Counselling in Stillorgan

Photo of Ciara Lyons, Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
Ciara Lyons
Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
Serves Area
Are you seeking a compassionate space to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences? My name is Ciara Lyons, a fully qualified and accredited Psychotherapist (MIACP) and I’m here to support you on your journey towards emotional well-being and personal growth. I am an experienced therapist, helping individuals navigate life’s challenges, I provide a safe, confidential environment where you can feel heard and understood.
Are you seeking a compassionate space to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences? My name is Ciara Lyons, a fully qualified and accredited Psychotherapist (MIACP) and I’m here to support you on your journey towards emotional well-being and personal growth. I am an experienced therapist, helping individuals navigate life’s challenges, I provide a safe, confidential environment where you can feel heard and understood.
(01) 267 6570 x44 View (01) 267 6570 x44
Photo of Jim Fox - Three Rock Counselling Metacognitive Therapy (MCT, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Three Rock Counselling Metacognitive Therapy (MCT
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Serves Area
The main therapeutic approaches I use are Metacognitive Therapy, Internal Family System ( IFS Parts Therapy) & Brain Spotting(BSP). I work in my practice helping people who seek therapy for a range of emotional and stress-related issues including stress, anxiety, worry, depression, anger, panic attacks and grief. I endeavour to create a compassionate, non-judgmental and transformative space for my clients and always practice with these values in mind.
The main therapeutic approaches I use are Metacognitive Therapy, Internal Family System ( IFS Parts Therapy) & Brain Spotting(BSP). I work in my practice helping people who seek therapy for a range of emotional and stress-related issues including stress, anxiety, worry, depression, anger, panic attacks and grief. I endeavour to create a compassionate, non-judgmental and transformative space for my clients and always practice with these values in mind.
087 675 6977 View 087 675 6977
Photo of Yolanda Kennedy Gavin, Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Yolanda Kennedy Gavin
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Serves Area
I love supporting people on their journey to better understand themselves and the root of their present difficulties; helping them discover who they are beyond who they have learned to be through their life experiences and environment. It can feel a bit daunting or even scary starting or resuming therapy so I focus on creating a space that is warm and safe, to help you feel more comfortable figuring out what's troubling you and unpacking your feelings, thoughts and experiences.
I love supporting people on their journey to better understand themselves and the root of their present difficulties; helping them discover who they are beyond who they have learned to be through their life experiences and environment. It can feel a bit daunting or even scary starting or resuming therapy so I focus on creating a space that is warm and safe, to help you feel more comfortable figuring out what's troubling you and unpacking your feelings, thoughts and experiences.
(01) 267 6603 x27 View (01) 267 6603 x27
Photo of Tanaë Healy Salvetti, Psychotherapist, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Tanaë Healy Salvetti
Psychotherapist, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Serves Area
My approach is collaborative, person-centred and integrates various tools to adapt to your needs. My systemic perspective recognises that challenges often arise within specific contexts and are shaped by relationships, environments, and interactions. By addressing not only the symptoms but also the underlying dynamics, I can help you foster resilience, gain deeper self understanding, and create meaningful change in your personal and relational systems. Psychoeducation is an integral part of my work, empowering clients with knowledge and strategies to navigate their experiences with confidence and clarity.
My approach is collaborative, person-centred and integrates various tools to adapt to your needs. My systemic perspective recognises that challenges often arise within specific contexts and are shaped by relationships, environments, and interactions. By addressing not only the symptoms but also the underlying dynamics, I can help you foster resilience, gain deeper self understanding, and create meaningful change in your personal and relational systems. Psychoeducation is an integral part of my work, empowering clients with knowledge and strategies to navigate their experiences with confidence and clarity.
(01) 267 6641 x27 View (01) 267 6641 x27
Photo of Nessa Childers, Psychotherapist, MSc, IFPP
Nessa Childers
Psychotherapist, MSc, IFPP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
It is hard to describe what psychotherapy is really like. One of us, Jonathan Shedler describes it well. "We are changing life patterns. There is no path from Point A to Point B that does not traverse the unknown Real transformation occurs when patient and therapist can enter and embrace that unknown Perhaps it is like ancient sailors setting out to sea in search of a new and distant land—but uncertain how far they might have to travel before they once again set foot on solid earth, or what they might find when they get there" There is no substitute for meeting face to face though. And proceeding or not from there.
