Therapists in Libertyville, IL

Photo of Julia Gekhter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Libertyville, IL
Julia Gekhter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Libertyville, IL 60048
My journey into therapy began from a deep-seated desire to understand human behavior and the resilience of the spirit. Witnessing the transformative power of therapy, I knew this was my calling to guide individuals through their darkest moments towards brighter, healthier future. Specializing in addiction therapy, I work with a diverse clientele, including older adults, young adults, couples, and families. My approach is holistic and personalized addressing complexities of drug, alcohol, gambling, food addictions, ext. With each session, I strive to create a safe and nurturing environment to encourage self-discovery for my clients.
My journey into therapy began from a deep-seated desire to understand human behavior and the resilience of the spirit. Witnessing the transformative power of therapy, I knew this was my calling to guide individuals through their darkest moments towards brighter, healthier future. Specializing in addiction therapy, I work with a diverse clientele, including older adults, young adults, couples, and families. My approach is holistic and personalized addressing complexities of drug, alcohol, gambling, food addictions, ext. With each session, I strive to create a safe and nurturing environment to encourage self-discovery for my clients.
(224) 293-6875 View (224) 293-6875
Photo of Porchia Mitchell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Porchia Mitchell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Throughout my career, I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults. I have extended training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Throughout my career, I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults. I have extended training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy.
(224) 257-3887 View (224) 257-3887
Photo of Karen Thompson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Libertyville, IL
Karen Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
I aim to empower you or your child to gain a deeper understanding of yourself, develop a stronger sense of self-esteem, and build skills that will allow you to have healthy and successful relationships. I enjoy partnering with clients to help you address concerns that may be generating uncomfortable feelings or preventing you from achieving your goals. I have experience working in elementary and middle schools supporting students with emotional regulation and social skills development. I have experience with a wide range of presenting concerns, including ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem, and family conflicts.
I aim to empower you or your child to gain a deeper understanding of yourself, develop a stronger sense of self-esteem, and build skills that will allow you to have healthy and successful relationships. I enjoy partnering with clients to help you address concerns that may be generating uncomfortable feelings or preventing you from achieving your goals. I have experience working in elementary and middle schools supporting students with emotional regulation and social skills development. I have experience with a wide range of presenting concerns, including ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem, and family conflicts.
(847) 693-3529 View (847) 693-3529
Photo of Luke Tillett, Licensed Professional Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Luke Tillett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MDiv, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
Life presents us with a series of opportunities and challenges. Having someone trained to come alongside can help you meet the challenges and make the most of your opportunities. I bring my compassion, knowledge, experience, and the counseling process as resources for you. Working together, we will form an overview of your situation and choose a path forward toward greater health and a fuller life, leveraging your strengths, skills, and resources.
Life presents us with a series of opportunities and challenges. Having someone trained to come alongside can help you meet the challenges and make the most of your opportunities. I bring my compassion, knowledge, experience, and the counseling process as resources for you. Working together, we will form an overview of your situation and choose a path forward toward greater health and a fuller life, leveraging your strengths, skills, and resources.
(847) 243-6877 View (847) 243-6877
Photo of Brooke Projansky, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Brooke Projansky
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Libertyville, IL 60048
Hello! My name is Brooke Projansky and I graduated with a master’s degree from Roosevelt University and have specialty in drug and alcohol counseling. I love working with teens and adults struggling with trauma, substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders or anyone who just needs a little help figuring out their next steps in life.
Hello! My name is Brooke Projansky and I graduated with a master’s degree from Roosevelt University and have specialty in drug and alcohol counseling. I love working with teens and adults struggling with trauma, substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders or anyone who just needs a little help figuring out their next steps in life.
(847) 610-6717 View (847) 610-6717
Photo of LifePlace Counseling in Libertyville, IL
LifePlace Counseling
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
Every one of our clients is a unique and valued individual - which is why we take great care to treat you with respect and thoughtful intention. Instead of just addressing symptoms, we’ll go deeper—engaging your mind, heart, and spirit with holistic and compassionate care.
Every one of our clients is a unique and valued individual - which is why we take great care to treat you with respect and thoughtful intention. Instead of just addressing symptoms, we’ll go deeper—engaging your mind, heart, and spirit with holistic and compassionate care.
(224) 208-1959 View (224) 208-1959
Photo of Kaitlin Lavris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Libertyville, IL
Kaitlin Lavris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
Are you overwhelmed with anxiety, fear of uncertainty, and/or unwanted, intrusive thoughts? Are these experiences holding you back from engaging in meaningful parts of your life? If yes, you are not alone. Unmanaged anxiety and OCD can be incredibly painful and lead to feelings of sadness and shame. But there is hope. By learning how to manage the fears, thoughts, and behaviors that keep you stuck, you can begin to embrace the uncertainty and live a more present and fulfilling life.
