Counselling in R95

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Check out counsellors located nearby or offering Teletherapy in County Carlow below.

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Photo of Katarzyna Bascik, Psychotherapist
Katarzyna Bascik
Psychotherapist
Serves Area
Life can feel overwhelming—stress, anxiety, low mood, health issues, or feeling stuck can drain your energy and joy. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space to talk, heal, and grow. Whether you face burnout, depression, eating challenges, or relationship struggles, or maybe you are in perimenopause, we work together to create real, lasting change. I help adults restore balance, boost confidence, and feel stronger—emotionally and physically—using practical tools, emotional support, and healthy lifestyle strategies.
Life can feel overwhelming—stress, anxiety, low mood, health issues, or feeling stuck can drain your energy and joy. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space to talk, heal, and grow. Whether you face burnout, depression, eating challenges, or relationship struggles, or maybe you are in perimenopause, we work together to create real, lasting change. I help adults restore balance, boost confidence, and feel stronger—emotionally and physically—using practical tools, emotional support, and healthy lifestyle strategies.
(01) 568 2872 x50 View (01) 568 2872 x50
Photo of Úna Le Meur, Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Úna Le Meur
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Carlow, County R93
I have 15 years experience working with adolescents, adults, and older adults from diverse backgrounds, supporting people through the issues that bring most of us to therapy at some point — anxiety, depression, complex trauma, grief and loss, addiction, and the relational patterns we find ourselves stuck in. Our job together is to identify what's getting in the way of the life you want, understand how those patterns took hold, and gently remove the inner and outer obstacles that are keeping you stuck. The focus is on real change, in how you feel, how you relate, and how you move through the world.
I have 15 years experience working with adolescents, adults, and older adults from diverse backgrounds, supporting people through the issues that bring most of us to therapy at some point — anxiety, depression, complex trauma, grief and loss, addiction, and the relational patterns we find ourselves stuck in. Our job together is to identify what's getting in the way of the life you want, understand how those patterns took hold, and gently remove the inner and outer obstacles that are keeping you stuck. The focus is on real change, in how you feel, how you relate, and how you move through the world.
(01) 263 0697 x29 View (01) 263 0697 x29
Photo of Majella Mary Phelan - Majella Phelan Counselling, Counsellor, MIACP
Majella Phelan Counselling
Counsellor, MIACP
Serves Area
A client experiencing issues of anxiety, depression, family trauma, bullying, relationship challenges, parenting, low self esteem and confidence. A need to get to know oneself better. A need to understand a situation, a person, or circumstance more fully. A need for peace of mind and heart. A need for answers to internal questions that are causing unrest. The client wants peace of mind and heart as there is or are some thing(s) causing them distress. The client may not know what the issues are. I offer the client a safe space to discover what they need help with and walk with them on that journey.
A client experiencing issues of anxiety, depression, family trauma, bullying, relationship challenges, parenting, low self esteem and confidence. A need to get to know oneself better. A need to understand a situation, a person, or circumstance more fully. A need for peace of mind and heart. A need for answers to internal questions that are causing unrest. The client wants peace of mind and heart as there is or are some thing(s) causing them distress. The client may not know what the issues are. I offer the client a safe space to discover what they need help with and walk with them on that journey.
(01) 267 6552 x41 View (01) 267 6552 x41
Photo of Catherine Lawler, Psychotherapist, MSc
Catherine Lawler
Psychotherapist, MSc
Serves Area
Meet Catherine - Catherine is a fully accreditted Psychoanalytic Psyhotherapist (APPI), with a massters from University College Dublin (UCD) and St Vincents University Hospital.. She works with individuals aged 14 and above, helping them manage a wide range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, loneliness and isolation. What I Offer - As a therapist, I believe that working together over time is a crucial step towards better mental health. I provide a supportive, confidential space where you can talk openly about your struggles and aspirations, without judgement.
Meet Catherine - Catherine is a fully accreditted Psychoanalytic Psyhotherapist (APPI), with a massters from University College Dublin (UCD) and St Vincents University Hospital.. She works with individuals aged 14 and above, helping them manage a wide range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, loneliness and isolation. What I Offer - As a therapist, I believe that working together over time is a crucial step towards better mental health. I provide a supportive, confidential space where you can talk openly about your struggles and aspirations, without judgement.
