It's nice to see that you've come on board. Have fun!
GS
Dreams have been described as dress rehearsals for real life, opportunities to gratify wishes, and a form of nocturnal therapy. A new theory aims to make sense of it all.
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Ever wondered if someone you're attracted to likes you or not, whether someone is your friend or foe, or whether your employees respect you? There's an easy way to find out... try to make them laugh. If the laughter comes easy, the answer is likely yes. If it doesn't, the answer is likely no.
In my bachelor days, I spent many years slowly learning about the ins and outs of the mating market. Somewhere along the way, I noticed one fairly consistent dynamic: whenever a woman I recently met would say "You're really funny!" she would always be up for going out with me. In contrast, if I asked someone out who had not laughed at my ever-so-witty remarks, I would often hear about a mysterious boyfriend or busy schedule.
In my first corporate job, I was working on a project team for a few months where I didn't really like my two supervisors all that much. Although I never explicitly told them that, I may have nonetheless communicated my disdain: I didn't laugh at their jokes. To me, they were mostly lame, sometimes offensive. However, the other guys on the project team would always laugh as if the supervisors were highly skilled entertainers. The implications became clear on the day that we all received our performance reviews. While those other guys were smiling at their glowing reviews, I was left wondering whether my subpar appraisal might've been better had I laughed at any of those jokes.
Many years later in grad school (my advisor was Prof. Douglas Kenrick—now, there's a truly funny guy), I transformed these and many related observations into a psychological theory on humor. I proposed that humor may have evolved as a way to indicate interest in potential and existing relationships with romantic partners, friends, allies, family members, etc. That is, people initiate humor and gauge the reaction in order to test the social waters. And, just as you're more likely to dab your foot into the pool if you're actually contemplating a swim, you are more likely to be interested in some kind of relationship with a person if you initiate any kind of humor towards them. If the other person is also interested, they should be more likely to perceive you as humorous and respond favorably (laugh), even if you're objectively not all that funny. However, if they're really not interested, then they probably won't find humor in what you say, even if it's your best material.
When we meet new people, it may take a while to figure out whether a relationship (of any kind) is desirable. By initiating humor and responding to it, we can indicate the direction of our interest a little at a time. Similarly, for ongoing relationships, people may have a need to monitor how the relationships are going. Humorous exchange among existing partners or friends allows people to indicate whether they are satisfied or aligned with each other. For example, while working on this theory back in 2002, I noticed one day that my romantic partner was no longer laughing at some of the silly little things that I said or did that used to make her laugh. I told her all about the theory but she insisted that her lack of laughter had nothing to do with dissatisfaction—she was just worried about other things. Well, a few months later, the relationship crumbled: we separated and never got back together. It turns out that the time when she started not laughing at my jokes was exactly when she started confiding in others.
Humor may serve many functions, but the "interest indicator" theory says that an important one is to indicate relationship interest, whether among potential or ongoing mates, friends, and allies, or among family members. In this way, a humorous exchange feels good because it indicates that the people who we like also like us. On the flipside, a failed humor attempt can sting not necessarily because our joke is being rejected but because we are being rejected.
My colleagues and I ran three studies to test this theory in the mating domain (Li, Griskevicius, Durante, Jonason, Pasisz, & Aumer, 2009). Take a look for more details or listen here. In the meantime, take notice of who makes you laugh and who you are able to make laugh. Just as importantly, beware of those who aren't laughing.
It's nice to see that you've come on board. Have fun!
GS
Good to hear from you -- thanks!
Is that 'the' Dr. Gad Saad?
If so it's an honour and privilege to share a platform with you, no matter how small or inconsequential the platform or my role on it is.
You are doing a great public service to not only North America, but Western Civilisation itself, so by default the world. No hyperbole. You did a talk about ~the death of the West by a thousand cuts~. Well Newtonian physics shows us that we need to save the West by a thousand reasoned, logical arguments articulated well enough to be complex and truthful, yet concise and easy to understand for the cognitively impaired and/or the ideologically possessed.
You have been one of the few from academia, which is the factory of ideas in our culture, to do this with success, grace and, importantly, humour. Humour is often overlooked as a tool for disabling even the most entrenched in their destructive belief systems.
Keep up the good work as you and Dr JP are the only ones cutting through the acedemic bubble and reaching a diverse and engaged audience (possibly Dr Haidt, but he isn't as accessible as you and Jordan.).
Ps. Which of Jungs books would you recommend to read first? I am on a journey and have familiarised myself with his work but am yet to actually read his books cover to cover, only extracts and short pieces/essays etc. I know your an evolutionary psychology with emphasis aon consumerism from a Darwinian perspective (is that close, off the top of my head!) but I need a solid grounding in the core texts before I divert to a specific specialised area of deeper inquiry and research. ( I tried to keep this short but so many questions and admiration to put to you)
Thanks, Howard Cartmell
So you dint like him, or what are you trying to tell us?
I like your post. Makes a whole lot of sense.
This concept makes me think of the pretty girl at the bar who says something that may not even have intended to be funny, yet the guys crack up.