It is hard to describe what psychotherapy is really like. One of us, Jonathan Shedler describes it well. "We are changing life patterns. There is no path from Point A to Point B that does not traverse the unknown Real transformation occurs when patient and therapist can enter and embrace that unknown Perhaps it is like ancient sailors setting out to sea in search of a new and distant land—but uncertain how far they might have to travel before they once again set foot on solid earth, or what they might find when they get there" There is no substitute for meeting face to face though. And proceeding or not from there.
(01) 267 6681 x75 View (01) 267 6681 x75
Photo of Pradeep Kumar Chadha, Psychiatrist
Pradeep Kumar Chadha
Psychiatrist
Serves Area
“Overactive” busy minds have difficulty slowing down. I see it everyday. Having genes for a mental illness does not guarantee having one. Exposure to traumas is also needed to cause a disturbance in transmitters and hormones in the body. I help a person when they are looking for help in reducing psychiatric medications or before taking them. My experience involves helping a person process their traumas to heal them emotionally. In Walsh protocol , food supplements are prescribed instead of psychotropic medications that participate in hormonal and neurotransmitter metabolism. I can speak English, Hindi/ Urdu and Punjabi.
“Overactive” busy minds have difficulty slowing down. I see it everyday. Having genes for a mental illness does not guarantee having one. Exposure to traumas is also needed to cause a disturbance in transmitters and hormones in the body. I help a person when they are looking for help in reducing psychiatric medications or before taking them. My experience involves helping a person process their traumas to heal them emotionally. In Walsh protocol , food supplements are prescribed instead of psychotropic medications that participate in hormonal and neurotransmitter metabolism. I can speak English, Hindi/ Urdu and Punjabi.
(01) 267 6536 x99 View (01) 267 6536 x99
Photo of Aisling Mackey, Psychotherapist, MA, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Aisling Mackey
Psychotherapist, MA, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Serves Area
Empathetic and compassionate therapist. My goal is to provide a warm, welcoming and secure space where you can feel safe, always heard and supported. Therapy with me is collaborative, confidential, and grounded in compassion. The goal is to help you find clarity and balance in your life. I work with adults experiencing a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, stress, panic attacks, bereavement, workplace issues and relationship difficulties.
Empathetic and compassionate therapist. My goal is to provide a warm, welcoming and secure space where you can feel safe, always heard and supported. Therapy with me is collaborative, confidential, and grounded in compassion. The goal is to help you find clarity and balance in your life. I work with adults experiencing a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, stress, panic attacks, bereavement, workplace issues and relationship difficulties.
(01) 267 6527 x57 View (01) 267 6527 x57
Photo of Maeve Burke, Psychotherapist, MA, APPI
Maeve Burke
Psychotherapist, MA, APPI
Serves Area
Life can be challenging and can bring hardships, conflict and pain. Often people seek therapy at a moment of crisis where they want change in their lives. Psychotherapy offers the possibility for an individual to explore various aspects of their life and be listened to in a way that is rarely possible with family or friends. My experience includes working with psychiatric diagnoses, those affected by issues and symptoms of anxiety, stress, depression, bereavement, addiction, relationship issues, questions of gender and sexuality.
Life can be challenging and can bring hardships, conflict and pain. Often people seek therapy at a moment of crisis where they want change in their lives. Psychotherapy offers the possibility for an individual to explore various aspects of their life and be listened to in a way that is rarely possible with family or friends. My experience includes working with psychiatric diagnoses, those affected by issues and symptoms of anxiety, stress, depression, bereavement, addiction, relationship issues, questions of gender and sexuality.
083 392 1604 View 083 392 1604
Photo of Riadhna Holahan, Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Riadhna Holahan
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
In Private Practice, Riadhna offers general, integrative therapeutic support for anyone experiencing issues affecting their quality of life (in 1:1, family and group settings) using Reality Therapy (RT) and Person Centred Counselling (PCC) as her primary therapeutic models. Riadhna supports clients with varying issues and needs.