Are you overwhelmed with anxiety, fear of uncertainty, and/or unwanted, intrusive thoughts? Are these experiences holding you back from engaging in meaningful parts of your life? If yes, you are not alone. Unmanaged anxiety and OCD can be incredibly painful and lead to feelings of sadness and shame. But there is hope. By learning how to manage the fears, thoughts, and behaviors that keep you stuck, you can begin to embrace the uncertainty and live a more present and fulfilling life.
(224) 442-9961 View (224) 442-9961
Photo of Jennifer Martin Rieck, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Jennifer Martin Rieck
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC, CTMH
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
Clients often come to me because they struggle with anxious or depressive symptoms and don't know how to improve. They are often surprised to learn that underlying these symptoms are often seemingly unrelated beliefs and feelings about relationships - particular relationships and relationships in general - that they didn't even know were there. Often clients believe that there is something "wrong" with them and their mental health, not understanding that with the right language to tell their story they often find that they make perfect sense! In addition to relationships and Schema, I also explore personality, values, and goals.
Clients often come to me because they struggle with anxious or depressive symptoms and don't know how to improve. They are often surprised to learn that underlying these symptoms are often seemingly unrelated beliefs and feelings about relationships - particular relationships and relationships in general - that they didn't even know were there. Often clients believe that there is something "wrong" with them and their mental health, not understanding that with the right language to tell their story they often find that they make perfect sense! In addition to relationships and Schema, I also explore personality, values, and goals.
(224) 207-4117 View (224) 207-4117
Photo of Deb Norton, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Deb Norton
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Libertyville, IL 60048
Are you stuck, depressed, anxious, manic or drinking too much? Are you struggling with your marriage or relationship? I get it. As a Cognitive Behaviorist, I will help you look at things differently, challenge your thoughts and change your perspective. I will be the support system that you need right now. I'm Clinically Licensed and Board Certified. And I have a plethora of experience (personally & professionally). For you, that translates into much better therapy outcomes! And, quite frankly, you deserve that! So give me a call. And check out my 5-star reviews at >www.healthgrades.com< Because choosing a therapist is a big deal!
Are you stuck, depressed, anxious, manic or drinking too much? Are you struggling with your marriage or relationship? I get it. As a Cognitive Behaviorist, I will help you look at things differently, challenge your thoughts and change your perspective. I will be the support system that you need right now. I'm Clinically Licensed and Board Certified. And I have a plethora of experience (personally & professionally). For you, that translates into much better therapy outcomes! And, quite frankly, you deserve that! So give me a call. And check out my 5-star reviews at >www.healthgrades.com< Because choosing a therapist is a big deal!
(224) 406-1474 View (224) 406-1474
Photo of Ianka Pena Geraldino, Pre-Licensed Professional in Libertyville, IL
Ianka Pena Geraldino
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, ALMFT
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
I am bilingual and happy to offer sessions in English or Spanish. I would be honored to hear your story and help you navigate through the challenges that are affecting you. I take care to build a safe and welcoming environment that can facilitate change in your life. I am committed to providing empathy and genuine positive regard for you and working collaboratively toward goals to help you thrive. I work to meet you where you are and tailor interventions to meet your needs and preferences. I offer individual, family, and couples counseling.
I am bilingual and happy to offer sessions in English or Spanish. I would be honored to hear your story and help you navigate through the challenges that are affecting you. I take care to build a safe and welcoming environment that can facilitate change in your life. I am committed to providing empathy and genuine positive regard for you and working collaboratively toward goals to help you thrive. I work to meet you where you are and tailor interventions to meet your needs and preferences. I offer individual, family, and couples counseling.
(847) 696-8065 x11 View (847) 696-8065 x11
Photo of Megan Sayre, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Libertyville, IL
Megan Sayre
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEDS-S, WPATH P
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Libertyville, IL 60048
My strengths include making authentic connections, practicing compassionate accountability, and bringing gentle humor into therapy. I frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Interpersonal Therapy techniques in my sessions. I am a relational therapist and focus on developing clients' strengths while also providing support for clients to stretch beyond their comfort zones. My treatment motto has become "It's through discomfort that we change." I will provide you with the education, compassion and support needed for you to face any fears or discomfort to become a healthier and happier person.