(01) 263 0697 x25 View (01) 263 0697 x25
Photo of Fiona Shortall, Psychotherapist, MA
Fiona Shortall
Psychotherapist, MA
Carlow, County R93
Hi, My name is Fiona and I am currently a pre-accredited Psychotherapist. I have a passion for helping people navigate their circumstances and to become empowered to grow, learn and look after their wellbeing. I aim to offer a space that is welcoming and free of judgment and provides an opportunity to work collaboratively with all clients. If you are looking for guidance on relationship issues, low mood, stress, or self esteem and more I am here to guide you Currently accepting in person in Carlow, Ages 13 years +
Hi, My name is Fiona and I am currently a pre-accredited Psychotherapist. I have a passion for helping people navigate their circumstances and to become empowered to grow, learn and look after their wellbeing. I aim to offer a space that is welcoming and free of judgment and provides an opportunity to work collaboratively with all clients. If you are looking for guidance on relationship issues, low mood, stress, or self esteem and more I am here to guide you Currently accepting in person in Carlow, Ages 13 years +
(01) 230 8537 x32 View (01) 230 8537 x32
Photo of Margaret Mary Walsh Miacp, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Margaret Mary Walsh Miacp
Psychotherapist, MIACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
April 2026 Daytime availability and some limited evening availability. Trauma informed counselling available face to face in Waterford and online nationally. Give me a call for a chat about your needs. Visit Website www.suirtherapy.ie to book appointments or text/email/call. Would you like to address negative thoughts? Do you suffer with Anxiety, Stress, Depression, Work Stress, Confidence, Relationships, Bereavement, Injury/illness, Loss issues? Are you experiencing burnout? Is your relationship in difficulty? Would you like to attend one to one counselling? Monday to Friday.
April 2026 Daytime availability and some limited evening availability. Trauma informed counselling available face to face in Waterford and online nationally. Give me a call for a chat about your needs. Visit Website www.suirtherapy.ie to book appointments or text/email/call. Would you like to address negative thoughts? Do you suffer with Anxiety, Stress, Depression, Work Stress, Confidence, Relationships, Bereavement, Injury/illness, Loss issues? Are you experiencing burnout? Is your relationship in difficulty? Would you like to attend one to one counselling? Monday to Friday.
(01) 267 6570 x60 View (01) 267 6570 x60
Photo of Deirdre Deacon-Gee, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Deirdre Deacon-Gee
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Serves Area
I am a qualified psychotherapist with a specific interest working with trauma, domestic abuse and neurodivergence, however I do work with various presentations such as low self esteem, anxiety, depression, bereavement and more. As a passionate therapist I strive to facilitate clients in exploring and reaching personal goals, finding new ways of understanding, being and thinking which will support you in living the happy life you deserve, to find purpose and meaning again and a lust for life. Living your life and not merely existing in it.
I am a qualified psychotherapist with a specific interest working with trauma, domestic abuse and neurodivergence, however I do work with various presentations such as low self esteem, anxiety, depression, bereavement and more. As a passionate therapist I strive to facilitate clients in exploring and reaching personal goals, finding new ways of understanding, being and thinking which will support you in living the happy life you deserve, to find purpose and meaning again and a lust for life. Living your life and not merely existing in it.
087 684 0922 View 087 684 0922
Photo of Ademola Shitta-Bey - Mind n Soul Therapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Mind n Soul Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Serves Area
My name is Ademola Shitta-Bey, a qualified and accredited integrative psychotherapist with an M.A. in Integrative Psychotherapy and a B.A. (Hons) in Counselling and Psychotherapy. Practicing in Dublin City under IAHIP standards, I offer compassionate, client-centered therapy from a humanistic and open-minded approach. I am LGBTQIA+ friendly and experienced in supporting issues related to gender, sexuality, and cultural identity. Contact me for a free 10-15 minute consultation to begin your journey toward well-being.
