Support Groups in 10701
We come together and create magic! We are a dynamic and powerful group of Spiritual Beings having a human experience, supporting each other along the way. We learn to breathe and move in ways that cultivate and activate our human energy field. We talk with each other about an inspiring question, sharing our feelings. And of course, we DANCE ourselves out of the meeting, finding joy in the freedom of dance and community. I am your Spiritual DJ. Let's connect in joy! The fee is $25 due the day before the meeting. Write: cynthiamchase.com for registration.

Hosted by Cynthia M Chase
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Group meets in Yonkers, NY 10701
We come together and create magic! We are a dynamic and powerful group of Spiritual Beings having a human experience, supporting each other along the way. We learn to breathe and move in ways that cultivate and activate our human energy field. We talk with each other about an inspiring question, sharing our feelings. And of course, we DANCE ourselves out of the meeting, finding joy in the freedom of dance and community. I am your Spiritual DJ. Let's connect in joy! The fee is $25 due the day before the meeting. Write: cynthiamchase.com for registration.
If you are like many other women, you have fallen in and out of love and have wondered why you haven't found the man of your dreams. Understanding yourself and knowing what is most important to your happiness are the building blocks of finding "love in all the right places." Join us for a weekly support group for women. In this group, we'll explore and address issues that can interfere with maintaining healthy relationships including domestic abuse, co-dependency and trauma.

If you are like many other women, you have fallen in and out of love and have wondered why you haven't found the man of your dreams. Understanding yourself and knowing what is most important to your happiness are the building blocks of finding "love in all the right places." Join us for a weekly support group for women. In this group, we'll explore and address issues that can interfere with maintaining healthy relationships including domestic abuse, co-dependency and trauma.
"Political Pressure: Let's Talk About It" is a virtual support group for adults across New York navigating the emotional weight of today's political climate. This therapist-led space centers anyone personally affected by political stress, including BIPOC and LGBTQ+ individuals, and undocumented immigrants. Together, we process fear, anger, and uncertainty while building practical coping skills and finding community connection. This is not a debate space; we focus on emotional experience, not headlines. Open to NY state residents.

"Political Pressure: Let's Talk About It" is a virtual support group for adults across New York navigating the emotional weight of today's political climate. This therapist-led space centers anyone personally affected by political stress, including BIPOC and LGBTQ+ individuals, and undocumented immigrants. Together, we process fear, anger, and uncertainty while building practical coping skills and finding community connection. This is not a debate space; we focus on emotional experience, not headlines. Open to NY state residents.
Whether you identify as bisexual, pansexual, or queer — if you’re an adult (18+) who is attracted to two or more genders, this group is for you! In this support group we’ll explore topics like navigating queer spaces, creating community, dealing with stigma/biphobia, and navigating relationships and dating. Sessions will be held Thursdays 6-7, and will be virtual! We accept most major insurances to cover sessions, or $50 out-of-pocket!

Whether you identify as bisexual, pansexual, or queer — if you’re an adult (18+) who is attracted to two or more genders, this group is for you! In this support group we’ll explore topics like navigating queer spaces, creating community, dealing with stigma/biphobia, and navigating relationships and dating. Sessions will be held Thursdays 6-7, and will be virtual! We accept most major insurances to cover sessions, or $50 out-of-pocket!
More Groups Nearby
At Brooklyn Parent Support, we offer a FREE weekly virtual group every Monday (other than holidays). This is an open, supportive, and non judgmental space where the challenges and joys of parenting can be shared.

Hosted by Brooklyn Parent Support
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, CNM, RN
Group meets in Brooklyn, NY 11249
At Brooklyn Parent Support, we offer a FREE weekly virtual group every Monday (other than holidays). This is an open, supportive, and non judgmental space where the challenges and joys of parenting can be shared.
This group is for partners of Sex Addicts based on the workbook Facing The Heartbreak by Stefanie Carnes. This group moves partners through their shame, anger, and self doubt towards healing.

Hosted by SFC Searching For Change
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAT-S, SE-C
Group meets in Brooklyn, NY 11229
This group is for partners of Sex Addicts based on the workbook Facing The Heartbreak by Stefanie Carnes. This group moves partners through their shame, anger, and self doubt towards healing.
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy identifies and changes negative thinking patterns and pushes for positive behavioral changes. DBT Group Therapy at Gateway to Solutions focuses on mindfulness; interpersonal effectiveness, stress tolerance, and emotional regulation. DBT treats Depression, Anxiety, Self-Harm, Personality Disorders, Binge-eating, PTSD, Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), Mood Disorders, and Abuse survivors. Things You Should Know: IN PERSON, 1.5-hour per session, TUESDAYS 7 PM to 8:30 PM, $125 per session, Insurance reimbursable, contact us to schedule an intake.