My strengths include making authentic connections, practicing compassionate accountability, and bringing gentle humor into therapy. I frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Interpersonal Therapy techniques in my sessions. I am a relational therapist and focus on developing clients' strengths while also providing support for clients to stretch beyond their comfort zones. My treatment motto has become "It's through discomfort that we change." I will provide you with the education, compassion and support needed for you to face any fears or discomfort to become a healthier and happier person.
(847) 305-3182 View (847) 305-3182
Photo of Carlyn Williams, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Carlyn Williams
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, CGCS, THTC, CCATPCA
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
Not accepting new clients
Hello there! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. My mission is to empower clients to become the best versions of themselves by supporting them in overcoming obstacles and accomplishing their goals. I provide a foundation for clients to become effective communicators, as well as self-confident and self-aware individuals. And hey - we'll have a bit of fun in the process as well!
Hello there! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. My mission is to empower clients to become the best versions of themselves by supporting them in overcoming obstacles and accomplishing their goals. I provide a foundation for clients to become effective communicators, as well as self-confident and self-aware individuals. And hey - we'll have a bit of fun in the process as well!
(224) 504-0851 View (224) 504-0851
Photo of Anuja Gadgil, Pre-Licensed Professional in Libertyville, IL
Anuja Gadgil
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Libertyville, IL 60048
You deserve to find peace and fulfillment in life. Therapy can be a vital support in coping with life’s challenges, whether you are looking for support with strong emotions, navigating difficult situations, or improving how you relate to and connect with others. I aim to provide a supportive and collaborative environment where you feel safe to examine, and challenge, your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. I have experience working with adults, couples, and families on issues related to ADHD, anxiety and mood difficulties, general life stressors, and trauma. I identify as Indian-American and am fluent in Marathi as well.
You deserve to find peace and fulfillment in life. Therapy can be a vital support in coping with life’s challenges, whether you are looking for support with strong emotions, navigating difficult situations, or improving how you relate to and connect with others. I aim to provide a supportive and collaborative environment where you feel safe to examine, and challenge, your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. I have experience working with adults, couples, and families on issues related to ADHD, anxiety and mood difficulties, general life stressors, and trauma. I identify as Indian-American and am fluent in Marathi as well.
(847) 443-9202 View (847) 443-9202
Photo of Libertyville Counseling ltd., Licensed Professional Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Libertyville Counseling ltd.
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Libertyville, IL 60048
Present, connected and committed can be a path forward. It is the way we practice, and the way we serve our clients. At Libertyville Counseling ltd, we help our clients become present and connect to their current problems, pain, struggles, and strengths while committing to creating a life that is important and meaningful to them. Our practice includes a spectrum of counseling professionals who work with clients that are experiencing anxiety or depression that interferes with life, healing from loss, navigating through difficult life transitions or changes, and managing their own behaviors that get in the way of who they want to be.
Present, connected and committed can be a path forward. It is the way we practice, and the way we serve our clients. At Libertyville Counseling ltd, we help our clients become present and connect to their current problems, pain, struggles, and strengths while committing to creating a life that is important and meaningful to them. Our practice includes a spectrum of counseling professionals who work with clients that are experiencing anxiety or depression that interferes with life, healing from loss, navigating through difficult life transitions or changes, and managing their own behaviors that get in the way of who they want to be.
(224) 298-7614 View (224) 298-7614
Photo of Elizabeth Cucci, Psychologist in Libertyville, IL
Elizabeth Cucci
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Libertyville, IL 60048
Whether you're an adolescent or adult facing family/relationship turmoil, identity exploration, mental health challenges, or self-esteem struggles, I'm here to support your journey. Your needs and goals are at the heart of our work together. My goal is to help you develop your understanding, emotional stability, and confidence in navigating life's complexities. You deserve a space where you can find answers, heal wounds, and develop resilience. Together, we'll empower you to build healthier relationships, discover your true self, and achieve the well-being and fulfillment you're striving for.
Whether you're an adolescent or adult facing family/relationship turmoil, identity exploration, mental health challenges, or self-esteem struggles, I'm here to support your journey. Your needs and goals are at the heart of our work together. My goal is to help you develop your understanding, emotional stability, and confidence in navigating life's complexities. You deserve a space where you can find answers, heal wounds, and develop resilience. Together, we'll empower you to build healthier relationships, discover your true self, and achieve the well-being and fulfillment you're striving for.