My name is Ademola Shitta-Bey, a qualified and accredited integrative psychotherapist with an M.A. in Integrative Psychotherapy and a B.A. (Hons) in Counselling and Psychotherapy. Practicing in Dublin City under IAHIP standards, I offer compassionate, client-centered therapy from a humanistic and open-minded approach. I am LGBTQIA+ friendly and experienced in supporting issues related to gender, sexuality, and cultural identity. Contact me for a free 10-15 minute consultation to begin your journey toward well-being.
(01) 267 6517 x11 View (01) 267 6517 x11
Photo of Aisling O'Connor, Counsellor, MIACP
Aisling O'Connor
Counsellor, MIACP
Carlow, County R93
I am a qualified counsellor and an accredited member of IACP. I work with clients in a person-centred way, focusing on the lived experience and current challenges that each person brings to the therapy space and integrating a variety of therapeutic approaches.
I am a qualified counsellor and an accredited member of IACP. I work with clients in a person-centred way, focusing on the lived experience and current challenges that each person brings to the therapy space and integrating a variety of therapeutic approaches.
087 791 0560 View 087 791 0560
Photo of Eva-Maria Dunne, Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Eva-Maria Dunne
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Eva-Maria is a highly qualified Counsellor & Psychotherapist based both Online and in Durrow County Laois. Eva-Maria is accredited by the Irish Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy (IACP), and she specialises in providing compassionate and effective support to clients of all ages, including children & Adolescents, Adults & Groups. With a Master's Degree (hons) in Child & Adolescent Counselling & Psychotherapy and a BSc. (hons) in Counselling & Psychotherapy, Diploma in Addiction Counselling and certificate in Problem Gambling.
Eva-Maria is a highly qualified Counsellor & Psychotherapist based both Online and in Durrow County Laois. Eva-Maria is accredited by the Irish Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy (IACP), and she specialises in providing compassionate and effective support to clients of all ages, including children & Adolescents, Adults & Groups. With a Master's Degree (hons) in Child & Adolescent Counselling & Psychotherapy and a BSc. (hons) in Counselling & Psychotherapy, Diploma in Addiction Counselling and certificate in Problem Gambling.
(01) 592 4196 x90 View (01) 592 4196 x90
Photo of Trish Carroll, Psychotherapist, MA, APCP
Trish Carroll
Psychotherapist, MA, APCP
Serves Area
A space for you to share your life experiences. You can disclose what you feel comfortable talking about at your own pace in a confidential, safe, private space. Many people come to therapy to help with current struggles or past experiences, but many also attend just to maintain a good mindset. Each person’s life experience is different and as we know sometimes it can be challenging, therefore talking can help to clear our minds, uncover our struggles, and understand our emotions. Therapy can be challenging, but it can also be very rewarding. Everyone deserves to be heard and supported. Looking forward to meeting you :)
A space for you to share your life experiences. You can disclose what you feel comfortable talking about at your own pace in a confidential, safe, private space. Many people come to therapy to help with current struggles or past experiences, but many also attend just to maintain a good mindset. Each person’s life experience is different and as we know sometimes it can be challenging, therefore talking can help to clear our minds, uncover our struggles, and understand our emotions. Therapy can be challenging, but it can also be very rewarding. Everyone deserves to be heard and supported. Looking forward to meeting you :)
(01) 267 6527 x68 View (01) 267 6527 x68
Photo of Shirley McKay, Counsellor, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Shirley McKay
Counsellor, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
i work with neurodivergent adults, including autistic, ADHD, and AuDHD clients, who are navigating trauma, anxiety, burnout, or the strain of constantly adapting to fit in. Therapy with me is gentle, affirming, and unmasked. You won’t need to over-explain your brain, minimise your experiences, or perform a version of yourself to be understood. We move at a pace that honors your nervous system, helping you recognise patterns, reduce overwhelm, and build a life that aligns with your strengths rather than fighting against them. I also support adults healing from anxiety and trauma with a calm, steady, and compassionate presence.
i work with neurodivergent adults, including autistic, ADHD, and AuDHD clients, who are navigating trauma, anxiety, burnout, or the strain of constantly adapting to fit in. Therapy with me is gentle, affirming, and unmasked. You won’t need to over-explain your brain, minimise your experiences, or perform a version of yourself to be understood. We move at a pace that honors your nervous system, helping you recognise patterns, reduce overwhelm, and build a life that aligns with your strengths rather than fighting against them. I also support adults healing from anxiety and trauma with a calm, steady, and compassionate presence.
