Support Groups in 19143

Does your teen struggle in social situations? Do you wish they could practice social interactions in a space where they are safe to make mistakes and try new things? Roleplaying game therapy will help them build connections with peers and experience personal growth while having fun. This evidence-based group will help your teen develop creative problem solving skills, grow self regulation skills, increase frustration tolerance, and improve social skills. Participants will work in a group setting and improve their turn-taking, critical thinking, and perspective-taking skills, adventuring through a spectacular fantasy world to triumph over their adversaries!
Photo of Erin Crabill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Hosted by Erin Crabill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Group meets in Philadelphia, PA 19143
Does your teen struggle in social situations? Do you wish they could practice social interactions in a space where they are safe to make mistakes and try new things? Roleplaying game therapy will help them build connections with peers and experience personal growth while having fun. This evidence-based group will help your teen develop creative problem solving skills, grow self regulation skills, increase frustration tolerance, and improve social skills. Participants will work in a group setting and improve their turn-taking, critical thinking, and perspective-taking skills, adventuring through a spectacular fantasy world to triumph over their adversaries!
(267) 573-8490 View (267) 573-8490

More Groups Nearby

Is your mental strength equal to your physical strength? This online workshop addresses the importance of establishing a powerful mindset for best meeting the challenges of the competitive environment. Topics covered include strategies for overcoming obstacles and set backs, recognizing and applying your unique super-strengths, and understanding and applying psychological flexibility as the true driver of successful performance. Groups meet on 4 consecutive Tuesdays for one hour beginning in November 2022.
Photo of Dr. Peter Thompson, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, CMPC, BCC
Hosted by Dr. Peter Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, CMPC, BCC
Group meets in King Of Prussia, PA 19406
Is your mental strength equal to your physical strength? This online workshop addresses the importance of establishing a powerful mindset for best meeting the challenges of the competitive environment. Topics covered include strategies for overcoming obstacles and set backs, recognizing and applying your unique super-strengths, and understanding and applying psychological flexibility as the true driver of successful performance. Groups meet on 4 consecutive Tuesdays for one hour beginning in November 2022.
(484) 214-2580 View (484) 214-2580
If you love your baby but feel overwhelmed and exhausted, or if you are pregnant but nervous about the unknown, you are not alone! Limited to just 6 participants, our therapeutic support group is designed for moms-to-be and moms with babies up to 24 months. Join us for this non-judgmental, supportive therapy group to gain tools to navigate this major life transition with more grace and ease. The group meets virtually every other Tuesday at 1pm. To learn more, please visit www.evergreencounselingandwellness.com or call us at (215) 642-8058 to register.
Photo of Alexis R. Lee - Evergreen Counseling & Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, LCSW, LMFT
Hosted by Evergreen Counseling & Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, LCSW, LMFT
Group meets in Warminster, PA 18974
If you love your baby but feel overwhelmed and exhausted, or if you are pregnant but nervous about the unknown, you are not alone! Limited to just 6 participants, our therapeutic support group is designed for moms-to-be and moms with babies up to 24 months. Join us for this non-judgmental, supportive therapy group to gain tools to navigate this major life transition with more grace and ease. The group meets virtually every other Tuesday at 1pm. To learn more, please visit www.evergreencounselingandwellness.com or call us at (215) 642-8058 to register.
(215) 642-8058 View (215) 642-8058
Feeling stressed? Isolated? Down? Or just looking for video game friends? Gentle Growth Therapy is seeking to start support groups using themes emerging from cozy games. Themes like: identity, agency over your environment, home building, relationships with people and nature, money, and more! Meet new people, play fun games, and engage in meaningful dialogue! Press 'A' to express your interest! Group day/time TBD based on interest and availability.
Photo of Bridget Appleby, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Hosted by Bridget Appleby
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Group meets in Exton, PA 19341
Feeling stressed? Isolated? Down? Or just looking for video game friends? Gentle Growth Therapy is seeking to start support groups using themes emerging from cozy games. Themes like: identity, agency over your environment, home building, relationships with people and nature, money, and more! Meet new people, play fun games, and engage in meaningful dialogue! Press 'A' to express your interest! Group day/time TBD based on interest and availability.
(484) 759-9204 View (484) 759-9204
Virtual 6-week group: Moms Who Struggle with Perfectionism and Feeling "Not Good Enough." You're a mom who worries about doing parenting "right", thinks you're not "enough", struggles with decision-making, or feels overwhelmed with all of the transitions in parenthood. You'll gain support from other moms who feel similarly & you'll learn and skills for managing these concerns from a licensed therapist specializing in perinatal wellness. We'll discuss and explore transitions in motherhood, your shifting identity, perfectionism pros/cons, and feeling "enough." Open to moms in anywhere in PA or MD. <flourishingferncounseling.com>
