Support Groups in Beverly Hills, CA

Women experience a number of significant life changes in midlife: menopause, empty nesting, reduced marital satisfaction, identity, and general questions about what comes next. Join us in a safe and supportive environment to heal and work to integrate these changes into a better image of ourselves. Friends are invited to come together.
Photo of Mary Kallaher Couples Family And Individual Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Hosted by Mary Kallaher Couples Family And Individual Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90211
I work with couples, families, and individuals to help them reduce conflict and increase satisfaction in their relationships and day to day lives. The goal of our work would be to alleviate emotional distress, control anxiety, and feel more in control of one's choices and reactions. In addition to attachment, we would explore values and ideals to create a strength-based concept of oneself. Significant life changes, good or bad, can also add to interpersonal and intrapersonal conflicts and create anxiety. Therapy can help.
(424) 349-4071 View (424) 349-4071
New Creative Arts Group for Adults struggling with Chronic Illness, Pain, Disease & Disability. If you're navigating chronic health challenges, this creative arts therapy group is for you. A safe, supportive space to express, process emotions, and connect with others who understand. Weekly Sessions Sundays 10 AM (Starting March 16th). Virtual – Join from anywhere. Drop in & Donation-based What to Expect: Guided creative activities Mindfulness & stress relief exercises. A compassionate community No artistic experience required—just bring any supplies and yourself!
Photo of Megan A Collins, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR-P
Hosted by Megan A Collins
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR-P
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Feel Like You’re Juggling the Weight of the World? You’ve got great things happening in your life—maybe a thriving career, relationships, or big goals—but it all feels like too much. Between the demands of your day-to-day, it’s easy to lose sight of yourself. When was the last time you truly paused to check in with you? You don’t have to keep pushing through the overwhelm alone. Together, we’ll create space for you to reconnect with yourself, manage the stress, and build a life where you don’t just juggle—it all feels balanced, meaningful, and fulfilling.
(424) 209-7172 View (424) 209-7172
It's time to make a change. Don't suffer alone. In this group you will learn to tame your fears and *Overcome anxiety, depression and loss; *Conquer self-esteem and assertiveness issues; *Manage through life transitions; * Develop more effective ways to get what you want; * Learn relationship skills that work. Dr. Gilbert works in a very collaborative and participatory manner. You'll get constant feedback, advice and valuable life skills in each session. Complementary consultation required to meet group requirements and ensure psychotherapy is right for you.
Photo of Dr. Gilbert Chalepas - Reconnect Relationship - Dr. Gilbert Chalepas, Psychologist, PsyD
Hosted by Reconnect Relationship - Dr. Gilbert Chalepas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90210
The partnership you share with your significant other holds unparalleled potential for fulfillment, yet it also presents formidable trials. Together, we can delve into the nuances of nurturing relationship contentment and coherence. Such a journey demands persistent effort, unwavering dedication, and a willingness to negotiate. Every partnership is a unique composition, and my goal is to foster an environment where both partners feel empowered to express their emotions, concerns, and aspirations. In essence, I'm here to illuminate the path forward, bolstering your partnership's foundation, and fortifying its walls.
(310) 929-7923 View (310) 929-7923
Group therapy for adults with childhood trauma caused by toxic parents offers a supportive environment to process painful experiences. It helps individuals understand how toxic parenting shaped their self-esteem, relationships, and emotional well-being. Through shared experiences, therapy fosters connection and validation, while therapeutic techniques like CBT, DBT, and mindfulness build emotional resilience, self-compassion, and healthier coping skills. Participants work on establishing boundaries, improving relationships, and reframing their trauma narrative. Group therapy offers a sense of belonging and empowerment, encouraging healing, personal growth, and the development of positive coping mechanisms, ultimately leading to a healthier, more fulfilling life.
Photo of Samar Haroon, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Hosted by Samar Haroon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90211
My work has ignited my passion to work with people who live life through the lens of multiple cultures: the culture you might be born into and your ever evolving one. If you find yourself in a different country or environment, whether its creating a better opportunity for your family, education, or professionally based. Experiencing confusion and feelings of not belonging, isn’t uncommon.Being in an interracial or intercultural relationship adds its own layer of obstacles and difficulties. You might notice that your experiences through the world differ, and even your life expectations.
(424) 363-4496 View (424) 363-4496
Often, anxiety can get in the way, our nerves can get the best of us. In this group, we learn what we can do to be our best self when it matters most.
Photo of Markus A Rogan - Dr Markus Rogan, Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Hosted by Dr Markus Rogan
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90210
Dr Markus Rogan is a recipient of the United Nations Medal of Honor.
(310) 340-6212 View (310) 340-6212