Hosted by Valerie Paige Kowalski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Group meets in New York, NY 10006
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy identifies and changes negative thinking patterns and pushes for positive behavioral changes. DBT Group Therapy at Gateway to Solutions focuses on mindfulness; interpersonal effectiveness, stress tolerance, and emotional regulation. DBT treats Depression, Anxiety, Self-Harm, Personality Disorders, Binge-eating, PTSD, Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), Mood Disorders, and Abuse survivors. Things You Should Know: IN PERSON, 1.5-hour per session, TUESDAYS 7 PM to 8:30 PM, $125 per session, Insurance reimbursable, contact us to schedule an intake.
The Adult Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) group is a skill-focused group found helpful for those who have difficulty regulating their moods and emotional states without alcohol or drugs or engaging in maladaptive or self-harming behaviors. Skills include mindfulness, navigating relationships, and managing one's emotions to help individuals gain self-empowerment and mastery in life. People from invalidating, unstable, chaotic, and trauma-inducing environments are most likely to benefit from the DBT group. Participants should be in individual psychotherapy while in the group.

The Adult Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) group is a skill-focused group found helpful for those who have difficulty regulating their moods and emotional states without alcohol or drugs or engaging in maladaptive or self-harming behaviors. Skills include mindfulness, navigating relationships, and managing one's emotions to help individuals gain self-empowerment and mastery in life. People from invalidating, unstable, chaotic, and trauma-inducing environments are most likely to benefit from the DBT group. Participants should be in individual psychotherapy while in the group.
Tangled: A process group for women who feel alone in their marriage?? This group is for you if: Your marriage feels more like a standoff than a partnership. You've had the same conversation a hundred times. Nothing moves. Connection is lost — and that scares you. You're not sure what's yours, what's his, and what's just the pattern. You’re not sure what your next move should be. •Mondays 6:45 pm •On Zoom •Courtesy Out of network billing Led by Bassy Schwartz, LMFT & Ayala Feder, MSW Contact: (347) 309-5262 corerelationships.com

Hosted by Core Relationships – Relationship Therapy in New Y
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Group meets in Cedarhurst, NY 11516
Tangled: A process group for women who feel alone in their marriage?? This group is for you if: Your marriage feels more like a standoff than a partnership. You've had the same conversation a hundred times. Nothing moves. Connection is lost — and that scares you. You're not sure what's yours, what's his, and what's just the pattern. You’re not sure what your next move should be. •Mondays 6:45 pm •On Zoom •Courtesy Out of network billing Led by Bassy Schwartz, LMFT & Ayala Feder, MSW Contact: (347) 309-5262 corerelationships.com
This group supervision offers clinicians of all experience leves the opportunity to process and improve their clinical work, with bi-weekly case presentations and group discussions. Participants are encouraged to identify their unique strengths and better understand transference/countertransference issues in their treatments.

This group supervision offers clinicians of all experience leves the opportunity to process and improve their clinical work, with bi-weekly case presentations and group discussions. Participants are encouraged to identify their unique strengths and better understand transference/countertransference issues in their treatments.
This 6-week group is for women in their 20s and 30s who want to reflect on, deepen, and navigate adult friendships. Each 90-minute session will explore topics like the current friendship landscape, grieving friendship shifts, making new connections, being a supportive friend, and maintaining meaningful relationships. If you’re seeking more connection and community, this group is for you. Starting in the fall. Small group—spots are limited. Interested? Fill out the interest form here: https://forms.gle/GuJpkd3bi7rMouxr6

This 6-week group is for women in their 20s and 30s who want to reflect on, deepen, and navigate adult friendships. Each 90-minute session will explore topics like the current friendship landscape, grieving friendship shifts, making new connections, being a supportive friend, and maintaining meaningful relationships. If you’re seeking more connection and community, this group is for you. Starting in the fall. Small group—spots are limited. Interested? Fill out the interest form here: https://forms.gle/GuJpkd3bi7rMouxr6
Stop the cycle of "Dating Burnout." Tired of the anxious-avoidant loop, overthinking texts, or losing yourself when things get serious? Securely Dating is an exclusive, therapist-led group for adults ready to rewire relationship patterns. We dive into the science of Attachment Theory to help you move from insecurity to a "Secure Base." In this 12-week intensive, you will master: The Art of Early Dating: Vet partners clearly. Effective Communication: Speak without fear. Boundaries & Values: Build a dating life that reflects you. Secure Rewiring: Practical tools to calm anxiety and engage avoidantly. Build lasting connections today.

