Psychodynamic Therapists in Auckland

Photo of Sian Haydon, Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Sian Haydon
Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 1021
My approach is integrative psychodynamic psychotherapy.
In times of challenge, change, or feeling stuck I can offer you a place of solace and support, and the opportunity for self expression and new discoveries. Our work together will reflect the unique person that you are and your goals for therapy. As my experience is in mental health settings and at Auckland Hospital (immunology department), I believe that therapy can help both the mind and body and support overall wellbeing. And, in time, enable people to live a life that is more purposeful, creative and true to them.
My approach is integrative psychodynamic psychotherapy.
In times of challenge, change, or feeling stuck I can offer you a place of solace and support, and the opportunity for self expression and new discoveries. Our work together will reflect the unique person that you are and your goals for therapy. As my experience is in mental health settings and at Auckland Hospital (immunology department), I believe that therapy can help both the mind and body and support overall wellbeing. And, in time, enable people to live a life that is more purposeful, creative and true to them.
0800 627 004 x39 View 0800 627 004 x39
Photo of Dana Chue, Psychotherapist, MA, PBANZ
Dana Chue
Psychotherapist, MA, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 1024
I am trained as a psychodynamic psychotherapist, with an emphasis on relational psychotherapy.
Doing so affords you the opportunity to respond to life differently. It is time to gain more insight and control of your automatic responses and lead a more authentic and fulfilled life of your choosing. Bring yourself as you are, let’s begin to shed some light on ’those parts’ that you have felt you needed to tuck away in the dark.
I am trained as a psychodynamic psychotherapist, with an emphasis on relational psychotherapy.
Doing so affords you the opportunity to respond to life differently. It is time to gain more insight and control of your automatic responses and lead a more authentic and fulfilled life of your choosing. Bring yourself as you are, let’s begin to shed some light on ’those parts’ that you have felt you needed to tuck away in the dark.
0800 451 540 x44 View 0800 451 540 x44
Photo of Krysia Lanigan, Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Krysia Lanigan
Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 0622
As a psychodynamic psychotherapist, I believe that our early experiences and relationships continue to shape how we feel about ourselves, and how we relate in the world.
I offer a warm, accepting, and confidential space where you feel listened to. I have experience helping a diverse range of people with challenges that impact how they feel and their quality of life - including feeling stuck and disconnected, life changes, loss, and identity struggles, as well as people who identify as highly sensitive or neurodiverse. Psychotherapy helps us explore why we feel, think and respond the way we do. It can help us understand ourselves and patterns, discover new perspectives, recognise and manage our emotions, and can help us accept things we can't change.
As a psychodynamic psychotherapist, I believe that our early experiences and relationships continue to shape how we feel about ourselves, and how we relate in the world.
I offer a warm, accepting, and confidential space where you feel listened to. I have experience helping a diverse range of people with challenges that impact how they feel and their quality of life - including feeling stuck and disconnected, life changes, loss, and identity struggles, as well as people who identify as highly sensitive or neurodiverse. Psychotherapy helps us explore why we feel, think and respond the way we do. It can help us understand ourselves and patterns, discover new perspectives, recognise and manage our emotions, and can help us accept things we can't change.
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Photo of Julie Karen Butler, Psychotherapist, MSc, PBANZ
Julie Karen Butler
Psychotherapist, MSc, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 2012
My clinical background is in Psychodynamic psychotherapy with emphasis on Attachment theory and human development across the life span.
I mostly utilise Attachment and EMDR-informed approaches in my practice with all ages and presentations. When working with parents or when a family based treatment is indicated, I often draw on the following models: COS -P (Circle of security parenting) and MBT (Mentalisation based therapy).
My clinical background is in Psychodynamic psychotherapy with emphasis on Attachment theory and human development across the life span.
I mostly utilise Attachment and EMDR-informed approaches in my practice with all ages and presentations. When working with parents or when a family based treatment is indicated, I often draw on the following models: COS -P (Circle of security parenting) and MBT (Mentalisation based therapy).
0800 627 003 x39 View 0800 627 003 x39
Photo of Sophie Buxton - Good Vibrations Therapy
Good Vibrations Therapy
Verified Verified
Auckland 0622
I have training in psychodynamic psychotherapy and multimodal therapy called Guided Imagery and Music (GIM).
I provide a unique approach that incorporates music and talk therapy. Guided Imagery and Music therapy helps connect us to our unconscious feelings and emotions, which we may struggle to put into words.
I have training in psychodynamic psychotherapy and multimodal therapy called Guided Imagery and Music (GIM).