Can I sue you if I try some humorous jokes at the few females that has my attention, yet they DON'T want to go out with me. [oh, they laugh! ... but no chance for me ... still]
There is a difference between, "you know this guy is funny I like him, and, you know this guy is funny and I like him that much he could take me on a date".
Unfortunately, laughter is just an indication of a potentially open door. The rest is up to you!
Mr Norman Li, all I can say is that this a great article! When I don't like someone my tendency is to ignore them. When that someone cracks up a joke it is like, "ah okay that sure is crappy" inside my mind. Also, in one situation in my English class we had a group work. I told a joke that made almost everyone laugh except for one of my classmate guy. Then I discovered we share same thing for one of our girl classmate. Makes perfect sense now. He doesn't say anything to me nor spoken with me and I'm not that vampire guy that reads someone else mind but his body language tells me many things. PT rocks! it has been teaching me many things that most people don't even bother to tap. PT significantly changed my life. I am applying to my life amazing ideas only found in here. Keep up the good work!
Good luck with that girl!!
After on the PT blog page, the first thing I clicked on was your article in the "Most Popular" box without even seeing you'd written it... who would have known that I'd be interested in a study I helped run :). Yay Li Lab! I'm looking forward to reading more of your posts!
Glad to hear from you, hope all's well!
this is true. I have noticed it in myself. As soon as I stop liking a person I no longer find them funny. And I vaguly assumed the same if no one laughed at me. Now I know it could be true.
however the fact that some people fake laugh out of politness at times should also be noted.
Yes, this very important. And I doubt many people can tell difference between a fake and genuine laugh (including myself).
I had proposed a study on faked laughter but haven't gotten around to it yet. Despite being forced, fake laughter still indicates some interest/acceptance...
I found this article to be really humorous and I laughed throughout the whole thing... ;) ;) All jokes aside, this article is really interesting. Thanks for the article and welcome to PT!
I can see how this could be true in theory, but it does not apply to my life. I am a teen girl. I don't crack jokes all day long, but people always tell me that I am funny. My sense of humor is corny, silly, and witty, but never mean. However, while guys and girls laugh at my jokes equally, i tend to be friends with every girl i meet whereas almost all guys who go to my school do not like me (as a person). Additionally there are some people i know who have a mean sense of humor because they are mean people, and while their jokes are often funny and make me laugh, i do not like them as people and i choose not to associate with them.
This is a great point.. I also sometimes laugh at peoples jokes though I do not like them.. however, this article is a good litmus test to check relationship..
My personal theory is that the more comfortable we are with people the more "offensive" our jokes will be because we're testing how much they like us. If we can get away with some really grotesque humor, we know they really like us. Meanwhile if they're taking offense at lame puns then we know they don't like us much at all.
Just a thought...
Very good point! I think we do feel out how exactly others like and agree with us by pushing those boundaries...
There is a person I dislike intensely but I remember one instant when she cracked a joke and I laughed out loud!!
So your theory does not hold true for everybody. I've noticed that when I am feeling happy and positive I laugh more easily even if the subject is not that funny!!
Makes sense that when we're in a good mood, we're more apt to befriend others, so we find more things funny than if we were feeling down.
After you laughed out loud from her joke, did you hold back from laughing further?
No, I did not and I still laugh and talk with her (family member) - why should I give her the power over my way of being? And this is a person who if she moved to another planet I would not mind in the least :-))
In the particular caase of a family member, there could be some Kin selection involved, one of the main principles that Hamilton talk about of being responsable of our social conducts. That being said, you may not like that person but still you have to mantain some relationship with her cause the family bond.
I just started myself to write a blog here devoted to humor. My recent post describes my recent paper with Geoffrey Miller that takes a slightly different take on the evolve mechanism of humor, from sexual selection perspective. You can find it here:
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/humor-sapiens/201105/laughing-all-the-way-the-bedroom
Hi Gil,
Good to hear from you. Nice paper -- ultimately, I think the 2 perspectives are compatible.
looking forwards to your posts.
Norman, I like this post, this is a real nugget of social advice - I think we laugh most when we feel most at ease, and that's when we're with people we feel affinity with and under no pressure - like we fell accepted. When someone doesn't laugh I do pick up an uncomfortable signal that this person is rejecting me but let's face it, not everyone is going to like us. However, you certainly can increase your popularity by laughing at others' jokes even if only politely. They in turn will pick up the message that you are being polite but they will be secretly pleased that you are making an effort and the beginnings of a relationship are being gently laid. It's like a rally in tennis - you receive and give the ball.
Regarding your supervisors - didn't you get the message within yourself that you were in the wrong job? When you dislike people in a work situation quit - you have to hang round people you can laugh with to be happy and get the most out of life. And when you want something real bad, you laugh, otherwise you're out!
Louise, thanks for the comment. Yes, I did realize I was in the wrong job, found another one or 2 and eventually, changed careers!
What if you laugh at something that wasn't meant to be funny? What if the "joke" goes over you're head? We could get into all kinds of cultural implications for humor.
