mastery of what you are learning, weekly office hours, live Q&A, and guidance to get your life where you dream of. Message me for more information.

Hosted by Cheryll Putt - EMDR, Trauma, and Divorce Healing
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Group meets in San Diego, CA 92127
I invite you to join this 12 week group coaching program that will guide you through 12 live, virtual group coaching sessions, with corresponding worksheets and printables. There will be a private supportive community with daily prompts for further exploration, clarity, practice, implementation, and mastery of what you are learning, weekly office hours, live Q&A, and guidance to get your life where you dream of. Message me for more information.
For many, co-parenting can be civil, comfortable, natural - and maybe even pleasant. For others, this is simply not the case. There is a misconception that co-parenting will get easier as kids get older. On the contrary- bigger (older) kids come with bigger decisions (schools, extra-curricular activities, driver's license, college, etc.) that require consistency and a mutual agreement between parents. I can help navigate the challenging and lifelong relationship with your ex-partner, with whom you are raising a child/children together in two separate homes.

For many, co-parenting can be civil, comfortable, natural - and maybe even pleasant. For others, this is simply not the case. There is a misconception that co-parenting will get easier as kids get older. On the contrary- bigger (older) kids come with bigger decisions (schools, extra-curricular activities, driver's license, college, etc.) that require consistency and a mutual agreement between parents. I can help navigate the challenging and lifelong relationship with your ex-partner, with whom you are raising a child/children together in two separate homes.
TELEHEALTH to NY CT NJ CA FL OH UT TX Protect your life from self destruction. I see society's most high functioning men, elite expert 31 years 46,000 hrs sexual misbehavior specialist psychotherapy. Evidence based research oriented methods on Infidelity, Prostitution, Seeking Arrangements Sugar Daddy, Strip Clubs, Massage Parlors, OnlyFans, Certified Specialist. I bring highly effective clinical skills with the most up to date understandings to change distorted thinking and end these misbehaviors, heal your relationships. Proudly never used "Carnes" model. Call now, I would love to help. $400 Individual Sessions , $200 Group sessions www.sexuallycompulsive.com

Hosted by Sexual Addiction Sex Misbehavior Infidelity Expert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SOTS
Group meets in San Diego, CA 92108
TELEHEALTH to NY CT NJ CA FL OH UT TX Protect your life from self destruction. I see society's most high functioning men, elite expert 31 years 46,000 hrs sexual misbehavior specialist psychotherapy. Evidence based research oriented methods on Infidelity, Prostitution, Seeking Arrangements Sugar Daddy, Strip Clubs, Massage Parlors, OnlyFans, Certified Specialist. I bring highly effective clinical skills with the most up to date understandings to change distorted thinking and end these misbehaviors, heal your relationships. Proudly never used "Carnes" model. Call now, I would love to help. $400 Individual Sessions , $200 Group sessions www.sexuallycompulsive.com
Personal Evolution Psychotherapy (PEP) provides DBT skills training groups that provide skills to decrease anxiety, depression, and feeling out of control. DBT also helps to increase communication skills and decrease relationship issues. Call or email PEP today for more information - 619.787.6676 - www.PersonalEvolutionPsychotherapy.com. If you're having a hard time communicating effectively with other people, controlling high intensity emotions, or just existing comfortably, DBT can help. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) helps to decrease depression, anxiety, addictions, mood disorders, emotional eating, impulse control disorders, personality disorders, self harm & suicidal behaviors. Call or email PEP today for more information!

Hosted by Soojin Poole -PEP DBT personal Evolution
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Group meets in San Diego, CA 92108
Personal Evolution Psychotherapy (PEP) provides DBT skills training groups that provide skills to decrease anxiety, depression, and feeling out of control. DBT also helps to increase communication skills and decrease relationship issues. Call or email PEP today for more information - 619.787.6676 - www.PersonalEvolutionPsychotherapy.com. If you're having a hard time communicating effectively with other people, controlling high intensity emotions, or just existing comfortably, DBT can help. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) helps to decrease depression, anxiety, addictions, mood disorders, emotional eating, impulse control disorders, personality disorders, self harm & suicidal behaviors. Call or email PEP today for more information!
Welcome to The Psych NP! We are excited to announce that we are currently accepting new patients. You can reach us at (619) 759-6105, email us at hello@gopsychnp.com, or easily self-schedule an appointment using this link: https://thepsychnp.intakeq.com/booking.

Hosted by Molly McLaren
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APNP, PMHNP
Group meets in San Diego, CA 92105
Welcome to The Psych NP! We are excited to announce that we are currently accepting new patients. You can reach us at (619) 759-6105, email us at hello@gopsychnp.com, or easily self-schedule an appointment using this link: https://thepsychnp.intakeq.com/booking.
These groups are designed for those suffering from chronic pain and invislible illnesses and focuses on bringing a space together for those to share, witness, and experience the ocean through surfing, boogie boarding, swimming, and splashing. Our founder, Tracey Chester, adapted the existing models to meet the specific needs of those suffering from chronic pain. Whether you dip your toes in the water, or stand up on a surf board, our professional therapists and ocean safety volunteers. Surf Trauma Certified clinicians will be on site to help support you with any physical limitations you may pose.

