Support Groups in 97227

This group will focus on the experience of being a man in today's world, inclusive of all lived experiences. We will explore the challenges of being in relationship, whether steady, stagnant, or in transition. This group is ideal for men who want to gain a deeper understanding of their true selves, or who are frustrated, dissatisfied, or overwhelmed with patterns in their lives, want to build emotional awareness and flexibility in dealing with whatever life brings, experience challenging emotions like anger, depression, anxiety, worry and/or doubt. Experience difficulties in relationships, with self-image/identity, and/or self-confidence.
Photo of Jesse Harley Steen - Harley Steen Psychotherapy, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Hosted by Harley Steen Psychotherapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Group meets in Portland, OR 97227
This group will focus on the experience of being a man in today's world, inclusive of all lived experiences. We will explore the challenges of being in relationship, whether steady, stagnant, or in transition. This group is ideal for men who want to gain a deeper understanding of their true selves, or who are frustrated, dissatisfied, or overwhelmed with patterns in their lives, want to build emotional awareness and flexibility in dealing with whatever life brings, experience challenging emotions like anger, depression, anxiety, worry and/or doubt. Experience difficulties in relationships, with self-image/identity, and/or self-confidence.
(503) 751-8679 View (503) 751-8679
These women only process groups are designed to give you a safe and confidential environment to heal from your trauma and will allow you to build a community of other survivors that have been through similar experiences. Group is appropriate for women who are healing from childhood abuse, adult assaults, violence in relationships, work place harassment, stalking, intimidation & fear and sexual objectification.
Photo of Deborah Lyda High, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Hosted by Deborah Lyda High
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Group meets in Portland, OR 97227
These women only process groups are designed to give you a safe and confidential environment to heal from your trauma and will allow you to build a community of other survivors that have been through similar experiences. Group is appropriate for women who are healing from childhood abuse, adult assaults, violence in relationships, work place harassment, stalking, intimidation & fear and sexual objectification.
(503) 564-1904 View (503) 564-1904
Its hard to love our bodies and feel like we are "enough" in a world that is outwardly focused on perfectionism and beauty. Women struggle with body image, shame and embarrassment about how they present themselves to the world. We grow up being judged and prioritized based on our looks, our weight and how we physically fit into the constraints of our male dominated world. We will explore these attitudes and struggles, to promote self-acceptance and empowerment.
Photo of Deborah Lyda High, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Hosted by Deborah Lyda High
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Group meets in Portland, OR 97227
Its hard to love our bodies and feel like we are "enough" in a world that is outwardly focused on perfectionism and beauty. Women struggle with body image, shame and embarrassment about how they present themselves to the world. We grow up being judged and prioritized based on our looks, our weight and how we physically fit into the constraints of our male dominated world. We will explore these attitudes and struggles, to promote self-acceptance and empowerment.
(503) 564-1904 View (503) 564-1904
On this Journey of Self Discovery tour, you will explore four of the Sheldrick Wildlife Trust wildlife sanctuaries while deepening your personal journey of self-discovery. Our emphasis is meeting and viewing elephants and self transformation. The tour is designed to deepen your connection with yourself and with nature. As you explore the wild landscapes, you will also engage in Daily Group Talks with your fellow travelers. Our friend, Deborah High, M.A., LMFT, will lead daily practices and guide discussions during this life-changing journey. For more information please contact www.captureafricatours.com. (This safari is in Kenya Africa)
Photo of Deborah Lyda High, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Hosted by Deborah Lyda High
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Group meets in Portland, OR 97227
On this Journey of Self Discovery tour, you will explore four of the Sheldrick Wildlife Trust wildlife sanctuaries while deepening your personal journey of self-discovery. Our emphasis is meeting and viewing elephants and self transformation. The tour is designed to deepen your connection with yourself and with nature. As you explore the wild landscapes, you will also engage in Daily Group Talks with your fellow travelers. Our friend, Deborah High, M.A., LMFT, will lead daily practices and guide discussions during this life-changing journey. For more information please contact www.captureafricatours.com. (This safari is in Kenya Africa)
(503) 564-1904 View (503) 564-1904
Photo of Dr. Jane Plagge, Psychologist, PsyD
Hosted by Dr. Jane Plagge
Psychologist, PsyD
Group meets in Portland, OR 97227
(971) 351-2140 View (971) 351-2140