Photo of Megan Furman, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Hosted by Megan Furman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Group meets in Philadelphia, PA 19127
Virtual 6-week group: Moms Who Struggle with Perfectionism and Feeling "Not Good Enough." You're a mom who worries about doing parenting "right", thinks you're not "enough", struggles with decision-making, or feels overwhelmed with all of the transitions in parenthood. You'll gain support from other moms who feel similarly & you'll learn and skills for managing these concerns from a licensed therapist specializing in perinatal wellness. We'll discuss and explore transitions in motherhood, your shifting identity, perfectionism pros/cons, and feeling "enough." Open to moms in anywhere in PA or MD. <flourishingferncounseling.com>
(610) 813-6206 View (610) 813-6206
Social skills groups for boys and girls ages 6-10 and 11-13 • • • Our arts-based research curriculum helps kids learn and practice basic to advanced friendship skills while targeting the key social skills needed for effective communication, self regulation, flexible thinking, social resilience, and conflict resolution. Therapeutic activities are designed to boost each child's emotional IQ while meeting the needs of each individual child and the group as a whole. Our Clubs help build the foundation for long lasting friendships, resilient kids, and happier families and communities.
Photo of Karen DeHaven - AHA! Studio for Integrated Therapies LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, BC-DMT, LPC
Hosted by AHA! Studio for Integrated Therapies LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, BC-DMT, LPC
Group meets in Silverdale, PA 18962
Social skills groups for boys and girls ages 6-10 and 11-13 • • • Our arts-based research curriculum helps kids learn and practice basic to advanced friendship skills while targeting the key social skills needed for effective communication, self regulation, flexible thinking, social resilience, and conflict resolution. Therapeutic activities are designed to boost each child's emotional IQ while meeting the needs of each individual child and the group as a whole. Our Clubs help build the foundation for long lasting friendships, resilient kids, and happier families and communities.
(267) 888-5146 View (267) 888-5146
FIND THE CALM IN YOUR STORM-Mind Body Intelligence® Learn how to use mindfulness meditation and compassion to relieve stress and anxiety. Participants report feeling happier and healthier. Meditation, Qigong and Gratefulness practices reduce suffering and provide new insights into our lives. Fridays from 11 to Noon: 9/22 through 10/27/23 (6 weeks). Online class.
Photo of Ellen M. Adelman, Psychologist, PhD
Hosted by Ellen M. Adelman
Psychologist, PhD
Group meets in Jenkintown, PA 19046
FIND THE CALM IN YOUR STORM-Mind Body Intelligence® Learn how to use mindfulness meditation and compassion to relieve stress and anxiety. Participants report feeling happier and healthier. Meditation, Qigong and Gratefulness practices reduce suffering and provide new insights into our lives. Fridays from 11 to Noon: 9/22 through 10/27/23 (6 weeks). Online class.
(267) 536-2335 View (267) 536-2335
DBT Young Adult Group is an 8-week journey designed for young adults (18-26) looking to master life’s challenges. Whether it’s managing stress, handling tough emotions, or building stronger relationships, this group equips you with practical, real-world tools. Connect with peers who get what you're going through, share experiences, and build lasting bonds in a fun, supportive environment. Led by expert therapists, each session is dynamic and engaging, offering new skills to help you thrive through your twenties. Ready to unlock your full potential and navigate life with confidence? Join us for this transformative experience!
Photo of Bridget McKeever, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hosted by Bridget McKeever
Pre-Licensed Professional
Group meets in Collegeville, PA 19426
DBT Young Adult Group is an 8-week journey designed for young adults (18-26) looking to master life’s challenges. Whether it’s managing stress, handling tough emotions, or building stronger relationships, this group equips you with practical, real-world tools. Connect with peers who get what you're going through, share experiences, and build lasting bonds in a fun, supportive environment. Led by expert therapists, each session is dynamic and engaging, offering new skills to help you thrive through your twenties. Ready to unlock your full potential and navigate life with confidence? Join us for this transformative experience!
(484) 642-8699 View (484) 642-8699
Bloom Behavioral Health provides essential and life-sustaining healthcare. We are welcoming new clients.
Photo of Benjamin Lasner, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NBCC, MS
Hosted by Benjamin Lasner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NBCC, MS
Group meets in Chester Springs, PA 19425
Bloom Behavioral Health provides essential and life-sustaining healthcare. We are welcoming new clients.
(610) 686-7502 View (610) 686-7502
**Reach out today if you're looking for an experience outside of typical talk therapy.** This group therapy experience is for women who wish to address: relational trauma, emotional pain, feelings of disconnect, unworthiness, and self-blame that often are by-products of trauma. Through tapping into your strengths through experientials (expressive arts and psychodrama), women in this group discover inspiration for positive change. The culture of this group promotes connection, compassion, and authenticity. This is an ongoing, weekly group; 12 week commitment to required to join.
Photo of Danielle McGrogan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, CET II
Hosted by Danielle McGrogan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, CET II
Group meets in Media, PA 19063