The Men's Psychotherapy Group meets for 90 minutes every week. The group addresses such topics as relationship issues, anxiety and depression, life transitions, career pressures and other areas of particular concern to men. I am a Certified Group Psychotherapist. Please contact me for more information and to check availability.
Photo of John Chebultz, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CGP, SEP
Hosted by John Chebultz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CGP, SEP
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Stuck? So often the first thing my clients tell me is that they're feeling stuck. Maybe they're stuck in a relationship or a job or a way of thinking. Often they've worked hard on their own to improve their situation, but still, they feel stuck. In my practice, individuals, couples and families find ways to get unstuck and to move forward once again.
(310) 288-1650 View (310) 288-1650
Women’s process groups are open to current clients only
Photo of Lori Yve Sunkin, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Hosted by Lori Yve Sunkin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90212
I've been in private practice for over thirty years. I believe therapy is mostly about the relationship between the therapist and client. I feel change happens when a person finally feels safe enough to express their deepest fears and dreams, their childhood experiences and current struggles. I try to provide a comfortable environment for my clients so that they can be free to be authentic.
(424) 329-6527 View (424) 329-6527
This is a Men's process group where men can come together to explore whatever they want to in a safe, comfortable office in Beverly Hills. There will be two Associates facilitating this group. Topics will be offered and issues will be explored. All group members will be screened to ensure suitability for group work.
Photo of Dr. Thomas O'Malley - Dr. Thomas O' Malley , Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, MS, MA, LMFT
Hosted by Dr. Thomas O' Malley
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, MS, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Available in Beverly Hills ( Virtual only) and Palm Springs, both on person or virtual. We treat individuals, couples and families. Please be sure to complete all paperwork prior to seeing your therapist. We work closely with psychiatrists to ensure that you obtain the highest level of care. We have both male and female therapists to choose from.
(323) 433-5627 View (323) 433-5627
Teen discussion and support group Discussion groups will provide a safe and supportive environment for teens where they can communicate constructively and learn to anticipate problems and find support for problem-solving. The group will also imporve self esteem and participants will feel better about themselves as they become comfortable with others and allow their "real selves" to show during group meetings.
Photo of Sarah S Omid, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Hosted by Sarah S Omid
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90210
I have a multicultural practice and have been practicing in the Beverly Hills area for over 25 years. I treat individuals, couples and families struggling with depression, loss, grief, anxiety, communication and relationship issues. I believe each individual is unique in thier strenghts, needs and abilities. I help my clients by empowering them to achieve greater awareness and self esteem. I also provide guidance for my clients whom are going through life transitions such as pre-marital counseling, divorce, or death of a loved one. I am very passionate about my work and have a very compassionate, and respectful approach in working with my clients.
(424) 256-1770 View (424) 256-1770
Therapist office with a view- private waiting room in a Beverly Hills high rise building on Wilshire . please contact Nakisa 310-445-8784 per day or full time .
Photo of Nakisa Emrani, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Hosted by Nakisa Emrani
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90210
At times, experiencing painful feelings, having difficulty managing stressful or unexpected situations, life transitions, and/or dealing with relationship conflicts, whether romantic or not, may hinder us from feeling happy, capable, and empowered to live our lives to the fullest. During these times, the support and the guidance of a caring professional can make a difference.
(424) 570-2105 View (424) 570-2105
Love being a new mom more...... Join other moms and babies in an opportunity for ongoing support and connection! Joining a group can help to answer questions, gain perspective, nurture friendships, reduce isolation, and enjoy interacting with your little one even more! The groups meet once a week for 6 weeks for a facilitated session with me.
Photo of Sherry S. Nafeh, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PMH-C
Hosted by Sherry S. Nafeh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90211
Struggling with Postpartum Challenges, Anxiety, or Relationship Strain? I Can Help. You may be feeling overwhelmed by the demands of new parenthood, navigating feelings of postpartum depression or anxiety, or feeling disconnected from your partner during this significant life transition. Perhaps you’re questioning your confidence as a parent or longing for a deeper emotional connection in your relationship. These challenges are common, but they can feel isolating. You’re searching for a therapist who truly understands these struggles and can offer both compassionate support and effective tools to help you regain your footing.
(424) 356-0067 View (424) 356-0067
The group becomes a safe environment in which clients feel comfortable speaking about their deepest fears, relationship problems, career obstacles, and any and everything else they need to process. Finally the client is relieved to have the feedback from peers and myself, and he/she no longer feels so 'alone.'