More Groups Nearby

I facilitate online modern analytic training and process groups for therapists on Monday, Thursday, and Friday mornings. These groups offer a confidential, experiential space to explore your emotional life as it unfolds in real time — within the group and in your work with clients. Members deepen awareness of transference and countertransference, experiment with emotional communication, and develop greater freedom and authenticity in relationship. The group provides both professional development and personal growth, helping therapists strengthen their capacity for emotional presence, connection, and resilience. Participation supports a deeper understanding of oneself as both a person and a therapist.
Photo of Jim O'Hern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CGP
Hosted by Jim O'Hern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CGP
Group meets in Portland, OR 97202
I facilitate online modern analytic training and process groups for therapists on Monday, Thursday, and Friday mornings. These groups offer a confidential, experiential space to explore your emotional life as it unfolds in real time — within the group and in your work with clients. Members deepen awareness of transference and countertransference, experiment with emotional communication, and develop greater freedom and authenticity in relationship. The group provides both professional development and personal growth, helping therapists strengthen their capacity for emotional presence, connection, and resilience. Participation supports a deeper understanding of oneself as both a person and a therapist.
(971) 396-3597 View (971) 396-3597
This group challenges men to become less reactive during conflict, take responsibility for their own thoughts and behaviors, learn new conflict resolution skills, evaluate any "thinking errors" that may underly the problem,and become more aware of the negative effects of their abuse. I accept only voluntary clients, no court-mandated domestic violence offenders. The atmosphere is supportive, blending education and therapeutic "processing". Group is more effective than individual or couples therapy for this issue. The group facilitates self-disclosure and accountability and provides a format in which men can support and challenge each other to change.
Photo of Paul Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hosted by Paul Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Group meets in Portland, OR 97214
This group challenges men to become less reactive during conflict, take responsibility for their own thoughts and behaviors, learn new conflict resolution skills, evaluate any "thinking errors" that may underly the problem,and become more aware of the negative effects of their abuse. I accept only voluntary clients, no court-mandated domestic violence offenders. The atmosphere is supportive, blending education and therapeutic "processing". Group is more effective than individual or couples therapy for this issue. The group facilitates self-disclosure and accountability and provides a format in which men can support and challenge each other to change.
(503) 822-6596 View (503) 822-6596
This is to help coach parents to support what I might do in play therapy. It trains the parents to take over the role of myself as therapist to help their child grow in regulation and emotional development. This is helpful for the families who seems to always be having the same fight, disciplining the same issues on repeat.
Photo of Michelle A Reilly, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hosted by Michelle A Reilly
Licensed Professional Counselor
Group meets in Tigard, OR 97223
This is to help coach parents to support what I might do in play therapy. It trains the parents to take over the role of myself as therapist to help their child grow in regulation and emotional development. This is helpful for the families who seems to always be having the same fight, disciplining the same issues on repeat.
(503) 714-9940 View (503) 714-9940
Crafting Power and Sensitivity into Creative Mastery with Rhythm, Ritual, & Creative Flow. The groove is where you move. The grain is where you grow. Burn bright. Land soft. Walk the line where soul meets structure. Are you a sensitive, creative soul trying to find your rhythm in a chaotic world? I work with artists, musicians, and neurodivergent minds who feel deeply, think in patterns, and crave authentic expression. My approach blends poetic language, somatic rhythm, and narrative therapy to help you transform stuck cycles into creative flow. You don’t have to fit the mold—just find your form.
Photo of Justin Shane Panneck, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, PhD, LPC
Hosted by Justin Shane Panneck
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, PhD, LPC
Group meets in Portland, OR 97212
Crafting Power and Sensitivity into Creative Mastery with Rhythm, Ritual, & Creative Flow. The groove is where you move. The grain is where you grow. Burn bright. Land soft. Walk the line where soul meets structure. Are you a sensitive, creative soul trying to find your rhythm in a chaotic world? I work with artists, musicians, and neurodivergent minds who feel deeply, think in patterns, and crave authentic expression. My approach blends poetic language, somatic rhythm, and narrative therapy to help you transform stuck cycles into creative flow. You don’t have to fit the mold—just find your form.
(503) 564-7763 View (503) 564-7763
For those interested in beginning a meditation practice. We will discuss postures, methods, mindfulness, implementing a home practice, sitting with a group, working with a teacher, along with some philosophical underpinnings of meditation. The length of the group will be determined by the group. We will have a meditation at the end of each meeting beginning with 10 minutes and lasting 25 minutes at the last meeting.
Photo of Fran Miller - Fran Miller, Ph.D., Psychologist, PhD
Hosted by Fran Miller, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Group meets in Portland, OR 97229
For those interested in beginning a meditation practice. We will discuss postures, methods, mindfulness, implementing a home practice, sitting with a group, working with a teacher, along with some philosophical underpinnings of meditation. The length of the group will be determined by the group. We will have a meditation at the end of each meeting beginning with 10 minutes and lasting 25 minutes at the last meeting.
(503) 883-8880 View (503) 883-8880