These groups are designed for those suffering from chronic pain and invislible illnesses and focuses on bringing a space together for those to share, witness, and experience the ocean through surfing, boogie boarding, swimming, and splashing. Our founder, Tracey Chester, adapted the existing models to meet the specific needs of those suffering from chronic pain. Whether you dip your toes in the water, or stand up on a surf board, our professional therapists and ocean safety volunteers. Surf Trauma Certified clinicians will be on site to help support you with any physical limitations you may pose.
The love and logic way will teach parents: Strategies for avoiding arguing, back talk, and begging. Teach responsibility without losing their love. Setting limits without waging war. Avoiding power struggles. Guiding kids to Own and Solve Their problems. Teaching kids to complete chores without reminders or pay! This interactive class will help parents alleviate everyday stresses of raising children.

The love and logic way will teach parents: Strategies for avoiding arguing, back talk, and begging. Teach responsibility without losing their love. Setting limits without waging war. Avoiding power struggles. Guiding kids to Own and Solve Their problems. Teaching kids to complete chores without reminders or pay! This interactive class will help parents alleviate everyday stresses of raising children.
Losing a pet can be an incredibly painful and isolating experience. Therapy-Connection is preparing to launch a Pet Loss Grief Support program that offers a supportive space for individuals coping with the loss of a beloved companion animal. The program will include a grief support group and optional individual counseling, led by a licensed or associate clinician experienced in grief work. We are currently gathering interest before finalizing dates and format. To receive updates and be notified when registration opens, join the interest list here: https://form.typeform.com/to/Y1c3tZ8a.

Losing a pet can be an incredibly painful and isolating experience. Therapy-Connection is preparing to launch a Pet Loss Grief Support program that offers a supportive space for individuals coping with the loss of a beloved companion animal. The program will include a grief support group and optional individual counseling, led by a licensed or associate clinician experienced in grief work. We are currently gathering interest before finalizing dates and format. To receive updates and be notified when registration opens, join the interest list here: https://form.typeform.com/to/Y1c3tZ8a.
Opening up to a group of strangers might feel intimidating at first. But here’s what we know: something powerful happens when people come together and realize they’re not the only ones struggling. At Bloom, our recovery groups are a place to feel seen, heard, and supported without judgment. Led by experienced counselors who truly care, each group is a chance to share your story (if and when you're ready), learn new tools, and connect with others. Recovery can feel heavy, but in a group, you don’t have to carry it all by yourself.

Hosted by Bloom Family Therapy | Erica M. Topete, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Group meets in San Diego, CA 92108
Opening up to a group of strangers might feel intimidating at first. But here’s what we know: something powerful happens when people come together and realize they’re not the only ones struggling. At Bloom, our recovery groups are a place to feel seen, heard, and supported without judgment. Led by experienced counselors who truly care, each group is a chance to share your story (if and when you're ready), learn new tools, and connect with others. Recovery can feel heavy, but in a group, you don’t have to carry it all by yourself.
Children learn by playing and having fun! We specialize in treating anxiety, trauma, and mood disorders in children, teens, and young adults. Our unique approach utilizes evidence based practices to treat these disorders in an engaging way with our warm, friendly, compassionate therapists. Melissa is trained in EMDR and ERP, gold standard methods for treating trauma and OCD. Andrea specializes in working with young children and parenting support. Immediate openings, contact us today!

Children learn by playing and having fun! We specialize in treating anxiety, trauma, and mood disorders in children, teens, and young adults. Our unique approach utilizes evidence based practices to treat these disorders in an engaging way with our warm, friendly, compassionate therapists. Melissa is trained in EMDR and ERP, gold standard methods for treating trauma and OCD. Andrea specializes in working with young children and parenting support. Immediate openings, contact us today!
High Conflict Separation/Divorce Support Group is a support group for women going through separation or divorce from a narcissistic or high conflict partner. Led by licensed therapist Brenda Stephens, LPCC, who has specialized expertise in narcissistic abuse and trauma recovery, this group offers a safe, supportive space for psychoeducation, reflection, and connection with others who truly understand. Each week, members receive guidance around manipulation, trauma responses, boundaries, grief, decision-making, and healing while navigating the emotional challenges of untangling from a high-conflict relationship. Mondays 5-6PM Pacific. Please go to www.narctrauma.com to register

High Conflict Separation/Divorce Support Group is a support group for women going through separation or divorce from a narcissistic or high conflict partner. Led by licensed therapist Brenda Stephens, LPCC, who has specialized expertise in narcissistic abuse and trauma recovery, this group offers a safe, supportive space for psychoeducation, reflection, and connection with others who truly understand. Each week, members receive guidance around manipulation, trauma responses, boundaries, grief, decision-making, and healing while navigating the emotional challenges of untangling from a high-conflict relationship. Mondays 5-6PM Pacific. Please go to www.narctrauma.com to register
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See More Support Groups FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups
How can I find a support group in Chula Vista?
To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.
Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.
Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.
How does group therapy work?
Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.
It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.
It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.
What are the benefits of group therapy?
Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.
Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.
Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.
Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?
It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.
Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.
Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.
How much does group therapy cost?
Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.
Does insurance cover group therapy?
As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.
However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.
However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.
How long does group therapy last?
The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.
The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.
The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.
What are the limitations of support groups?
Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.
The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.
The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.


