Support Groups in 75069

Mood Disorder IOP is designed for adolescents who are struggling to cope with a mood disorder. Group sessions focus on learning healthy coping skills, family relationships and how relationships impact our mental health. We assist adolescents in identifying how thoughts affect our mood, and ways to reduce symptoms and increase positive mood. Family/parent session is also included in IOP and is held on Saturdays from 10:00am-12:00pm.
Photo of Dr. Deepika Bhargava, Psychiatrist, MD
Hosted by Dr. Deepika Bhargava
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
I provide a unique integrated bio-psycho-social-spiritual-nutritional approach to mental well-being. Personalized and comprehensive services in an atmosphere of respect and compassion to help create healthy communities. One-stop for all your mental health needs that includes psychiatry med management (anxiety, depression, bipolar, PTSD, geriatric disorders, dementia); individual and family therapy (marital, addiction, anger management, behavior modification, stress management, work-life balance; adult/adolescent Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP) - (mood disorders, substance abuse, eating disorders, trauma, women's issues). TMS.
(469) 425-2053 View (469) 425-2053
Our Women's Issues IOP provides a safe place for healing for those who suffer from anxiety, depression, PTSD or other mental health conditions that could benefit from IOP, but prefer to be in treatment with women only. This IOP meets three times a week in the evening in our McKinney location.
Photo of Exult Healthcare - Exult - IOP/Therapy/Psychiatry/Addiction/TMS, Treatment Center
Hosted by Exult - IOP/Therapy/Psychiatry/Addiction/TMS
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
We are committed to you. Screenings for adult/child/adolescent counseling and IOP appointments available the same day. Psychiatric appointments are available within one week. Urgent night care is available on demand Monday through Saturday 6PM to 9 PM. At Exult Healthcare you will find caring, highly experienced psychiatric and therapeutic professionals who are dedicated to your health. We are able to offer you options such as integrated treatment, innovative and effective alcoholism therapies and advanced IOP help for mood disorders and other substance abuse. We are a one stop behavioral facility. Deepika Bhargava is a member of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry and Obesity Medicine Association. Board Certified Addiction Medicine. Doctor Bhargava was awarded the best doctor in Dallas awarded chosen by my peers in 2018. Our Clinical Program Director is Michael O'Neal, LCDC-ADC III previously of DayRise Recovery-recognized by Psychology Today Magazine as a "Best" facility for referral in their annual guide for professionals 2 years in a row. Our many other professionals, selected personally by Dr. Bhargava are also of the highest caliber.
(469) 208-4431 View (469) 208-4431
This group is designed to be a safe space to talk through the struggles of the week. There is a focus on planning, organizing, and self-discovery.
Photo of Kimberlee K Flatt, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, BCBA
Hosted by Kimberlee K Flatt
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, BCBA
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
I work with a variety of clients with a variety of needs. The thing that most of them have in common is a feeling of being a bit stuck. Many of my clients are experiencing transitions in life, transitions into new work environments or life phases. Other clients are needing to​ make a transition & I can help them weigh their options & process their choices. I believe at my core that none of us were intended to do life alone. My clients’ goals are usually pretty simple, they want to be more present in their lives and move forward in a meaningful way.
(214) 817-3591 View (214) 817-3591
Hearten Counseling provides a nurturing space where individuals of all ages can find support and guidance. Our team of therapists is dedicated to fostering growth, connection, and healing in every client we serve. With a focus on play, growth, and thriving, we create an environment that encourages engagement and connection. Whether you're a child or an adult, our compassionate therapists are here to help you navigate life's challenges and embark on a journey towards emotional well-being and fulfillment.
Photo of Erin Johnston, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, RPT-S™
Hosted by Erin Johnston
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, RPT-S™
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
Erin loves to work with children, teens and adults as she utilizes a variety of therapeutic modalities such as talk therapy, play therapy, art therapy, EMDR and sand tray.
(214) 609-1443 View (214) 609-1443
This group not currently running; if interested in this type of group, contact me. Many of us are finding that we are feeling stressed, fearful and confused. Studying mindfulness and developing a regular mindfulness practice can greatly enhance our ability to connect with our inner, intuitive guidance system, creating more ease, clarity and confidence. This is an 8 week course based on the course developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn. The group will meet virtually for 8 weeks on Sundays from 10:00-11:30 am. Each 1.5 hour group session followed immediately by a 30 minute group meditation practice.
Photo of Kathryn Oden - Kathryn Oden, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Hosted by Kathryn Oden, PhD, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