Photo of Lauree Berger Turman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hosted by Lauree Berger Turman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90210
You have come to this site to ask for help. That takes courage, strength, and a willingness to look at your self , to lean into your fears, sadness, isolation,anger, and remove these roadblocks from your life forever. I am authentically with you, supporting you as you unpack all the stories of your life that have lead up to this moment and helping you rewrite your outcome. Together, we will gently, at your own pace, find the blocks that are preventing you from having the relationships and life you imagine having.
(646) 849-3577 View (646) 849-3577
Grief support following the loss of a loved one by suicide. Meets weekly for one and a half hours. Date and time can change. Pre-group interview required.
Photo of Carole A Chasin, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Hosted by Carole A Chasin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90210
As a Marriage and Family therapist and relationship specialist in Beverly Hills, I help smart successful people learn to recognize and find a loving partner and have the relationship they want and be able to translate their career success into relationship success. If you're looking for a new relationship or wanting to improve the one you're in, it's time to invest in yourself, your relationship, and your future by getting expert help now. Discover how to find the love you deserve. I’ll guide you into a loving, lasting and fulfilling relationship or marriage. Even partners who argue can have highly successful relationship. Call me
(424) 375-6335 View (424) 375-6335
DBT Skills Training teaches Mindfulness (learning to live in the moment), Interpersonal Effectiveness (asserting, managing anger), Distress Tolerance (coping with crisis), and Emotion Regulation (being less mood dependent). More like a class than a support group, you'll learn strategies. Initially, DBT was designed to help people with suicidal feelings. Now, research suggests DBT is also effective in treating depression, substance use, anxiety, and bing eating. For more on DBT, please visit Will Lippincott's New York Times article, "No Longer Wanting to Die." The DBT group will begin in June, 2018. Dr. Taitz, the group leader, is a Linehan board certified therapist.
Photo of Jenny Taitz, Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Hosted by Jenny Taitz
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90210
In my mind, the ideal psychologist is validating, transparent, practical, and experienced. As both a board certified CBT and DBT therapist, I teach tangible tools to get "unstuck" based on scientific research within a nonjudgmental, warm, environment. My hope is to help you move toward the life you want and create some distance from the thoughts and behaviors that might get in your way. My goal isn't only to help you feel better, but to holistically live better. I really enjoy working with college and graduate students, people pursuing life changes (such as career, relationship), and individuals facing medical problems.
(646) 798-1322 View (646) 798-1322
Weekly process group. Co-Ed.
Photo of Allison Revivo, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Hosted by Allison Revivo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90210
It takes courage to begin therapy. Feeling stuck, depressed or anxious, looking for clarity on how to move forward? My relational, psychodynamic approach helps us to connect empathically with your deeper needs, hopes and concerns. I encourage clients to build on their inherent strengths & acknowledge ways they may be impeding their own progress. My hope is to help you understand why you encounter the same kinds of frustrating roadblocks, and how you might make greater room in your life for more satisfying outcomes; while increased self-awareness doesn't guarantee change. it can open the door to new real & unimagined possibilities.
(424) 341-6414 View (424) 341-6414
Learn EFT in a supportive and affordable group environment and develop the ability to: 1) Identify manipulative and Narcissistic behavior in others 2) Identify feelings and unmet needs 3) Skillfully communicate your needs 4) Increase self esteem and self empowerment 5) Develop a nurturing inner dialog 5) Identify your relationship blueprint 6) Shift to healthier ways of coping and relating in your current relationship or attract and be attracted to healthier partners.
Photo of Kathleen Mojas, Psychologist, PhD
Hosted by Kathleen Mojas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90212
I specialize in cutting edge techniques that work at the level of the unconscious mind to help gently and efficiently shift unwanted patterns of behavior. We often don't realize that the way we respond and perceive things in the present is due to past programming. This programming not only creates a blueprint for who we choose and how we behave in our intimate relationships but also determines our ability to cope with stress and deal with painful emotions throughout our lifetime. The techniques I use and teach my clients work especially well with anxiety, phobias, depression and trauma.
(310) 299-2360 View (310) 299-2360
This group is open to clients who have a chronic immune issue - i.e., Crohn's disease, Ulcerative Colitis, MS, Lupus, post Cancer treatment, or other issue affecting the immune system. This will include mind-body practices and pain management techniques. Limited to 4 clients. This will be a 6-week group with option to extend. 10am Pacific; 1pm Eastern