Hosted by Mandolin Moody
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, DBT, REBT, CBT
Group meets in New York, NY 10006
Stop the cycle of "Dating Burnout." Tired of the anxious-avoidant loop, overthinking texts, or losing yourself when things get serious? Securely Dating is an exclusive, therapist-led group for adults ready to rewire relationship patterns. We dive into the science of Attachment Theory to help you move from insecurity to a "Secure Base." In this 12-week intensive, you will master: The Art of Early Dating: Vet partners clearly. Effective Communication: Speak without fear. Boundaries & Values: Build a dating life that reflects you. Secure Rewiring: Practical tools to calm anxiety and engage avoidantly. Build lasting connections today.
For many adults, an Emotional Support Animal is more than a pet. Your animal may be the reason you get out of bed on hard mornings, or the quiet that steadies you when everything feels loud. Companions in Healing is a six-week virtual group for adults whose ESAs are central to how they cope. Together we explore the meaning of the bond, share what it's like to be misunderstood, and build practical coping skills alongside the support your animal already provides. Animals warmly welcomed on screen. Brief screening required. Does not provide ESA letters or crisis care.

For many adults, an Emotional Support Animal is more than a pet. Your animal may be the reason you get out of bed on hard mornings, or the quiet that steadies you when everything feels loud. Companions in Healing is a six-week virtual group for adults whose ESAs are central to how they cope. Together we explore the meaning of the bond, share what it's like to be misunderstood, and build practical coping skills alongside the support your animal already provides. Animals warmly welcomed on screen. Brief screening required. Does not provide ESA letters or crisis care.
Struggle with intense emotions, anxiety, or relationship stress? You don’t have to navigate it alone. Join our structured, evidence-based DBT group at Gateway to Solutions. We provide practical tools to help you move from reactive to responsive. What You’ll Learn: Mindfulness & Distress Tolerance Emotion Regulation Interpersonal Effectiveness Group Details: When: Tuesdays, 7:00 PM – 8:30 PM Format: In-Person, 16-Week Curriculum Investment: $125/session (Insurance reimbursable) Expert-led and results-focused. Ready to build the stability you deserve? Contact us today to schedule your intake consultation and secure your spot.

Hosted by John P Carnesecchi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEAP
Group meets in New York, NY 10006
Struggle with intense emotions, anxiety, or relationship stress? You don’t have to navigate it alone. Join our structured, evidence-based DBT group at Gateway to Solutions. We provide practical tools to help you move from reactive to responsive. What You’ll Learn: Mindfulness & Distress Tolerance Emotion Regulation Interpersonal Effectiveness Group Details: When: Tuesdays, 7:00 PM – 8:30 PM Format: In-Person, 16-Week Curriculum Investment: $125/session (Insurance reimbursable) Expert-led and results-focused. Ready to build the stability you deserve? Contact us today to schedule your intake consultation and secure your spot.
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy identifies and changes negative thinking patterns and pushes for positive behavioral changes. DBT Group Therapy at Gateway to Solutions focuses on mindfulness; interpersonal effectiveness, stress tolerance, and emotional regulation. DBT treats Depression, Anxiety, Self-Harm, Personality Disorders, Binge-eating, PTSD, Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), Mood Disorders, and Abuse survivors. Things You Should Know: Wednesdays, Open Admission, 1.5-hour per session, meets once a week IN PERSON at our downtown NYC office, Wednesdays 7 PM to 8:30 PM, Insurance reimbursable, contact us to schedule an intake.

Hosted by Valerie Paige Kowalski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Group meets in New York, NY 10006
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy identifies and changes negative thinking patterns and pushes for positive behavioral changes. DBT Group Therapy at Gateway to Solutions focuses on mindfulness; interpersonal effectiveness, stress tolerance, and emotional regulation. DBT treats Depression, Anxiety, Self-Harm, Personality Disorders, Binge-eating, PTSD, Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), Mood Disorders, and Abuse survivors. Things You Should Know: Wednesdays, Open Admission, 1.5-hour per session, meets once a week IN PERSON at our downtown NYC office, Wednesdays 7 PM to 8:30 PM, Insurance reimbursable, contact us to schedule an intake.
Parents of adolescents with eating disorders need a village -- find yours here! Learn about eating disorders and get targeted advice so you can be the best possible support to your child. Hear from parents who have been there and get your questions answered. Learn to help your teen manage their anxiety and recover at home. Learn strategies to make mealtime peaceful again.