The way we look at and think about our lives has a profound impact on the way we experience our lives. It is necessary to shift our thoughts in order to effectively relieve anxiety, depression, and our inability to move forward from past disappointments and traumatic experiences. I utilize Cognitive Therapy, EMDR, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, and Internal Family Systems. These approaches are offered within a setting of compassion and nonjudgment. I have found the integration of mental, spiritual, and physical experience important in improving psychological health and helping people connect with their own inner guidance.
(972) 597-2525 View (972) 597-2525
Powerful Social Skills groups available for Boys and Girls from ages 5 to 12. Provides for members, in a natural environment, an opportunity to share with others in similar circumstances. Members will learn how to build successful relationships with others and enhance their peer communication skills. Parents typically report improved self-esteem, independence and respect. Please call for more information.
Photo of Brandy Schumann, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC, CCPT-S
Hosted by Brandy Schumann
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC, CCPT-S
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
Believe you’ve failed because you seek counseling? Nope, you’re just being a superhero! It is your willingness to seek help, to do what is needed, that demonstrates the depth of your dedication and courageousness toward health. My hope is to provide an accepting environment, to facilitate your family members' ability to express themselves fully, and genuinely hear each other. Together, we will explore untapped resources, already possessed by you, to eliminate distress from your lives.
(469) 901-7842 View (469) 901-7842
Have you ever felt the weight of trust shattered? Are you seeking a space where your story is met with understanding and empathy? This is an invitation to explore the answers to these questions alongside a community of women on similar journeys. Are you ready to connect and share? We look forward to having you join our women's group, where we hope you'll leave each session feeling empowered, supported, and most importantly, heard. We offer groups on Mondays and Tuesdays nights 6:00pm-7:30pm.
Photo of Dr. Desiree L. Stephens, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, TL LMHC, CCPT
Hosted by Dr. Desiree L. Stephens
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, TL LMHC, CCPT
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
I help children, teens, and adults overcome anxiety, depression, behavior issues, and life changes like divorce or loss. For children, I use creative therapies like play and art to help them express and process emotions, as they often lack the words to do so. I also work with parents to build strong, open relationships, offering tools to improve communication and emotional connection. I’m here to support your family through challenges and help children develop resilience and coping skills.
(469) 904-1439 View (469) 904-1439
This group uses the analysis, understanding, and group discussion of participants' dreams to provide insight, and personal and spiritual growth.
Photo of Robert W Grant, Psychologist, EdD
Hosted by Robert W Grant
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
Anxiety, depression, and personal conflict are not always signs of illness, neurosis, or flaws of development, or character. Many times healthy individuals find themselves in internal struggles that are related to important growth points in their lives. These are periods of potential growth based in crises of values, spirituality, and expansion of self. Such crises are reflected in questions of a deeper, spiritual, or existential nature which the individual is asking, or in general non-specific feelings of unease, dissatisfaction, or depression. I provide help aimed toward psychological development and personal growth.
(806) 686-2095 View (806) 686-2095
Freedom in Fellowship is an Intensive Outpatient Group of like-minded people coming together to check-in, process, and validate their feelings in a safe and judgement free environment.
Photo of Sharyn Lynn Campbell, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC, LPC-A, Dianne, Feria, LPCS
Hosted by Sharyn Lynn Campbell
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC, LPC-A, Dianne, Feria, LPCS
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
Addiction also known as the thief who comes to steal, kill, and destroy. It takes your money, kills dreams, and destroys relationships and you are tired of it. You want your life back by way of reuniting with loved ones, fulfilling your dreams and God-given purpose, and having enough money for shelter, food, clothing, and transportation. Substance use has taken me further than I wanted to go because I did not count the cost. Prayer upon request.
(254) 536-3870 View (254) 536-3870
Are you ready to take an essential step in fostering a healthy and long lasting relationship? Premarital counseling can help you understand each other's needs, resolve potential conflicts, and develop the skills needed to navigate married life. Working with a therapist creates a safe environment to discuss your relationship and work through topics like finances, intimacy, communication styles and expectations of marriage BEFORE you arrive at these topics in day to day married life. We will work as a team to ensure your marriage begins as strongly as possible!
Photo of Sarah Garza, LPC-Associate, MS
Hosted by Sarah Garza
LPC-Associate, MS
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
Accepting new clients for EVENING sessions! Are you ready to create a shift in your life? Whether you're dealing with life's stressors, transitions, working through struggles in your marriage/relationship, or dealing with something you haven't put words to yet, you deserve happiness! During our first sessions, I will learn what your goals are and together we will develop a plan forward to help you take control of your life and achieve fulfillment. I approach sessions as a nonjudgmental helper who is ready to listen and work as your partner. We’ll work on strategies to empower you to be the best, most successful version of yourself!