Photo of Joanne Bobes (Psychotherapist + Executive Coach), Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Hosted by Joanne Bobes (Psychotherapist + Executive Coach)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Hello - I'm a therapist, career advisor and executive coach. I can help you to figure out why you feel unsettled or are challenged with a relationship, life transition, or chronic health condition. If you want to understand yourself on a deeper level, let's talk. I can also help you advance your career or make a pivot if desired. I have an eclectic therapeutic approach clinically; psychoanalytic and relational theories inform my thinking. I use coaching techniques also and can help you navigate the work world effectively for greatest job satisfaction. (Please note: I only take a limited number of insurance based clients.)
(646) 798-9270 View (646) 798-9270
Dr. Pastor is conducting online groups for various levels of professionals and management, and within a range of industries, to manage difficult emotions, life decisions and careers during COVID-19 and ongoing disruption and re-entry. Learn the secret of "positive addiction," to do well STARTING NOW, and look to support, leadership and compassion- first within ourselves- in order to take the next steps in our lives to create the really best career and life we want, while giving our best in the life we currently have.
Photo of Joan F. Pastor, Psychologist, PhD, CLD, License
Hosted by Joan F. Pastor
Psychologist, PhD, CLD, License
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90210
As an award-winning, highly compassionate, AND results-driven clinical psychologist, I've 34 + years of experience in: 1. Resilience 2. Assessment-based executive, career & organizational coaching. 3. All areas of leadership. 4. Gifted 5. Brain Enhancement & Emotional Self-Regulation. You are struggling or just looking for peace & joy. I apply Positive Psychology, Transformational Thinking & Mindfulness to business and personal results. YOU really can have the life you want, & deserve. Specialties: Executives/Mgmt., cultural diversity, entertainment healthcare, VC and banking industries, and anyone who's hungry to learn.
(424) 625-2927 View (424) 625-2927
Group Therapy for Artists in the Entertainment Industry. Members: Actors, Musicians, Writers, Directors, Designers, etc. Group Goals: *Improve self-esteem and confidence in auditions (as well as your daily life). *Gain support while riding the emotional roller coaster of acclaim and rejection. *Overcome emotional and creative blocks. *Gain insight into who you truly are. *Understand how you relate to others and work through relational issues. *Draw strength from other group members to confront fears and implement change in your life. ***Intake interviews are required before admission to this closed group.
Photo of Daphna Cardinale, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Hosted by Daphna Cardinale
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Therapy works. Emotional relief is possible. Changing your life is possible. It takes hard work, dedication, and support from someone who really cares. That's what I offer. I believe that in looking at how we relate to others and ourselves both now and throughout our lives up until this point, we can come to a greater understanding of ourselves and therefore can change. I cater my approach to the individual, couple, family, or group as I get to know you and your needs. When appropriate, I also use dream analysis, meditation, play therapy, and art therapy.
(310) 331-8504 View (310) 331-8504
At Revive Wellness Counseling Center, we understand that life's challenges can take a toll on your mental and emotional well-being. That's why we're here to help you revive your spirit, rediscover your inner strength, and find balance in your life. Whether you're seeking support for yourself, your relationship, or your family, our compassionate and experienced therapists are dedicated to guiding you on your journey towards healing and personal growth. Take the first step towards reviving your spirit, embracing your potential, and discovering the joy of a balanced and fulfilling life.
Photo of Matthew Simino, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Hosted by Matthew Simino
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Group meets in Beverly Hills, CA 90211
I believe that all people want to be the best version of themselves, and my goal is to help them achieve that. With compassion and empathy, I work with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and other mental health challenges. My goal is to empower my clients, enabling them to embrace their full potential and bring out the best version of themselves. With a supportive and nonjudgmental approach, I am committed to guiding you through self-discovery, personal growth, and positive change.
(424) 699-2715 View (424) 699-2715
1

See more therapy options for Beverly Hills

FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups

How can I find a support group in Beverly Hills?

To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.

Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.

How does group therapy work?

Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.

It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.

What are the benefits of group therapy?

Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.

Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.

Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?

It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.

Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.

How much does group therapy cost?

Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.

Does insurance cover group therapy?

As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.

However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.

How long does group therapy last?

The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.

The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.

What are the limitations of support groups?

Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.

The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.