I provide a unique approach that incorporates music and talk therapy. Guided Imagery and Music therapy helps connect us to our unconscious feelings and emotions, which we may struggle to put into words.
0800 627 024 x22 View 0800 627 024 x22
Photo of Lesley Gamlen, Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Lesley Gamlen
Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Auckland 1051
I work in a psychodynamic and relational way.
Kia ora. Do you want to talk about your concerns? Thinking about making changes? Looking for a safe and accepting environment? I provide an opportunity for you to discuss your life openly, and to consider the influences of your thoughts and experiences with curiosity. You will explore new strategies, shape your ways of coping, and make choices about the direction you want your life to develop. During therapy, I encourage exploring ways to make sense of your life, past, present and future. Anyone can benefit from exploring and having more awareness of who they are. Knowing ourselves with love and respect enhances life immeasurably.
I work in a psychodynamic and relational way.
Kia ora. Do you want to talk about your concerns? Thinking about making changes? Looking for a safe and accepting environment? I provide an opportunity for you to discuss your life openly, and to consider the influences of your thoughts and experiences with curiosity. You will explore new strategies, shape your ways of coping, and make choices about the direction you want your life to develop. During therapy, I encourage exploring ways to make sense of your life, past, present and future. Anyone can benefit from exploring and having more awareness of who they are. Knowing ourselves with love and respect enhances life immeasurably.
0800 451 520 x37 View 0800 451 520 x37
Photo of Tammy Dickinson, Psychotherapist, MPsych, PBANZ
Tammy Dickinson
Psychotherapist, MPsych, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 1011
I practice relationally and draw on psychodynamic approaches and approaches to support improved mental wellbeing.
I provide clients with a warm, open, non-judgmental space to collaboratively explore life experiences. I have experience in working with anxiety, depression and other mental health challenges. Sessions are confidential and will focus on addressing your evolving needs to help improve your wellbeing. Whether you are new to therapy and wondering if it will help, or have previously been in therapy, deciding to reach out to a therapist can feel intimidating. The first conversation can often feel like the hardest, yet taking first steps towards improving mental wellbeing, relief from distress and hope.
I practice relationally and draw on psychodynamic approaches and approaches to support improved mental wellbeing.
I provide clients with a warm, open, non-judgmental space to collaboratively explore life experiences. I have experience in working with anxiety, depression and other mental health challenges. Sessions are confidential and will focus on addressing your evolving needs to help improve your wellbeing. Whether you are new to therapy and wondering if it will help, or have previously been in therapy, deciding to reach out to a therapist can feel intimidating. The first conversation can often feel like the hardest, yet taking first steps towards improving mental wellbeing, relief from distress and hope.
0800 447 264 x66 View 0800 447 264 x66
Photo of Gaby Suhl, Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Gaby Suhl
Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Auckland 0632
My approach is rooted in psychodynamic psychotherapy, which focuses on understanding the deeper, often unconscious factors that shape your thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.
Life’s challenges can often feel overwhelming, and navigating them alone can be difficult. Taking the first step to seek support is one of the hardest parts of the journey, and I deeply acknowledge the courage it takes to reach out. I’m here to provide a compassionate and welcoming space where you can explore your emotions, process past experiences, and discover meaningful ways to move forward. I believe the therapeutic relationship is at the heart of healing and growth. That’s why I prioritise creating an environment built on trust, openness, and respect—one where you feel supported as we work together toward meaningful change.
My approach is rooted in psychodynamic psychotherapy, which focuses on understanding the deeper, often unconscious factors that shape your thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.
Life’s challenges can often feel overwhelming, and navigating them alone can be difficult. Taking the first step to seek support is one of the hardest parts of the journey, and I deeply acknowledge the courage it takes to reach out. I’m here to provide a compassionate and welcoming space where you can explore your emotions, process past experiences, and discover meaningful ways to move forward. I believe the therapeutic relationship is at the heart of healing and growth. That’s why I prioritise creating an environment built on trust, openness, and respect—one where you feel supported as we work together toward meaningful change.
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Photo of Teressa Hoon, Psychotherapist, MPsych, PBANZ
Teressa Hoon
Psychotherapist, MPsych, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 1050
I am trained in relational psychodynamic psychotherapy.
I provide short to long-term psychotherapy treatment to adults (18 years/older). I have special interest in depression, anxiety, high sensitivity trait, life transition, grief/loss, trauma, self-esteem issues and migration. I work collaboratively with my clients to find more clarity and confidence in navigating their challenges. I offer them a safe space to work things through with the primary aim of empowering them to discover their inner roadmap to healing. In my practice, I strive to help my clients to foster a positive connection with themselves, and to tap into their unique strengths to overcome their difficulties.