Hosted by Christine Knorr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEDS
Group meets in New City, NY 10956
Parents of adolescents with eating disorders need a village -- find yours here! Learn about eating disorders and get targeted advice so you can be the best possible support to your child. Hear from parents who have been there and get your questions answered. Learn to help your teen manage their anxiety and recover at home. Learn strategies to make mealtime peaceful again.
DBT Skills Group Training focuses on helping patients develop the coping skills they need to solve their own problems and achieve their desired goals. Four skills training modules are taught in DBT: Core mindfulness skills, Distress tolerance skills, Emotion regulation skills, and Interpersonal effectiveness skills.

DBT Skills Group Training focuses on helping patients develop the coping skills they need to solve their own problems and achieve their desired goals. Four skills training modules are taught in DBT: Core mindfulness skills, Distress tolerance skills, Emotion regulation skills, and Interpersonal effectiveness skills.
This group is designed to help men find sexual health and move away from destructive sexual behaviors. The group is a free-flowing therapeutic experience. It is a non-judgmental space to work on understanding sexual, emotional, and personal needs and navigating those needs. The SAT Project is sex positive and supports the relational model(s) you seek, including monogamy, consensual non-monogamy, polyamory, kink-related sexuality, etc. You will work with the Director of the program who has been in the field for 30 years. Dr. Crocker believes that sexuality mirrors emotionality, so working on these parallels is necessary.

Hosted by Michael Crocker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW, MA, CGT
Group meets in New York, NY 10019
This group is designed to help men find sexual health and move away from destructive sexual behaviors. The group is a free-flowing therapeutic experience. It is a non-judgmental space to work on understanding sexual, emotional, and personal needs and navigating those needs. The SAT Project is sex positive and supports the relational model(s) you seek, including monogamy, consensual non-monogamy, polyamory, kink-related sexuality, etc. You will work with the Director of the program who has been in the field for 30 years. Dr. Crocker believes that sexuality mirrors emotionality, so working on these parallels is necessary.
A 8-week group for 3rd-5th graders looking for support with interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, and emotion regulation skills. In this group, your child will have the opportunity to: learn how to identify and express their emotions in playful and creative ways, improve their relationships with others through empathy building, perspective taking, and conversation skills, practice conflict-resolution skills by learning how to regulate their body and emotions, self-reflect and communicate with others effectively!

A 8-week group for 3rd-5th graders looking for support with interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, and emotion regulation skills. In this group, your child will have the opportunity to: learn how to identify and express their emotions in playful and creative ways, improve their relationships with others through empathy building, perspective taking, and conversation skills, practice conflict-resolution skills by learning how to regulate their body and emotions, self-reflect and communicate with others effectively!
In this warm, supportive, and engaging group, members come to explore their patterns of interpersonal strengths and challenges. Those who seek this form of treatment wish to relate better to others and to feel better about themselves. They might also join a group to explore the magic of creating and maintaining close, and meaningful relationships, learn to communicate clearly and with greater ease, and practice communicating thoughts, feelings, and needs directly. Open to NY, NJ, and CT residents. The group meets online for most sessions and meets in person once a month, typically on the last Tuesday of the month.

In this warm, supportive, and engaging group, members come to explore their patterns of interpersonal strengths and challenges. Those who seek this form of treatment wish to relate better to others and to feel better about themselves. They might also join a group to explore the magic of creating and maintaining close, and meaningful relationships, learn to communicate clearly and with greater ease, and practice communicating thoughts, feelings, and needs directly. Open to NY, NJ, and CT residents. The group meets online for most sessions and meets in person once a month, typically on the last Tuesday of the month.
See more therapy options for 10701
FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups
How can I find a support group in 10701?
To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.
Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.
Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.
How does group therapy work?
Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.
It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.
It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.
What are the benefits of group therapy?
Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.
Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.
Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.
Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?
It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.
Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.
Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.
How much does group therapy cost?
Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.
Does insurance cover group therapy?
As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.
However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.
However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.
How long does group therapy last?
The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.
The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.
The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.
What are the limitations of support groups?
Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.
The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.
The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.