In Private Practice, Riadhna offers general, integrative therapeutic support for anyone experiencing issues affecting their quality of life (in 1:1, family and group settings) using Reality Therapy (RT) and Person Centred Counselling (PCC) as her primary therapeutic models. Riadhna supports clients with varying issues and needs.
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Photo of Catherine Cormican, Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
Catherine Cormican
Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
My name is Catherine Cormican, and my passion lies in supporting individuals to navigate their own personal journeys. I provide a safe, confidential and supportive space for exploration, healing and growth. My mission is to offer compassionate and research-informed therapy services to individuals seeking to deepen their self-awareness, enhance their mental well-being, and achieve personal growth.
My name is Catherine Cormican, and my passion lies in supporting individuals to navigate their own personal journeys. I provide a safe, confidential and supportive space for exploration, healing and growth. My mission is to offer compassionate and research-informed therapy services to individuals seeking to deepen their self-awareness, enhance their mental well-being, and achieve personal growth.
(01) 230 8537 x67 View (01) 230 8537 x67
Photo of Paula Coughlan, Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Paula Coughlan
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Online Only
Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or unable to focus? Are you feeling worried or having low-energy days too often? Or do you want more for your life? Please contact me today for support. I specialise in working with clients struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, or unresolved childhood issues and trauma. I will work with you to create the life you really want.
Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or unable to focus? Are you feeling worried or having low-energy days too often? Or do you want more for your life? Please contact me today for support. I specialise in working with clients struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, or unresolved childhood issues and trauma. I will work with you to create the life you really want.
(01) 267 6622 x88 View (01) 267 6622 x88
Photo of Jennifer Marshall, Psychotherapist, MA, APPI
Jennifer Marshall
Psychotherapist, MA, APPI
Serves Area
I have worked in a variety of clinical settings within the mental health sector including hospitals and student counselling services. My broad range of experience includes working with psychiatric diagnoses and those affected by anxiety, stress, depression, low self-esteem, ruminating thoughts, relationship difficulties, bereavement, loneliness and isolation. I have a particular interest in women's mental health with a specific interest in pregnancy related issues, motherhood and pre/post natal depression.
I have worked in a variety of clinical settings within the mental health sector including hospitals and student counselling services. My broad range of experience includes working with psychiatric diagnoses and those affected by anxiety, stress, depression, low self-esteem, ruminating thoughts, relationship difficulties, bereavement, loneliness and isolation. I have a particular interest in women's mental health with a specific interest in pregnancy related issues, motherhood and pre/post natal depression.
(01) 267 6536 x76 View (01) 267 6536 x76
Photo of Susan O'Donoghue, Counsellor, MIACP
Susan O'Donoghue
Counsellor, MIACP
Serves Area
Are you dealing with anxiety, relationship issues, depression, bereavement, trauma, low self-worth, or a sense that something is wrong? Do you need help understanding your problems and making changes? I can offer a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space for you to be heard and understood, to explore your thoughts and emotions, and to work through the issues in your life
Are you dealing with anxiety, relationship issues, depression, bereavement, trauma, low self-worth, or a sense that something is wrong? Do you need help understanding your problems and making changes? I can offer a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space for you to be heard and understood, to explore your thoughts and emotions, and to work through the issues in your life
(01) 233 7063 x30 View (01) 233 7063 x30

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sarah Ruane, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MIAHIP
Sarah Ruane
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MIAHIP
Skerries, County Dublin K34
Hi, my name is Sarah Ruane and I work as a Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I set up my private practice in 2006. I am currently based in Elmwood Centre, Dublin 4 and Skerries, North County Dublin. I work online and in-person and my passion is to hold a non-judgmental, safe space for people. I deal with a whole host of general issues, including all forms of trauma. I am a Trauma Informed Psychotherapist, as I completed an intensive 3 year training of Somatic Experiencing, SE, which is a body oriented therapy developed by Dr Peter Levine, one of the world's leading trauma experts.