I am trained in relational psychodynamic psychotherapy.
I provide short to long-term psychotherapy treatment to adults (18 years/older). I have special interest in depression, anxiety, high sensitivity trait, life transition, grief/loss, trauma, self-esteem issues and migration. I work collaboratively with my clients to find more clarity and confidence in navigating their challenges. I offer them a safe space to work things through with the primary aim of empowering them to discover their inner roadmap to healing. In my practice, I strive to help my clients to foster a positive connection with themselves, and to tap into their unique strengths to overcome their difficulties.
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Photo of Catia Batalha, Psychotherapist, MA, PBANZ
Catia Batalha
Psychotherapist, MA, PBANZ
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Auckland 0632
My approach integrates the scientific foundations of Western psychology—including psychodynamic & transpersonal perspectives—with the wisdom of Eastern and Indigenous traditions, such as Yoga philosophy & mindfulness.
I am here to assist you in connecting with your inner source of wisdom, unlocking your full potential across multiple dimensions of life—physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual—and overcoming the barriers that may be limiting you, including conditioning, harmful belief systems, distorted perceptions, and past traumas.
My approach integrates the scientific foundations of Western psychology—including psychodynamic & transpersonal perspectives—with the wisdom of Eastern and Indigenous traditions, such as Yoga philosophy & mindfulness.
I am here to assist you in connecting with your inner source of wisdom, unlocking your full potential across multiple dimensions of life—physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual—and overcoming the barriers that may be limiting you, including conditioning, harmful belief systems, distorted perceptions, and past traumas.
0800 447 359 x82 View 0800 447 359 x82
Photo of Helen Ann Clack - Sarasi Clack, Counsellor
Sarasi Clack
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Auckland 1071
I use a blended approach of psychodynamic exploration of how we have arrived at this point, along side CBT, behavioural skills and EMDR to help address the areas that you want to change.
I'm a therapist and registered mental health nurse. I enjoy working with individuals struggling to manage all the complex emotions of life. This may be a long standing issue or a recent significant event. It doesn't matter how large or small, even if you aren't sure what needs to change. The foundation of my work is collaborative, led by your needs, emphasising self compassion and body awareness based on my mindfulness practice and teaching through www.mindfulnessaotearoa.com. This compliments my DBT, CBT and EMDR training.
I use a blended approach of psychodynamic exploration of how we have arrived at this point, along side CBT, behavioural skills and EMDR to help address the areas that you want to change.
I'm a therapist and registered mental health nurse. I enjoy working with individuals struggling to manage all the complex emotions of life. This may be a long standing issue or a recent significant event. It doesn't matter how large or small, even if you aren't sure what needs to change. The foundation of my work is collaborative, led by your needs, emphasising self compassion and body awareness based on my mindfulness practice and teaching through www.mindfulnessaotearoa.com. This compliments my DBT, CBT and EMDR training.
0800 451 540 x12 View 0800 451 540 x12
Photo of Anoushka Mohammed, Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Anoushka Mohammed
Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 1051
I offer short-term counselling and longer-term psychotherapy, and use an integrative approach including both psychodynamic and Dialectical Behavioural Treatment (DBT) therapies.
I have over twenty years experience as a psychotherapist, and offer compassionate and personalised support to people seeking to improve their well-being, and make important changes in their lives. I have worked both in the public sector (Eating Disorders, Segar House: Personality Disorders and Trauma, and Marinoto: Adolescent mental health) and in private practice. Areas of special interest are Anxiety, Depression, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Trauma, Eating Disorders, late adolescent mental health, and Immigration.
I offer short-term counselling and longer-term psychotherapy, and use an integrative approach including both psychodynamic and Dialectical Behavioural Treatment (DBT) therapies.
I have over twenty years experience as a psychotherapist, and offer compassionate and personalised support to people seeking to improve their well-being, and make important changes in their lives. I have worked both in the public sector (Eating Disorders, Segar House: Personality Disorders and Trauma, and Marinoto: Adolescent mental health) and in private practice. Areas of special interest are Anxiety, Depression, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Trauma, Eating Disorders, late adolescent mental health, and Immigration.
0800 468 212 x48 View 0800 468 212 x48
Photo of Dr. Ursula Bach, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Ursula Bach
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Auckland 1061
Waitlist for new clients
I use attachment, psychodynamic, systemic, and strengths-based approaches to understand problems.