Participants will receive help normalizing all grief, distinguishing between grief & trauma, coping tips and skills, expressing your emotions, using the tool of rituals, exploring creativity in your grief, and finding potential pathways forward that work for you. Schedule online at https://tinyurl.com/3cbsf92h
Photo of Harini Sukumaran - MindTree Holistic Counseling & Wellness Center LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, LPC
Hosted by MindTree Holistic Counseling & Wellness Center LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, LPC
Group meets in Portland, OR 97221
Participants will receive help normalizing all grief, distinguishing between grief & trauma, coping tips and skills, expressing your emotions, using the tool of rituals, exploring creativity in your grief, and finding potential pathways forward that work for you. Schedule online at https://tinyurl.com/3cbsf92h
(503) 210-9420 View (503) 210-9420
The LQBTQIA+ Trauma Recovery & Empowerment Group is open to LGBTQIA+ adults (18+) who have experienced trauma and are seeking connection, empowerment, and healing. Participants will explore identity, trust, safety, and impact of trauma, while gaining tools for emotion regulation, boundaries, and communication within a supportive peer community. To register, please call the front desk (541) 975-3868 or email info@stillwaterscounsel.com.
Photo of Anna Stolley, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hosted by Anna Stolley
Pre-Licensed Professional
Group meets in Hillsboro, OR 97006
The LQBTQIA+ Trauma Recovery & Empowerment Group is open to LGBTQIA+ adults (18+) who have experienced trauma and are seeking connection, empowerment, and healing. Participants will explore identity, trust, safety, and impact of trauma, while gaining tools for emotion regulation, boundaries, and communication within a supportive peer community. To register, please call the front desk (541) 975-3868 or email info@stillwaterscounsel.com.
(971) 447-0182 View (971) 447-0182
"Connected" is a group for men seeking to enhance their communication skills, deepen emotional intimacy, and build stronger relationships. Designed for adult men ready to explore vulnerability and connection, the group offers guided discussions, practical tools, and peer support in a safe, respectful space. Participants learn how to express themselves authentically, listen deeply, and navigate challenges in relationships with confidence. Through ongoing practice and connection, members grow in emotional awareness and closeness with partners, family, and friends. Connected aims to empower men to create meaningful, fulfilling relationships grounded in trust and understanding. Next group starts January 5, 2025
Photo of Luc Boudreau, Professional Counselor Associate, LMHCA, OT, MA, NCC
Hosted by Luc Boudreau
Professional Counselor Associate, LMHCA, OT, MA, NCC
Group meets in Hillsboro, OR 97124
"Connected" is a group for men seeking to enhance their communication skills, deepen emotional intimacy, and build stronger relationships. Designed for adult men ready to explore vulnerability and connection, the group offers guided discussions, practical tools, and peer support in a safe, respectful space. Participants learn how to express themselves authentically, listen deeply, and navigate challenges in relationships with confidence. Through ongoing practice and connection, members grow in emotional awareness and closeness with partners, family, and friends. Connected aims to empower men to create meaningful, fulfilling relationships grounded in trust and understanding. Next group starts January 5, 2025
(971) 306-8110 View (971) 306-8110
This is an online, 90 minute psychoeducation skills group, informed by Dialectical Behavior Therapy and other mindfulness and self-compassion models. There are three 10-12 week modules, which run consecutively. Clients are invited to attend any or all of the modules, even more than once. The first 3 weeks of class focus on mindfulness, and the remaining on one of emotion regulation, distress tolerance, or interpersonal effectiveness. Classes include a 15 minute mindfulness meditation, a check-in of mindfulness during the week, a review of the previous class, and then teaching and practicing the new skills for the present class.
Photo of Kent Kreiselmaier, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Hosted by Kent Kreiselmaier
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Group meets in Portland, OR 97239
This is an online, 90 minute psychoeducation skills group, informed by Dialectical Behavior Therapy and other mindfulness and self-compassion models. There are three 10-12 week modules, which run consecutively. Clients are invited to attend any or all of the modules, even more than once. The first 3 weeks of class focus on mindfulness, and the remaining on one of emotion regulation, distress tolerance, or interpersonal effectiveness. Classes include a 15 minute mindfulness meditation, a check-in of mindfulness during the week, a review of the previous class, and then teaching and practicing the new skills for the present class.
(503) 749-6327 View (503) 749-6327
Group Supervision for those seeking LCSW or LPC licensure. Special focus on working with children, using art and somatic therapies, integrating neuroscience and a deeper understanding of trauma.
Photo of Lydia Byhardt Bollinger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Hosted by Lydia Byhardt Bollinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Group meets in West Linn, OR 97068
Group Supervision for those seeking LCSW or LPC licensure. Special focus on working with children, using art and somatic therapies, integrating neuroscience and a deeper understanding of trauma.
(503) 512-6292 View (503) 512-6292
This group provides a space for those with OCD (and their loved ones) to offer support, provide feedback, and gain community.
Photo of Crystal Auriel Lorenzo - Holistic Healing Pdx, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, QMHP
Hosted by Holistic Healing Pdx
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, QMHP
Group meets in Portland, OR 97239
This group provides a space for those with OCD (and their loved ones) to offer support, provide feedback, and gain community.
(503) 809-5263 View (503) 809-5263
