Trauma and PTSD Counselling in Rathcoole

Photo of Donna McGlynn, Psychotherapist, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Donna McGlynn
Psychotherapist, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have previously worked with clients experiencing a range of issues including anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship issues, trauma and adults who have received a ADHD diagnosis or are in need of support around this process.
As a pluralistic counsellor and psychotherapist, I am committed to working collaboratively with each client to offer a bespoke, integrative and evidence based approach to therapy based on your unique needs and preferences. I value highly the importance of the therapeutic relationship, believing that a safe, collaborative, and empathetic connection can be the cornerstone of therapy and meaningful change. Through this relationship, I aim to provide a space where you are able to explore your concerns and challenges in a safe and non-judgmental way, leading to increased self awareness, resilience and healing
I have previously worked with clients experiencing a range of issues including anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship issues, trauma and adults who have received a ADHD diagnosis or are in need of support around this process.
As a pluralistic counsellor and psychotherapist, I am committed to working collaboratively with each client to offer a bespoke, integrative and evidence based approach to therapy based on your unique needs and preferences. I value highly the importance of the therapeutic relationship, believing that a safe, collaborative, and empathetic connection can be the cornerstone of therapy and meaningful change. Through this relationship, I aim to provide a space where you are able to explore your concerns and challenges in a safe and non-judgmental way, leading to increased self awareness, resilience and healing
(01) 233 7063 x58 View (01) 233 7063 x58
Photo of Róisín Quinn Keegan, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Róisín Quinn Keegan
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Perhaps unexpected life events such as bereavement, loss, relationship break-up or trauma have created a crisis in your life and you are finding it hard to cope.
I help clients to evaluate if their thoughts and behaviours are preventing them from moving forward in life and how they can develop better coping skills. I support clients in resourcing themselves to safely explore past trauma so that they can gain insight into the impact of trauma on their bodies, behaviours, belief systems and within their relationships.
Perhaps unexpected life events such as bereavement, loss, relationship break-up or trauma have created a crisis in your life and you are finding it hard to cope.
I help clients to evaluate if their thoughts and behaviours are preventing them from moving forward in life and how they can develop better coping skills. I support clients in resourcing themselves to safely explore past trauma so that they can gain insight into the impact of trauma on their bodies, behaviours, belief systems and within their relationships.
085 274 2059 View 085 274 2059
Photo of Samantha Wallace, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Samantha Wallace
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I hold a BSc (Hons) in Counselling & Psychotherapy as well as a Professional Diploma in Trauma Informed Psychotherapy and a Professional Certificate in Couples Counselling.
I have experience in a range of different presentations such as: Self-Esteem/Self-Confidence, Childhood Experiences, Family Estrangement/Adoption, Trauma, Grief/Loss, Relationship Issues, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Work Related Issues, Narcissistic Abuse, Addiction, Personal Development, Suicide, Body Image Issues, Fertility and Menopause Related Issues.
I hold a BSc (Hons) in Counselling & Psychotherapy as well as a Professional Diploma in Trauma Informed Psychotherapy and a Professional Certificate in Couples Counselling.
I have experience in a range of different presentations such as: Self-Esteem/Self-Confidence, Childhood Experiences, Family Estrangement/Adoption, Trauma, Grief/Loss, Relationship Issues, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Work Related Issues, Narcissistic Abuse, Addiction, Personal Development, Suicide, Body Image Issues, Fertility and Menopause Related Issues.
(01) 263 0393 x46 View (01) 263 0393 x46
Photo of Emer Foley, Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Emer Foley
Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am experienced in working with people who have experienced trauma and neglect, those struggling with low motivation, insomnia, or depression and anxiety.
I am here to provide a non-judgemental, safe space from the very first session. I work with individuals and couples. As an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist, I adapt the therapeutic approach used depending on each client’s needs, preferences and background. I am experienced with both online and face to face counselling.
I am experienced in working with people who have experienced trauma and neglect, those struggling with low motivation, insomnia, or depression and anxiety.
I am here to provide a non-judgemental, safe space from the very first session. I work with individuals and couples. As an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist, I adapt the therapeutic approach used depending on each client’s needs, preferences and background. I am experienced with both online and face to face counselling.