(01) 267 6536 x91 View (01) 267 6536 x91
Photo of William Lacombre, Psychotherapist, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
William Lacombre
Psychotherapist, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
2 Endorsed
Carlow, County R93
It can be draining waking up day after day with your heart already racing, and feeling on edge. You might be dealing with anxiety or a consistent low mood, overthinking, or replaying worst-case scenarios in your head again and again. Friends and family are around you, and there for you, yet you still feel alone. It's simply exhausting. I understand how heavy this can feel, and I’m here to support you and help you find a way through it.
It can be draining waking up day after day with your heart already racing, and feeling on edge. You might be dealing with anxiety or a consistent low mood, overthinking, or replaying worst-case scenarios in your head again and again. Friends and family are around you, and there for you, yet you still feel alone. It's simply exhausting. I understand how heavy this can feel, and I’m here to support you and help you find a way through it.
(01) 263 0393 x83 View (01) 263 0393 x83
Photo of James Byrne, Psychotherapist, MIACP
James Byrne
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Carlow, County R93
Hello, I am James Byrne, a fully qualified and accredited integrative counsellor and psychotherapist I have over 10 years of experience dedicated to helping individuals navigate the complexities of mental health. I've had the privilege of working with diverse issues, recognsing how deeply these challenges can impact our lives. I believe in the transformative power of counseling and psychotherapy. My practice focuses on creating a welcoming and non-judgmental environment where my clients can safely explore their thoughts and feelings.
Hello, I am James Byrne, a fully qualified and accredited integrative counsellor and psychotherapist I have over 10 years of experience dedicated to helping individuals navigate the complexities of mental health. I've had the privilege of working with diverse issues, recognsing how deeply these challenges can impact our lives. I believe in the transformative power of counseling and psychotherapy. My practice focuses on creating a welcoming and non-judgmental environment where my clients can safely explore their thoughts and feelings.
(01) 267 6675 x74 View (01) 267 6675 x74
Photo of Jennifer Holligan - Sparrow Therapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
Sparrow Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
Carlow, County R93
Sparrow Therapy offer a range of online and in person sessions. Fully qualified and accredited, we offer a safe space for all clients. We are client focused and aim to always work as a team.
Sparrow Therapy offer a range of online and in person sessions. Fully qualified and accredited, we offer a safe space for all clients. We are client focused and aim to always work as a team.
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Photo of Cynthia Cope - Cope Counselling, Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
Cope Counselling
Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
Carlow, County R93
Is everything getting you down? Anxiety and panic attacks taking over your life? Relationship issues becoming unbearable? Have you experienced a loss and finding it difficult to cope? Are you having health problems? I have worked with many sensitive issues in the past and can help you through this difficult time with therapy. I can guide you through and assist you to process your challenges. Establishing a better quality of life in a safe environment.
Is everything getting you down? Anxiety and panic attacks taking over your life? Relationship issues becoming unbearable? Have you experienced a loss and finding it difficult to cope? Are you having health problems? I have worked with many sensitive issues in the past and can help you through this difficult time with therapy. I can guide you through and assist you to process your challenges. Establishing a better quality of life in a safe environment.
(01) 267 6641 x51 View (01) 267 6641 x51
Photo of John Bissett - Bissett Counselling , Counsellor
Bissett Counselling
Counsellor
Serves Area
Hi, my name is John Bissett. I am an accredited Counsellor and Psychotherapist based in Kilkenny. Many of us, have at different times in our lives, encountered difficulties that affect our peace of mind and mental well-being such as anxiety etc. Sometimes, we lose our way and our concerns can seem overwhelming. Counselling helps people to find their inner strength, get to know and understand themselves better and as a result live more fulfilled lives. We often try to make changes by ourselves but keep getting stuck. My services will help you to clarify what is blocking your way and keeping you from living your life to the full.