(469) 564-4866 View (469) 564-4866
Have you ever felt the weight of trust shattered? Are you seeking a space where your story is met with understanding and empathy? This is an invitation to explore the answers to these questions alongside a community of women on similar journeys. Are you ready to connect and share? We look forward to having you join our women's group, where we hope you'll leave each session feeling empowered, supported, and most importantly, heard. We offer groups on Mondays and Tuesdays nights 6:00pm-7:30pm.
Photo of Barbra Moore, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Hosted by Barbra Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
I am accepting new clients and have evening and weekend appointments available in person and online. Are you seeking support to navigate life's challenges? Whether you're a woman grappling with trauma, PTSD, or relationship struggles, or a parent looking to support your child through play therapy, I am here to walk alongside you on your path to healing. As a dedicated therapist, I specialize in helping women through the complexities of life. From overcoming trauma to navigating family conflicts and relationship hurdles, I offer a unique blend of empathy and real-world wisdom.
(214) 972-0892 View (214) 972-0892
Premarital counseling using SYMBIS. Inquire!
Photo of Ruth S Kyle, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Hosted by Ruth S Kyle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
Your friends invite you to happy hour but an hour of "happy" sounds exhausting. You dread major holidays because of a loss. Or maybe you simply struggle with days that have a vowel in them. Life keeps happening and you are going through the motions: job, family, basic hygiene (maybe), food that is not chips, to make it happen. I can give you a safe space where you can tell your story - all the parts of your story. I can help you identify what it is that you want for your life, look at your patterns, and offer insight into finding what's best for you. Let's find your inner bad-ass (oops) warrior!
(972) 885-6092 View (972) 885-6092
Photo of Exult Healthcare - Exult - IOP/Therapy/Psychiatry/Addiction/TMS, Treatment Center
Hosted by Exult - IOP/Therapy/Psychiatry/Addiction/TMS
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
(469) 208-4431 View (469) 208-4431
This group is not currently running. Contact me if interested in this type of group. This group is for those who wish to increase their ability to connect with their creative, intuitive inner guidance. This connection can greatly enhance our ability to move through life with more ease, clarity and confidence. The focus is "The Artist’s Way" by Julia Cameron. We will meet weekly virtually to discuss the material and share experiences. The group will meet for 12 weeks. Each 1.5 hour group session will be followed immediately by a 30 minute group meditation practice.
Photo of Kathryn Oden - Kathryn Oden, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Hosted by Kathryn Oden, PhD, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
The way we look at and think about our lives has a profound impact on the way we experience our lives. It is necessary to shift our thoughts in order to effectively relieve anxiety, depression, and our inability to move forward from past disappointments and traumatic experiences. I utilize Cognitive Therapy, EMDR, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, and Internal Family Systems. These approaches are offered within a setting of compassion and nonjudgment. I have found the integration of mental, spiritual, and physical experience important in improving psychological health and helping people connect with their own inner guidance.
(972) 597-2525 View (972) 597-2525
A powerful and healing experience for women going through or have been through a divorce. This group will focus on healing as well as the practical needs that women face when dealing with divorce.
Photo of Brandy Schumann, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC, CCPT-S
Hosted by Brandy Schumann
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC, CCPT-S
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
Believe you’ve failed because you seek counseling? Nope, you’re just being a superhero! It is your willingness to seek help, to do what is needed, that demonstrates the depth of your dedication and courageousness toward health. My hope is to provide an accepting environment, to facilitate your family members' ability to express themselves fully, and genuinely hear each other. Together, we will explore untapped resources, already possessed by you, to eliminate distress from your lives.
(469) 901-7842 View (469) 901-7842
IOP Substance Abuse -utilizes an evidenced based treatment program to assist in the continued recovery of adults 18 years and older. Saturday group time is also available. Evening group is Tuesday-Friday 6:00pm-9:00pm and Saturdays 10:00am-1:00pm. Daytime group is held Monday-Friday 10:00am-1:00pm.
Photo of Dr. Deepika Bhargava, Psychiatrist, MD
Hosted by Dr. Deepika Bhargava
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
I provide a unique integrated bio-psycho-social-spiritual-nutritional approach to mental well-being. Personalized and comprehensive services in an atmosphere of respect and compassion to help create healthy communities. One-stop for all your mental health needs that includes psychiatry med management (anxiety, depression, bipolar, PTSD, geriatric disorders, dementia); individual and family therapy (marital, addiction, anger management, behavior modification, stress management, work-life balance; adult/adolescent Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP) - (mood disorders, substance abuse, eating disorders, trauma, women's issues). TMS.
(469) 425-2053 View (469) 425-2053