(01) 267 6527 x69 View (01) 267 6527 x69
Photo of Samantha Doyle, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Samantha Doyle
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I suffered from anxiety&panic attacks for 22yrs due to bullying & narcissistic abuse, which held my back from achieving my goals until I got help. Being a Co-dependent people pleaser meant that I was putting other people’s wants and needs before my own, trying to get acceptance, manage the situation and to keep the peace. This was exhausting until I learned how to take my personal power back
I suffered from anxiety&panic attacks for 22yrs due to bullying & narcissistic abuse, which held my back from achieving my goals until I got help. Being a Co-dependent people pleaser meant that I was putting other people’s wants and needs before my own, trying to get acceptance, manage the situation and to keep the peace. This was exhausting until I learned how to take my personal power back
(01) 267 6536 x47 View (01) 267 6536 x47

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Maxine Walsh, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MIACP
Maxine Walsh
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MIACP
Verified Verified
Tallaght, County Dublin D24
I specialise in treating anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, anger, fear, trauma and many more issues.
It can be daunting, picking up the phone or sending an email to request your first counselling session. Chances are you have found yourself here reading this profile because life has become difficult due maybe to excessive worry or a feeling of emptiness or a feeling of being at odds with your loved ones. I would love to hear from you, I believe that I can show you a way forward to peace, contentment, joy and a sense of well-being. “Maybe the journey isn’t so much about becoming anything. Maybe it’s about unbecoming everything that isn’t really you, so you can be who you were meant to be in the first place”.
I specialise in treating anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, anger, fear, trauma and many more issues.
It can be daunting, picking up the phone or sending an email to request your first counselling session. Chances are you have found yourself here reading this profile because life has become difficult due maybe to excessive worry or a feeling of emptiness or a feeling of being at odds with your loved ones. I would love to hear from you, I believe that I can show you a way forward to peace, contentment, joy and a sense of well-being. “Maybe the journey isn’t so much about becoming anything. Maybe it’s about unbecoming everything that isn’t really you, so you can be who you were meant to be in the first place”.
086 664 2752 View 086 664 2752
Photo of Aoife Edwards, Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Aoife Edwards
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dublin, County D01
My approach to psychotherapy is humanistic and integrative - I believe that each person can grow & heal, even after the most painful trauma or loss.
I specialise in working with women with a history of childhood trauma. I also enjoy working with self esteem issues, depression, anxiety, other forms of trauma, & grief. I can offer in-person sessions in Dundalk and online sessions to clients across Ireland and the UK.
My approach to psychotherapy is humanistic and integrative - I believe that each person can grow & heal, even after the most painful trauma or loss.
I specialise in working with women with a history of childhood trauma. I also enjoy working with self esteem issues, depression, anxiety, other forms of trauma, & grief. I can offer in-person sessions in Dundalk and online sessions to clients across Ireland and the UK.
(01) 267 6603 x10 View (01) 267 6603 x10
Photo of Corina Savin, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Corina Savin
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dublin, County D01
Waitlist for new clients
I have experience in working with a diverse range of clients presenting with depression, anxiety, trauma, sexual abuse, addiction, codependency, attachment and relationship issues, low self-esteem, grief and many others.
Each individual is the expert of their own life and I have learned that everyone already has the answers and internal resources necessary to live a fulfilled life. I will join and support you in exploring your experiences with the goal to gain self-awareness, reach the answers and find the tools needed to move forward confidently and at ease.
I have experience in working with a diverse range of clients presenting with depression, anxiety, trauma, sexual abuse, addiction, codependency, attachment and relationship issues, low self-esteem, grief and many others.
Each individual is the expert of their own life and I have learned that everyone already has the answers and internal resources necessary to live a fulfilled life. I will join and support you in exploring your experiences with the goal to gain self-awareness, reach the answers and find the tools needed to move forward confidently and at ease.
(01) 267 6527 x84 View (01) 267 6527 x84
Photo of Jacinta O’Connor, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MIACP
Jacinta O’Connor
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MIACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Blanchardstown, County Dublin D15
I am an accredited psychotherapist, with a background in special education. My therapeutic approach is humanistic, psychodynamic and person-centered to best meet the individual needs of my clients. My aim as a therapist is to provide a confidential space for my clients to be heard, respected and understood. I work with clients presenting with a variety of issues including but not limited to trauma, including abuse, grief and loss, sexuality, depression, anxiety and relationships issues. I also had a particular interest in working with families affected by addiction and people with additional needs and their families.
I am an accredited psychotherapist, with a background in special education. My therapeutic approach is humanistic, psychodynamic and person-centered to best meet the individual needs of my clients. My aim as a therapist is to provide a confidential space for my clients to be heard, respected and understood. I work with clients presenting with a variety of issues including but not limited to trauma, including abuse, grief and loss, sexuality, depression, anxiety and relationships issues. I also had a particular interest in working with families affected by addiction and people with additional needs and their families.