Hi, my name is Sarah Ruane and I work as a Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I set up my private practice in 2006. I am currently based in Elmwood Centre, Dublin 4 and Skerries, North County Dublin. I work online and in-person and my passion is to hold a non-judgmental, safe space for people. I deal with a whole host of general issues, including all forms of trauma. I am a Trauma Informed Psychotherapist, as I completed an intensive 3 year training of Somatic Experiencing, SE, which is a body oriented therapy developed by Dr Peter Levine, one of the world's leading trauma experts.
(01) 230 8537 x96 View (01) 230 8537 x96
Photo of Remedy Clinic, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Remedy Clinic
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Dublin, County D02
Fostering Personal Well-being & Growth. At Remedy Clinic, we’re a therapy clinic catering to all clients with affordable Counselling and Psychotherapy. Founded in 2017, we’re a modern psychotherapy, counselling, and wellness consultancy service provider located in Dublin. A comfortable modern space designed for our clients. As the leading provider of counselling services, Dublin, and psychotherapy, Dublin, we’re dedicated to providing a comfortable and safe environment where problems & personal issues can be explored to support healthy, positive change.
Fostering Personal Well-being & Growth. At Remedy Clinic, we’re a therapy clinic catering to all clients with affordable Counselling and Psychotherapy. Founded in 2017, we’re a modern psychotherapy, counselling, and wellness consultancy service provider located in Dublin. A comfortable modern space designed for our clients. As the leading provider of counselling services, Dublin, and psychotherapy, Dublin, we’re dedicated to providing a comfortable and safe environment where problems & personal issues can be explored to support healthy, positive change.
(01) 267 6552 x60 View (01) 267 6552 x60
Photo of Masoumeh Maryam Yazdani, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Masoumeh Maryam Yazdani
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Dublin, County D14
Apart from the problem and confusion you may have, a confidential and quiet atmosphere with a person; who values the importance of you, listening to you actively, helps you to be yourselves again. When the therapeutic relationship is made, you feel completely encouraged to bring out all hidden issues out of your chest and let to work on them. Trust and confidentiality are the most important bond between you and your therapist. Without them, no progress occurs. The goal of having therapy session depends on the type of issue. But summoning all together; in one word, I manifest nothing is more important than my client's wellbeing.
Apart from the problem and confusion you may have, a confidential and quiet atmosphere with a person; who values the importance of you, listening to you actively, helps you to be yourselves again. When the therapeutic relationship is made, you feel completely encouraged to bring out all hidden issues out of your chest and let to work on them. Trust and confidentiality are the most important bond between you and your therapist. Without them, no progress occurs. The goal of having therapy session depends on the type of issue. But summoning all together; in one word, I manifest nothing is more important than my client's wellbeing.
087 399 8380 View 087 399 8380
Photo of Vincent Foley, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Vincent Foley
Psychotherapist, MIACP
1 Endorsed
Dublin, County D07
I am an Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist with a strong focus on Client Centred Therapy. I support, help and encourage people with a range of issues such as Abuse, Anxiety, Addiction(s), Adoption, Anger Management, Bereavement ,Brief Therapy,Child Related Issues,C.B.T,Confidence,Cultural Issues, Depression, Dreams,Disability, Eating Disorders,Emotional Abuse,Fear,Family of Addicts,Gender Issues,General Counselling,Grief,Health Related Issues, Identity Problems, LGBT,Mental Abuse,Panic Attacks,Phobias, PTSD, Physical abuse,Psychotherapy,Recovery from suicide attempt, Restorative practice,Shame, Sexual abuse,Sexuality issues.
I am an Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist with a strong focus on Client Centred Therapy. I support, help and encourage people with a range of issues such as Abuse, Anxiety, Addiction(s), Adoption, Anger Management, Bereavement ,Brief Therapy,Child Related Issues,C.B.T,Confidence,Cultural Issues, Depression, Dreams,Disability, Eating Disorders,Emotional Abuse,Fear,Family of Addicts,Gender Issues,General Counselling,Grief,Health Related Issues, Identity Problems, LGBT,Mental Abuse,Panic Attacks,Phobias, PTSD, Physical abuse,Psychotherapy,Recovery from suicide attempt, Restorative practice,Shame, Sexual abuse,Sexuality issues.