Connect with others who get it: Curated specifically for teens who have lost a parent from a long term illness. Facilitated by a down-to-earth licensed professional counselor who specializes in grief to allow safe and comfortable processing, not just a peer support group. Mindfulness and art sprinkled throughout. Runs Sep. 6- Oct. 25, eight Tuesday evenings total. 14-18yo. Masks & COVID vaccines required. Register on or before August 15. Contact Maren today for your free consultation!
Photo of Maren Corbly, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Hosted by Maren Corbly
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Group meets in Portland, OR 97202
Connect with others who get it: Curated specifically for teens who have lost a parent from a long term illness. Facilitated by a down-to-earth licensed professional counselor who specializes in grief to allow safe and comfortable processing, not just a peer support group. Mindfulness and art sprinkled throughout. Runs Sep. 6- Oct. 25, eight Tuesday evenings total. 14-18yo. Masks & COVID vaccines required. Register on or before August 15. Contact Maren today for your free consultation!
(503) 743-7268 View (503) 743-7268
AIC's Abuse Intervention Groups provide an accountable and supportive setting for men to understand the role of male socialization, identify the ways they have been abusive or controlling of others, examine and change their beliefs about abuse, and practice acceptable alternatives to abuse. We respectfully confront denial and pro-abuse beliefs while supporting making non-abusive choices and embracing more pro-social beliefs. We make consistent use of evidence based practices, including motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral interventions, role plays, and the research of John Gottman. Groups on Wednesday's and Thursday's. Please call for time and availability.
Photo of Christopher Huffine - Allies in Change, Psychologist, PsyD
Hosted by Allies in Change
Psychologist, PsyD
Group meets in Portland, OR 97225
AIC's Abuse Intervention Groups provide an accountable and supportive setting for men to understand the role of male socialization, identify the ways they have been abusive or controlling of others, examine and change their beliefs about abuse, and practice acceptable alternatives to abuse. We respectfully confront denial and pro-abuse beliefs while supporting making non-abusive choices and embracing more pro-social beliefs. We make consistent use of evidence based practices, including motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral interventions, role plays, and the research of John Gottman. Groups on Wednesday's and Thursday's. Please call for time and availability.
(503) 406-1462 View (503) 406-1462
This group is for you, if you want to be the author of your love life and tell a different story than the one you've told so far. Bring an open, brave, curious and compassionate heart and a commitment to be authentic and willing to look at your challenges, tender spots and triggers. The process will include examining our own stories about love, intimacy, sex, gender and commitment. We will identify ways we each navigate in the relational world and together we will learn to be brave in love with ourselves and with a partner.
Photo of Kimberly Dickenson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Hosted by Kimberly Dickenson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Group meets in Portland, OR 97223
This group is for you, if you want to be the author of your love life and tell a different story than the one you've told so far. Bring an open, brave, curious and compassionate heart and a commitment to be authentic and willing to look at your challenges, tender spots and triggers. The process will include examining our own stories about love, intimacy, sex, gender and commitment. We will identify ways we each navigate in the relational world and together we will learn to be brave in love with ourselves and with a partner.
(971) 328-4303 View (971) 328-4303
Learn practical skills that allow youth to successfully navigate educational and social environments with confidence! The group series begins with identifying target goals and psychoeducation about anxiety. Subsequent groups focus on youth developing the skills and strategies necessary to manage anxiety, especially when it starts to interfere in our daily lives and hinder success in school, friendships, and in activities, The group closes with exploring helpful apps to maintain progress and a celebration! Group begins on January 7 and goes for 8 weeks ending on February 25th.
Photo of Paige Hirt - Paige Hirt Counseling & Consultation, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, NCC
Hosted by Paige Hirt Counseling & Consultation
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, NCC
Group meets in Lake Oswego, OR 97035
Learn practical skills that allow youth to successfully navigate educational and social environments with confidence! The group series begins with identifying target goals and psychoeducation about anxiety. Subsequent groups focus on youth developing the skills and strategies necessary to manage anxiety, especially when it starts to interfere in our daily lives and hinder success in school, friendships, and in activities, The group closes with exploring helpful apps to maintain progress and a celebration! Group begins on January 7 and goes for 8 weeks ending on February 25th.
(503) 563-8701 View (503) 563-8701

See more therapy options for 97227

FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups

How can I find a support group in 97227?

To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.

Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.

How does group therapy work?

Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.

It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.

What are the benefits of group therapy?

Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.

Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.

Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?

It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.

Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.

How much does group therapy cost?

Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.

Does insurance cover group therapy?

As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.

However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.

How long does group therapy last?

The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.

The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.

What are the limitations of support groups?

Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.

The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.