I grew up pretty sheltered and I was never one to laugh out loud. Sometimes I still get self-conscious when I laugh, so sometimes I don't, whether I am inside or not. I try to smile or give some kind of positive "you're funny" feedback, like banter but I'm not very good at that either. The result: I've been told I appear "too cool" or even cold...Nice. Well, I guess in a way I am if I can't express what they're looking for and their ego goes hungry so I am therefore not desirable company. There we have it. Me being too suppressed to open up and laugh makes others feel unliked.
Hm.
Revealing. Guess I should try to smile more.
Being shy protects us from potential social evaluation and rejection. It may not be easy but if you can try to see the humor in what others say, it will eventually become easier to be more smiley. :)
It is true about humor being used to test the boundaries of a relationship. If a friend makes a joke about something that once hurt you, yet it still somehow manages to be funny and you both laugh, it's like you're both finally admitting you're over it and you both know.
Also if you are not pleased with a friend, you stop laughing at his jokes. Then when he notices his jokes aren't have any sucess, it even makes his jokes worse, as in really not funny. He knows you're upset with him.
I read somewhere (women authors seem to notice these things) that, if a joke is told in a group situation, people who like each other make eye contact.
Great article!
What about the stifling of laughter when a person you like makes an idiot out of themselves? One might laugh at someone that slips on a banana peel because one cannot believe it just happened. If one likes them one might apologize for laughing and help the humiliated party. If one wants to show dislike, one might just keep laughing.
I guess the same might go for when a joke is made at ones expense. Who doesn't laugh? Who laughs and then is apologetic? Who just laughs with no mercy? I think this articles clearly about reactions to intentional humour, but reactions to unintentional or aggressive humour might be an interesting angle.
Someone that I trust and respect can make a joke at my expense and I'll genuinely laugh myself silly. My wife is a master at this, and I love sharing her jokes with other people I feel comfortable with.
Someone I do NOT trust could make the exact same comment, and I would have a very different reaction.
For me, genuine humor has a lot to do with vulnerability. When I laugh with someone, I feel like we're dropping our social masks and behaving in a spontaneous and honest way. I feel safe with them, and I'm deeply touched that they feel safe with me.
Change it to a toxic context, and vulnerability is the last thing I'm going to offer them.
Very interesting article. I'm a teacher and I notice that some classes laugh more than others at my consistenly hilarious jokes. While some kids enjoy me and my humor,there are definitely some sociological factors that come into play. Some don't like me or find me funny but laugh along with the others so as not to stick out. I completely agree that we try to push the envelope with some jokes in order to see what lies behind the facade that most people adopt in order to navigate unsure waters.
I incorporated laughter into interviewing in the '70s, jokingly called the "Humor Intelligence Response Evaluation". As hard core techies and punsters we would ad lib technical jokes to candidates during the interview.
If they did not laugh, either they did not know the material, were not comfortable with their qualification or had no sense of humor - and were therefore not someone we wanted to work with.
It proved more accurate than credentials, experience or testimonials; and further much quicker and painless.
It is important to set up a collegial atmosphere so that normal nervousness over seeking a job, meeting new people and being in a strange environment is eliminated as a variable.
In today's world credentials, experience and references are even less meaningful because negative evaluations are illegal! There is probably a window to use H.I.R.E. before the lawyers oppose it.
My boyfriend and I laugh all the time, but mostly he just laughs at my pain. What does this mean?!
Okay but in all seriousness, he never laughs harder than when he teases me, does something random to annoy me, or when I get scared from tv shows etc. What the flip!!!
Thoughts?
What a great article! And so true too. I never get any laughs (and never get something else either...) So if you increase your sense of humor and learn new jokes, you stand a better chance of attracting new mates or are their minds hard-wired so even if you became funnier you'd still be unlikely to make any gains?
Social exchange is always a two way street. It's not just about who you are, but it's also about who the other person is. This one girl that I know used to laugh at everything that I said. At first I thought there was a spark between us, as it turns out she laughed at everything other people said to her too!
my first girlfriend... used to laugh at all my jokes until she stopped then we split...
is it ok if i ask you your ex's birthday...i have been trying to find a relationship to people and their birthday...
hope u guys cite cann et al. 1997 ! they did basically the same thing 14 years ago...
Cann, Calhoun, and Banks. 1997. On the role of humor appreciation in interpersonal attraction: It's no joking matter. Humor.
That paper, published in a very specialized journal, looked at how similarity of attitudes relates to humor appreciation. Like any other study in humor, it is related at some level. Our 2009 paper, published in Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, reviews the social and evolutionary psychological literature and presents a theory of humor as an alternative to a sexual selection perspective.
What about when someone is laughing at you? They don't think the jokes are funny, more preposterous. I went on a date and I laughed at what the guy said but I didn't like him. But he caught on to this.
Comedy is always a great way to keep people entertained, and it can make a special relationship even more special if they both understand each others comedy and can laugh at each other.
The only problem with this, is that there are people that are just naturally funny, and I know plenty of comics like myself that can't go by this, because we tell jokes and make people laugh as a job. And not always can you go by this rule
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