(224) 223-1683 View (224) 223-1683
Photo of Lydia Schlueter, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Lydia Schlueter
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Libertyville, IL 60048
Life is full of loss, difficult relationships, unmet expectations, and change. Our responses to these experiences can be overwhelming and confusing, leaving us struggling to manage thoughts and emotions, or unable to align our behaviors with our desired path. Each response is truly unique, and can highlight or expand on other challenges in life, such as anxiety, depression, relational problems, and unhealthy coping strategies. No matter the unique experience, all individuals deserve a safe, confidential place to bring these challenges, and specialized care to help them understand, process, and move through their experience.
Life is full of loss, difficult relationships, unmet expectations, and change. Our responses to these experiences can be overwhelming and confusing, leaving us struggling to manage thoughts and emotions, or unable to align our behaviors with our desired path. Each response is truly unique, and can highlight or expand on other challenges in life, such as anxiety, depression, relational problems, and unhealthy coping strategies. No matter the unique experience, all individuals deserve a safe, confidential place to bring these challenges, and specialized care to help them understand, process, and move through their experience.
(224) 501-9491 View (224) 501-9491
Photo of Nancy A Dunsey, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Nancy A Dunsey
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
Being disconnected from yourself or stuck in a joyless existence is not something you must simply endure. The lingering effects of trauma caused by overwhelming events can prevent you from experiencing the present fully or anticipating the future with hope. Imagine living life without the frenzy of distraction, the seduction of escape or the public relations campaign of always being “fine”. How would it feel to no longer be controlled by another person or event? What would it be like to be in relationships without anxiety, fear or intimidation? What if you laughed more, worried less, and interacted with yourself compassionately?
Being disconnected from yourself or stuck in a joyless existence is not something you must simply endure. The lingering effects of trauma caused by overwhelming events can prevent you from experiencing the present fully or anticipating the future with hope. Imagine living life without the frenzy of distraction, the seduction of escape or the public relations campaign of always being “fine”. How would it feel to no longer be controlled by another person or event? What would it be like to be in relationships without anxiety, fear or intimidation? What if you laughed more, worried less, and interacted with yourself compassionately?
(847) 416-8550 View (847) 416-8550
Photo of Sara Luce, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Sara Luce
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
Let's face it - life can be pretty tough sometimes. Work, family, relationships, anxiety, stress... It can be a long list. The positive spin is that you do not need to tackle it all by yourself. Therapy is an excellent place to receive extra support and work towards positive change. My role is to meet you where you're at, help you identify your goals, and start making steps to reach those goals.
Let's face it - life can be pretty tough sometimes. Work, family, relationships, anxiety, stress... It can be a long list. The positive spin is that you do not need to tackle it all by yourself. Therapy is an excellent place to receive extra support and work towards positive change. My role is to meet you where you're at, help you identify your goals, and start making steps to reach those goals.
(847) 558-1755 View (847) 558-1755
Photo of Mary Nallen, Psychologist in Libertyville, IL
Mary Nallen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048  (Online Only)
I have over twenty years of experience providing individual, couples, and family therapy. My specialties include depression/mood disorders, anxiety disorders, grief and loss, trauma, self-esteem issues, stress and anger management. I also specialize in working with couples and families for issues related to separation/divorce, communication difficulties, conflict resolution, parenting issues and relationship growth and enrichment.
I have over twenty years of experience providing individual, couples, and family therapy. My specialties include depression/mood disorders, anxiety disorders, grief and loss, trauma, self-esteem issues, stress and anger management. I also specialize in working with couples and families for issues related to separation/divorce, communication difficulties, conflict resolution, parenting issues and relationship growth and enrichment.
(224) 231-6941 View (224) 231-6941
Photo of Alli Smith, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Alli Smith
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Libertyville, IL 60048
The journey of life is not always easy. Personal struggles, relationship challenges, unexpected circumstances, and other obstacles can get in the way of who and where we hope to be. When faced with challenges, the possibility of change can be hard to see, but where there is challenge there is potential: potential for hope, growth, and a more fulfilling life. As a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, my aim is to meet individuals wherever they are and help guide them in the process towards satisfying change.
The journey of life is not always easy. Personal struggles, relationship challenges, unexpected circumstances, and other obstacles can get in the way of who and where we hope to be. When faced with challenges, the possibility of change can be hard to see, but where there is challenge there is potential: potential for hope, growth, and a more fulfilling life. As a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, my aim is to meet individuals wherever they are and help guide them in the process towards satisfying change.
(844) 328-9154 View (844) 328-9154

See more therapy options for Libertyville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Libertyville, IL

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Libertyville, IL who prioritize treating:

99% Anxiety
93% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
67% Grief
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

98% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Libertyville, IL see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Libertyville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.