Hi, my name is John Bissett. I am an accredited Counsellor and Psychotherapist based in Kilkenny. Many of us, have at different times in our lives, encountered difficulties that affect our peace of mind and mental well-being such as anxiety etc. Sometimes, we lose our way and our concerns can seem overwhelming. Counselling helps people to find their inner strength, get to know and understand themselves better and as a result live more fulfilled lives. We often try to make changes by ourselves but keep getting stuck. My services will help you to clarify what is blocking your way and keeping you from living your life to the full.
(01) 568 2872 x41 View (01) 568 2872 x41
Photo of Joan Martin, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Joan Martin
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Serves Area
IACP Accredited Integrative Counsellor & Psychotherapist working with Adults & Adolescents based in Kilkenny City. Also, I am a qualified Guidance Counsellor IGC with over 25 years of experience working with adolescents. Full Accreditation with the Irish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (IACP). My therapeutic approach is centered around a person-centered model. I completed a Level 9 Certificate in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) & have completed training in ASSIST & Understanding Self-Harm with the (HSE). I work with clients online and Face to Face. Studying Specialist Diploma in Neurodiversity Informed Practice.
IACP Accredited Integrative Counsellor & Psychotherapist working with Adults & Adolescents based in Kilkenny City. Also, I am a qualified Guidance Counsellor IGC with over 25 years of experience working with adolescents. Full Accreditation with the Irish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (IACP). My therapeutic approach is centered around a person-centered model. I completed a Level 9 Certificate in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) & have completed training in ASSIST & Understanding Self-Harm with the (HSE). I work with clients online and Face to Face. Studying Specialist Diploma in Neurodiversity Informed Practice.
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Photo of Norma O'Sullivan - Dr Norma O'Sullivan Psychology Services, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI
Dr Norma O'Sullivan Psychology Services
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI
Serves Area
I work with teens (16 years+) and adult clients. I have specialist experience working with a range of needs and issues across the lifespan, including trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, grief and loss, attachment issues, eating disorders, chronic health conditions, life changes and transitions, emotional dysregulation, self harm, suicide, OCD, ADHD, and Autism.
I work with teens (16 years+) and adult clients. I have specialist experience working with a range of needs and issues across the lifespan, including trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, grief and loss, attachment issues, eating disorders, chronic health conditions, life changes and transitions, emotional dysregulation, self harm, suicide, OCD, ADHD, and Autism.
(01) 267 6622 x21 View (01) 267 6622 x21
Photo of Audrey Curran, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Audrey Curran
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Serves Area
Offering therapy for Adolescence and Adults. This is a safe place to talk about difficult things with compassion and understanding. In a supportive and empathetic environment, I will facilitate you on your personal journey of growth at your own pace. Sometimes starting therapy is not easy but you can evoke meaningful change that will enable you to live a more fulfilling and productive way of life. Some people come to therapy with a specific problem, while others benefit from talking to a professional to gain a better understanding about their feelings.
Offering therapy for Adolescence and Adults. This is a safe place to talk about difficult things with compassion and understanding. In a supportive and empathetic environment, I will facilitate you on your personal journey of growth at your own pace. Sometimes starting therapy is not easy but you can evoke meaningful change that will enable you to live a more fulfilling and productive way of life. Some people come to therapy with a specific problem, while others benefit from talking to a professional to gain a better understanding about their feelings.
(01) 267 6527 x75 View (01) 267 6527 x75

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in R95

< 10

Counsellors in R95 who prioritize treating:

How Counsellors in R95 see their clients

2% Online Only
1% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in R95?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, eircode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or eircode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are accredited members of the main professional associations, mainly the Irish Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (IACP) and the Irish Council for Psychotherapy (ICP). Most Psychologists are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement in Ireland, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Ireland. Psychologists have earned a doctoral degree in psychology and many are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI). Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a doctoral degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the IACP or ICP, they must complete a minimum of an NFQ Level 7 programme with 100 hours of clinical experience and a minimum of 450 hours of post-training clinical experience under clinical supervision.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in Ireland could cost between €50 – €90 when seeing a counsellor and €75 - €120 or more when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The National Counselling Service (NCS) is a government-funded service that provides short to medium term counselling and psychotherapy for free to individuals who have experienced trauma or abuse. The service can be accessed by GP referral or self-referral.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your eircode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the IACP, the ICP, or PSI are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a child is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.