**Reach out today if you're looking for an experience outside of typical talk therapy.** This group therapy experience is for women who wish to address: relational trauma, emotional pain, feelings of disconnect, unworthiness, and self-blame that often are by-products of trauma. Through tapping into your strengths through experientials (expressive arts and psychodrama), women in this group discover inspiration for positive change. The culture of this group promotes connection, compassion, and authenticity. This is an ongoing, weekly group; 12 week commitment to required to join.
(484) 878-5237 View (484) 878-5237
We offer supervision to therapists seeking licensure or those in need of a supervisor. We offer individual supervision and group (if there is enough interest).
Photo of Genevieve Powell - Holtz and Powell Marriage and Family Services LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Hosted by Holtz and Powell Marriage and Family Services LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Group meets in Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006
We offer supervision to therapists seeking licensure or those in need of a supervisor. We offer individual supervision and group (if there is enough interest).
(267) 460-2546 View (267) 460-2546
An intensive is a two hour, customized one-on-one therapeutic immersion, grounded in trauma informed care and somatic based healing. You'll be guided through an intentionally designed process that weaves nervous system regulation, embodied mindfulness, and and depth psychology allowing you access to parts of yourself which may not emerge in weekly therapy. This offering is ideal if: you're in a life transition or emotional crossroads, you've done talk therapy but feel something is unresolved, or you've navigating spiritual awakening.
Photo of Adrienne Hermes, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, C-DBT, CYT
Hosted by Adrienne Hermes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, C-DBT, CYT
Group meets in Phoenixville, PA 19460
An intensive is a two hour, customized one-on-one therapeutic immersion, grounded in trauma informed care and somatic based healing. You'll be guided through an intentionally designed process that weaves nervous system regulation, embodied mindfulness, and and depth psychology allowing you access to parts of yourself which may not emerge in weekly therapy. This offering is ideal if: you're in a life transition or emotional crossroads, you've done talk therapy but feel something is unresolved, or you've navigating spiritual awakening.
(215) 398-6298 View (215) 398-6298
CW019847 I believe that any person is able to reach recovery from their mental health issues unique to each person. No matter the challenges someone may be facing I do my best to help them find ways to reach the right solution for them. I have experience working with a diverse clientele and enjoy engaging with all people. I am comfortable working with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, have family issues/conflict, or who may be struggling with adjusting to different life events. I am trained in DBT & blend these skills with other techniques to meet my client's needs.
Photo of Elisha Farley - AE Wellness, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hosted by AE Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Group meets in West Chester, PA 19380
CW019847 I believe that any person is able to reach recovery from their mental health issues unique to each person. No matter the challenges someone may be facing I do my best to help them find ways to reach the right solution for them. I have experience working with a diverse clientele and enjoy engaging with all people. I am comfortable working with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, have family issues/conflict, or who may be struggling with adjusting to different life events. I am trained in DBT & blend these skills with other techniques to meet my client's needs.
(484) 999-3298 View (484) 999-3298
Our Elementary Aged Social and Behavioral Therapy Group hones in on several areas: cooperative play skills, friendship development, bodily regulation, conversation skills, conflict resolution strategies, increasing appropriate language & behavior, developing coping skills, awareness of emotions, and self-advocacy.
Photo of Beth Roberts - Social Enrichment Center, Treatment Center
Hosted by Social Enrichment Center
Treatment Center
Group meets in Media, PA 19063
Our Elementary Aged Social and Behavioral Therapy Group hones in on several areas: cooperative play skills, friendship development, bodily regulation, conversation skills, conflict resolution strategies, increasing appropriate language & behavior, developing coping skills, awareness of emotions, and self-advocacy.
(484) 207-5626 View (484) 207-5626
This group is for teen boys to talk, relate, and socialize with their peers under the guidance of a male psychologist. Topics to discuss will include successfully coping and strategizing for issues at home, school, and in the community. Specifically, many boys need a safe place to discuss issues with their parents, friends, and planning for the future.
Photo of Andre Steven Watson, Psychologist, PsyD, PLY
Hosted by Andre Steven Watson
Psychologist, PsyD, PLY
Group meets in Upper Darby, PA 19082
This group is for teen boys to talk, relate, and socialize with their peers under the guidance of a male psychologist. Topics to discuss will include successfully coping and strategizing for issues at home, school, and in the community. Specifically, many boys need a safe place to discuss issues with their parents, friends, and planning for the future.
(215) 631-3230 View (215) 631-3230
This is a 6 week small group discussion series that is designed to empower you as a parent, with strategies to help you help your child and to offer alternative approaches when the guidance from parenting books isn't working. For information, fee and to register email: parenting@sherrypomerantz.com
Photo of Sherry Carroll Pomerantz, Psychologist, PhD
Hosted by Sherry Carroll Pomerantz
Psychologist, PhD
Group meets in Rosemont, PA 19010
This is a 6 week small group discussion series that is designed to empower you as a parent, with strategies to help you help your child and to offer alternative approaches when the guidance from parenting books isn't working. For information, fee and to register email: parenting@sherrypomerantz.com