Reasons to engage in therapy are vast: a 'breakdown', difficult relationships, trauma, overwhelmed with life, simply wanting someone to listen, feeling like you’re going 'crazy'! It's ironic, then that making the decision to start therapy represents mental clarity, openness, and bravery. I feel privileged to be part of my client's therapy journey towards living a more authentic, connected, and fulfilled life. I warmly invited you to take the first brave step. With evidence-based modalities & years of clinical experience across diverse issues & levels of complexities, my approach is tailored, empathetic, and supports lasting change.
I use attachment, psychodynamic, systemic, and strengths-based approaches to understand problems.
Reasons to engage in therapy are vast: a 'breakdown', difficult relationships, trauma, overwhelmed with life, simply wanting someone to listen, feeling like you’re going 'crazy'! It's ironic, then that making the decision to start therapy represents mental clarity, openness, and bravery. I feel privileged to be part of my client's therapy journey towards living a more authentic, connected, and fulfilled life. I warmly invited you to take the first brave step. With evidence-based modalities & years of clinical experience across diverse issues & levels of complexities, my approach is tailored, empathetic, and supports lasting change.
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Photo of Brian Hughes, Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Brian Hughes
Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 0632
If you want lasting change rather than a temporary fix, and accept that meaningful change takes time, the psychodynamic psychotherapy I offer is worthwhile.
Anxiety can manifest as nervousness, racing heart, dread, worrying, low sex drive, sleep struggles, panic attacks, or stress. Depression may involve persistent low mood, hopelessness, numbness, guilt, irritability, isolation, suicidal thoughts, confusion, or increased substance use. Relationships with partners, family, or colleagues may bring challenges in communication, emotional conflict, trust, intimacy, or break-ups. New skills can reduce symptoms and improve relationships. But long-lasting change and new choices in life requires better understanding yourself and addressing the root cause of your issues, even if it takes time.
If you want lasting change rather than a temporary fix, and accept that meaningful change takes time, the psychodynamic psychotherapy I offer is worthwhile.
Anxiety can manifest as nervousness, racing heart, dread, worrying, low sex drive, sleep struggles, panic attacks, or stress. Depression may involve persistent low mood, hopelessness, numbness, guilt, irritability, isolation, suicidal thoughts, confusion, or increased substance use. Relationships with partners, family, or colleagues may bring challenges in communication, emotional conflict, trust, intimacy, or break-ups. New skills can reduce symptoms and improve relationships. But long-lasting change and new choices in life requires better understanding yourself and addressing the root cause of your issues, even if it takes time.
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Photo of Bede Maclaurin, Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Bede Maclaurin
Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Auckland 1010
Psychodynamic psychotherapy can provide time, space, and safety to understand what we need to heal and flourish.
Past experience: Health Improvement Practitioner (HIP) in Ōtara, Counties Manukau. Located in GP clinics, this role provides behavioral interventions to whaiora seeking support with managing a wide range of physical and mental health concerns. Previously I have worked as an AOD clinician in residential rehab, working with severe trauma and AOD recovery.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy can provide time, space, and safety to understand what we need to heal and flourish.
Past experience: Health Improvement Practitioner (HIP) in Ōtara, Counties Manukau. Located in GP clinics, this role provides behavioral interventions to whaiora seeking support with managing a wide range of physical and mental health concerns. Previously I have worked as an AOD clinician in residential rehab, working with severe trauma and AOD recovery.
0274 648 375 View 0274 648 375
Photo of Nicki Judkins
Nicki Judkins
Verified Verified
Auckland 1021
My training is in psychodynamic psychotherapy, which looks at the way thoughts, feelings and behaviours we’re often not even aware of can cause problems in our lives.
Understanding where these came from, why they were helpful once but may not be any more, can help us know ourselves better and make positive changes. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, burnout, insomnia, chronic fatigue and pain sydromes, parenting, menopause, midlife change, grief, divorce, sexuality and queer and gender identity issues.
My training is in psychodynamic psychotherapy, which looks at the way thoughts, feelings and behaviours we’re often not even aware of can cause problems in our lives.
Understanding where these came from, why they were helpful once but may not be any more, can help us know ourselves better and make positive changes. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, burnout, insomnia, chronic fatigue and pain sydromes, parenting, menopause, midlife change, grief, divorce, sexuality and queer and gender identity issues.
0800 451 540 x25 View 0800 451 540 x25
Photo of Elie Yoo, Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Elie Yoo
Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 1021
I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist; I seek to bring who I am into the room and to work relationally with you.