(01) 267 6692 x32 View (01) 267 6692 x32
Photo of Shona Young - Shona Young | Self Portrait Art Therapy, Psychotherapist, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Shona Young | Self Portrait Art Therapy
Psychotherapist, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
1 Endorsed
Dublin, County D06
You might be here because you feel constantly on edge, your thoughts race, or you struggle to feel safe. Many adults I work with describe living in a state of alertness, emotional numbness, or overwhelm that doesn’t ease with logic alone. This is often linked to trauma, where the nervous system learned to stay ready for danger. Art therapy helps by giving these experiences somewhere to go, outside of you, so you’re not reliving them while working with them. It allows healing to happen in a way that feels contained, paced, and safer than talking alone.
You might be here because you feel constantly on edge, your thoughts race, or you struggle to feel safe. Many adults I work with describe living in a state of alertness, emotional numbness, or overwhelm that doesn’t ease with logic alone. This is often linked to trauma, where the nervous system learned to stay ready for danger. Art therapy helps by giving these experiences somewhere to go, outside of you, so you’re not reliving them while working with them. It allows healing to happen in a way that feels contained, paced, and safer than talking alone.
(01) 267 6681 x29 View (01) 267 6681 x29
Photo of Kate Rooney, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Kate Rooney
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Donaghmede, County Dublin D13
I am an experienced counsellor and psychotherapist and I work with both adults and adolescents struggling with a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, relationship problems, feelings of worthlessness and life changes. I also have a specific interest in working with those struggling with eating disorders and body image issues. I have over ten years experience working with this client group, initially as a registered nurse and later facilitating group and individual psychotherapy in a specialised day program in Sydney, Australia
I am an experienced counsellor and psychotherapist and I work with both adults and adolescents struggling with a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, relationship problems, feelings of worthlessness and life changes. I also have a specific interest in working with those struggling with eating disorders and body image issues. I have over ten years experience working with this client group, initially as a registered nurse and later facilitating group and individual psychotherapy in a specialised day program in Sydney, Australia
(01) 267 6595 x95 View (01) 267 6595 x95
Photo of Sarah Louise Roche, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Sarah Louise Roche
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Swords, County Dublin K67
When we are suffering, it is common to concentrate on all that is wrong or negative in our lives. Counselling can offer a place to gently explore these negative beliefs and understand the patterns we have learned to survive in the world. Using a non-judgmental person-centred approach, I collaborate with the client to best meet their individual needs and goals.
When we are suffering, it is common to concentrate on all that is wrong or negative in our lives. Counselling can offer a place to gently explore these negative beliefs and understand the patterns we have learned to survive in the world. Using a non-judgmental person-centred approach, I collaborate with the client to best meet their individual needs and goals.
(01) 263 0393 x59 View (01) 263 0393 x59

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Stillorgan

10+

Average cost per session

€80

Counsellors in Stillorgan who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Bereavement
100% Self Esteem
92% Relationship Issues
92% Depression
85% Family Conflict
85% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Laya
100% VHI
83% Irish Life

How Counsellors in Stillorgan see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Stillorgan?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, eircode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or eircode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are accredited members of the main professional associations, mainly the Irish Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (IACP) and the Irish Council for Psychotherapy (ICP). Most Psychologists are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement in Ireland, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Ireland. Psychologists have earned a doctoral degree in psychology and many are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI). Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a doctoral degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the IACP or ICP, they must complete a minimum of an NFQ Level 7 programme with 100 hours of clinical experience and a minimum of 450 hours of post-training clinical experience under clinical supervision.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in Ireland could cost between €50 – €90 when seeing a counsellor and €75 - €120 or more when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The National Counselling Service (NCS) is a government-funded service that provides short to medium term counselling and psychotherapy for free to individuals who have experienced trauma or abuse. The service can be accessed by GP referral or self-referral.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your eircode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the IACP, the ICP, or PSI are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a child is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.