(610) 664-8519 View (610) 664-8519
Does features of shame that are emotional in nature, judgment, condemning thoughts, tone, hiding, isolation, self-reinforcing thoughts, disconnection feel familiar to you? Join this group therapy as we examine the role of shame and how it plays in keeping us from being engaged in relationships, loved ones, community, workplace and vocation. This group is all women. Registration and Intake approval is required to be accepted in to group. Participation in group therapy will complement your work in individual therapy. Therefore, group therapy should not replace individual therapy. For more info: please email me at counseling@restorycounseling.org
Photo of Arlene G Navarro, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, IFS
Hosted by Arlene G Navarro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, IFS
Group meets in Philadelphia, PA 19103
Does features of shame that are emotional in nature, judgment, condemning thoughts, tone, hiding, isolation, self-reinforcing thoughts, disconnection feel familiar to you? Join this group therapy as we examine the role of shame and how it plays in keeping us from being engaged in relationships, loved ones, community, workplace and vocation. This group is all women. Registration and Intake approval is required to be accepted in to group. Participation in group therapy will complement your work in individual therapy. Therefore, group therapy should not replace individual therapy. For more info: please email me at counseling@restorycounseling.org
(267) 863-2894 View (267) 863-2894
The Urban Healing Group Presents GRIEF AND HEALING A Support Group for Those Working Through the Healing Journey EVERY OTHER SUNDAY (OPEN GROUP) STARTING 9/17 @12PM-1PM TELEHEALTH. COST $35 PER SESSION Loss is Hard You are not alone. We can walk through the healing journey together. This online support group is designed for those who has experienced loss. This group is open to everyone, we will focus on the unique aspects of death and provide a safe environment to share stories and explore daily experiences during grief.
Photo of Arika Moody - Arika Moody, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Hosted by Arika Moody, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Group meets in Erdenheim, PA 19038
The Urban Healing Group Presents GRIEF AND HEALING A Support Group for Those Working Through the Healing Journey EVERY OTHER SUNDAY (OPEN GROUP) STARTING 9/17 @12PM-1PM TELEHEALTH. COST $35 PER SESSION Loss is Hard You are not alone. We can walk through the healing journey together. This online support group is designed for those who has experienced loss. This group is open to everyone, we will focus on the unique aspects of death and provide a safe environment to share stories and explore daily experiences during grief.
(267) 323-4780 View (267) 323-4780
This is a long-term psychotherapy group. All human beings need a sense of belonging and a positive sense of personal identity. Group provides a safe, meaningful and stimulating place to explore oneself more fully and heal from the losses and traumas of life.
Photo of Karen Goren, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CGP
Hosted by Karen Goren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CGP
Group meets in Media, PA 19063
This is a long-term psychotherapy group. All human beings need a sense of belonging and a positive sense of personal identity. Group provides a safe, meaningful and stimulating place to explore oneself more fully and heal from the losses and traumas of life.
(610) 421-9856 View (610) 421-9856
Learn new strategies for reducing symptoms and relapses of depression, and for living a more meaningful, connected, and productive life in a supportive community of your peers. All groups are FREE and confidential: no insurance, diagnosis or registration required. Support groups are led by trained peer facilitators; and we do not provide clinical or medical advice. Masks and vaccines are required for entry, no exceptions.
Photo of Stefnie Glick - LiveWell Therapy Group, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSW
Hosted by LiveWell Therapy Group
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSW
Group meets in Philadelphia, PA 19103
Learn new strategies for reducing symptoms and relapses of depression, and for living a more meaningful, connected, and productive life in a supportive community of your peers. All groups are FREE and confidential: no insurance, diagnosis or registration required. Support groups are led by trained peer facilitators; and we do not provide clinical or medical advice. Masks and vaccines are required for entry, no exceptions.
(267) 356-5918 View (267) 356-5918

See more therapy options for 19143

FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups

How can I find a support group in 19143?

To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.

Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.

How does group therapy work?

Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.

It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.

What are the benefits of group therapy?

Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.

Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.

Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?

It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.

Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.

How much does group therapy cost?

Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.

Does insurance cover group therapy?

As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.

However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.

How long does group therapy last?

The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.

The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.

What are the limitations of support groups?

Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.

The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.