Have you ever felt the weight of trust shattered? Are you seeking a space where your story is met with understanding and empathy? This is an invitation to explore the answers to these questions alongside a community of women on similar journeys. Are you ready to connect and share? We look forward to having you join our women's group, where we hope you'll leave each session feeling empowered, supported, and most importantly, heard. We offer groups on Mondays and Tuesdays nights 6:00pm-7:30pm.
Photo of Barbra Moore, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Hosted by Barbra Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
I am accepting new clients and have evening and weekend appointments available in person and online. Are you seeking support to navigate life's challenges? Whether you're a woman grappling with trauma, PTSD, or relationship struggles, or a parent looking to support your child through play therapy, I am here to walk alongside you on your path to healing. As a dedicated therapist, I specialize in helping women through the complexities of life. From overcoming trauma to navigating family conflicts and relationship hurdles, I offer a unique blend of empathy and real-world wisdom.
(214) 972-0892 View (214) 972-0892
This group is for guys with high-functioning Autism who need a place to hang out and be social without stress or expectations. In this group, we often talk about personal interest and personal experiences. Hidden social rules are discussed and fun is had.
Photo of Kimberlee K Flatt, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, BCBA
Hosted by Kimberlee K Flatt
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, BCBA
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
I work with a variety of clients with a variety of needs. The thing that most of them have in common is a feeling of being a bit stuck. Many of my clients are experiencing transitions in life, transitions into new work environments or life phases. Other clients are needing to​ make a transition & I can help them weigh their options & process their choices. I believe at my core that none of us were intended to do life alone. My clients’ goals are usually pretty simple, they want to be more present in their lives and move forward in a meaningful way.
(214) 817-3591 View (214) 817-3591
Have you ever felt the weight of trust shattered? Are you seeking a space where your story is met with understanding and empathy? This is an invitation to explore the answers to these questions alongside a community of women on similar journeys. Are you ready to connect and share? We look forward to having you join our women's group, where we hope you'll leave each session feeling empowered, supported, and most importantly, heard.
Photo of Dr. Desiree L. Stephens, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, TL LMHC, CCPT
Hosted by Dr. Desiree L. Stephens
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, TL LMHC, CCPT
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
I help children, teens, and adults overcome anxiety, depression, behavior issues, and life changes like divorce or loss. For children, I use creative therapies like play and art to help them express and process emotions, as they often lack the words to do so. I also work with parents to build strong, open relationships, offering tools to improve communication and emotional connection. I’m here to support your family through challenges and help children develop resilience and coping skills.
(469) 904-1439 View (469) 904-1439
IOP Mood Disorder - Group sessions focus process sessions, learning healthy coping skills, how relationships impact our mental health, how our thoughts affect our mood, and ways to reduce symptoms and increase positive mood. Group offerings include Emerging Adults, Women's and 35+.
Photo of Dr. Deepika Bhargava, Psychiatrist, MD
Hosted by Dr. Deepika Bhargava
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Group meets in McKinney, TX 75069
I provide a unique integrated bio-psycho-social-spiritual-nutritional approach to mental well-being. Personalized and comprehensive services in an atmosphere of respect and compassion to help create healthy communities. One-stop for all your mental health needs that includes psychiatry med management (anxiety, depression, bipolar, PTSD, geriatric disorders, dementia); individual and family therapy (marital, addiction, anger management, behavior modification, stress management, work-life balance; adult/adolescent Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP) - (mood disorders, substance abuse, eating disorders, trauma, women's issues). TMS.
(469) 425-2053 View (469) 425-2053
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FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups

How can I find a support group in 75069?

To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.

Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.

How does group therapy work?

Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.

It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.

What are the benefits of group therapy?

Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.

Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.

Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?

It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.

Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.

How much does group therapy cost?

Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.

Does insurance cover group therapy?

As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.

However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.

How long does group therapy last?

The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.

The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.

What are the limitations of support groups?

Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.

The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.