I am curious to hear about what has brought you to this search for a therapist. Whether it be depression, anxiety, self-identity, self-esteem, or relationship issues – I believe that what can be found in our innermost being is worth all our courageous attention and love. Even the darkest emotions related to sorrow, pain, and suffering – can offer a gift of growth – once felt, explored, grieved, and understood better. I have worked with persons from various cultural and ethnic backgrounds, supporting people with allergies, chronic illness/pain, disability, depression, anxiety, relational/childhood trauma in hospital/clinic settings.
I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist; I seek to bring who I am into the room and to work relationally with you.
I am curious to hear about what has brought you to this search for a therapist. Whether it be depression, anxiety, self-identity, self-esteem, or relationship issues – I believe that what can be found in our innermost being is worth all our courageous attention and love. Even the darkest emotions related to sorrow, pain, and suffering – can offer a gift of growth – once felt, explored, grieved, and understood better. I have worked with persons from various cultural and ethnic backgrounds, supporting people with allergies, chronic illness/pain, disability, depression, anxiety, relational/childhood trauma in hospital/clinic settings.
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Photo of Kyle MacDonald, Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Kyle MacDonald
Psychotherapist, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Auckland 1051
I'm trained in both behavioural and psychodynamic therapies, including Dialectical Behaviour Therapy or “DBT.
Hi there, I've worked in mental health, addiction, domestic violence and specialist psychotherapy programmes. I am the regular co-host of NewstalkZB’s Mental Health awareness show “The Nutters Club” and have written extensively for the New Zealand Herald. I have held a number of professional roles and is currently serving on the Psychotherapists Board of Aotearoa New Zealand (PBANZ), and was the NZAP representative on the ACC Sensitive Claims Advisory Group (SCAG) from 2010 until 2014. He was also on the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists National Council as convener of Public Issues from 2012 – 2016.
I'm trained in both behavioural and psychodynamic therapies, including Dialectical Behaviour Therapy or “DBT.
Hi there, I've worked in mental health, addiction, domestic violence and specialist psychotherapy programmes. I am the regular co-host of NewstalkZB’s Mental Health awareness show “The Nutters Club” and have written extensively for the New Zealand Herald. I have held a number of professional roles and is currently serving on the Psychotherapists Board of Aotearoa New Zealand (PBANZ), and was the NZAP representative on the ACC Sensitive Claims Advisory Group (SCAG) from 2010 until 2014. He was also on the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists National Council as convener of Public Issues from 2012 – 2016.
0800 447 264 x58 View 0800 447 264 x58
Photo of Tanisha Hartigan-Ripp - The Global Therapy Room, Counsellor, MA, AThR
The Global Therapy Room
Counsellor, MA, AThR
Verified Verified
Auckland 1052
My work uses tools and skills covering a range of psychodynamic and integrative practices; ACT, Play & Creative Therapy modalities and behavioural methods, such as DBT and CBT.
As a Woman Of Colour and BIPOC therapist, I aim to continue uncomfortable conversations about race, marginalized groups, and cultural trauma - brought on by systemic/historical injustices, discrimination, colonialism and racial hierarchy. Many clients use this space to voice thoughts and feelings, finding resolve where not found in general society.
My work uses tools and skills covering a range of psychodynamic and integrative practices; ACT, Play & Creative Therapy modalities and behavioural methods, such as DBT and CBT.
As a Woman Of Colour and BIPOC therapist, I aim to continue uncomfortable conversations about race, marginalized groups, and cultural trauma - brought on by systemic/historical injustices, discrimination, colonialism and racial hierarchy. Many clients use this space to voice thoughts and feelings, finding resolve where not found in general society.
0800 468 212 x78 View 0800 468 212 x78
Photo of Ria Adams, Counsellor, NZAC - Provisional
Ria Adams
Counsellor, NZAC - Provisional
Verified Verified
Auckland 1052
Talking Therapy, narrative, psychodynamic , somatic and expressive art /movement approaches are regularly integrated within in my practice.
I work with individuals and couples who are going through challenges with their emotions, communication, mental health and general sense of wellbeing. This may include issues with anxiety, stress, grief, low mood, depression and relationships. I am experienced in working with trauma related issues such as ptsd, sexual harm and interpersonal abuse.
Talking Therapy, narrative, psychodynamic , somatic and expressive art /movement approaches are regularly integrated within in my practice.
I work with individuals and couples who are going through challenges with their emotions, communication, mental health and general sense of wellbeing. This may include issues with anxiety, stress, grief, low mood, depression and relationships. I am experienced in working with trauma related issues such as ptsd, sexual harm and interpersonal abuse.
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Psychodynamic Counsellors

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.