(01) 592 4196 x50 View (01) 592 4196 x50
Photo of Norma O'Sullivan - Dr Norma O'Sullivan Psychology Services, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI
Dr Norma O'Sullivan Psychology Services
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I have specialist experience working with a range of needs and issues across the lifespan, including trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, grief and loss, attachment issues, eating disorders, chronic health conditions, life changes and transitions, emotional dysregulation, self harm, suicide, OCD, ADHD, and Autism.
With every client, I work in a collaborative and client centred way to help explore and address the needs or difficulties you identify in a way that’s helpful for you. Working in partnership to empower you around your own needs and goals is central to the way I work.
I have specialist experience working with a range of needs and issues across the lifespan, including trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, grief and loss, attachment issues, eating disorders, chronic health conditions, life changes and transitions, emotional dysregulation, self harm, suicide, OCD, ADHD, and Autism.
With every client, I work in a collaborative and client centred way to help explore and address the needs or difficulties you identify in a way that’s helpful for you. Working in partnership to empower you around your own needs and goals is central to the way I work.
(01) 267 6622 x21 View (01) 267 6622 x21
Photo of Liam Farrell - Mind Healing Counselling, Counsellor, APCP
Mind Healing Counselling
Counsellor, APCP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
We specialize in helping individuals manage stress, anxiety, depression, trauma and anger, and our highly skilled therapists have a wealth of experience in helping clients overcome these challenges.
Hi. I’m Liam Farrell. I’m a Counsellor and a Psychotherapist based in Limerick. More specifically I am someone who helps to spark change in people’s lives. I help individuals who want to feel satisfied with their lives but feel like no matter what they do it just leads to stress and frustration. I will support you in exploring your history and uncovering patterns you may not even be aware of so that you can begin to have more control of your emotions and be excited about your future again.
We specialize in helping individuals manage stress, anxiety, depression, trauma and anger, and our highly skilled therapists have a wealth of experience in helping clients overcome these challenges.
Hi. I’m Liam Farrell. I’m a Counsellor and a Psychotherapist based in Limerick. More specifically I am someone who helps to spark change in people’s lives. I help individuals who want to feel satisfied with their lives but feel like no matter what they do it just leads to stress and frustration. I will support you in exploring your history and uncovering patterns you may not even be aware of so that you can begin to have more control of your emotions and be excited about your future again.
(01) 568 2872 x56 View (01) 568 2872 x56
Photo of Mary Stobie, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Mary Stobie
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I also have significant experience supporting clients with suicidal ideation, grief, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting, trauma, chronic illness, adoption and neurodiversity.
Hi, I am Mary Stobie and I'm glad you have found my profile. Life can sometimes feel overwhelming, but I’m here to offer support. Together, we can navigate through whatever challenges you may be facing. I provide a kind, compassionate, confidential and non-judgemental space where you’ll be genuinely heard and understood. I hold an honours degree in Counselling & Psychotherapy and am a fully accredited member (M14460) of the Irish Association of Counselling & Psychotherapy (IACP).
I also have significant experience supporting clients with suicidal ideation, grief, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting, trauma, chronic illness, adoption and neurodiversity.
Hi, I am Mary Stobie and I'm glad you have found my profile. Life can sometimes feel overwhelming, but I’m here to offer support. Together, we can navigate through whatever challenges you may be facing. I provide a kind, compassionate, confidential and non-judgemental space where you’ll be genuinely heard and understood. I hold an honours degree in Counselling & Psychotherapy and am a fully accredited member (M14460) of the Irish Association of Counselling & Psychotherapy (IACP).
(01) 233 7063 x63 View (01) 233 7063 x63
Photo of Louise Rossiter, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Louise Rossiter
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Rush, County Dublin K56
I work with adults experiencing emotional difficulties, ranging from (but not limited to) Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Grief, Loss, Stress, & family & work related issues.
Many people experience challenging emotions that they need help exploring. I offer a safe and supportive environment that supports this ,so you can explore any issues that might be affecting your overall well-being and happiness. In our sessions, you will be offered a therapeutic and non judgemental space to allow yourself to fully express yourself. We will work together to uncover and work through difficult emotions, offering you the opportunity to move towards self acceptance.
I work with adults experiencing emotional difficulties, ranging from (but not limited to) Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Grief, Loss, Stress, & family & work related issues.
Many people experience challenging emotions that they need help exploring. I offer a safe and supportive environment that supports this ,so you can explore any issues that might be affecting your overall well-being and happiness. In our sessions, you will be offered a therapeutic and non judgemental space to allow yourself to fully express yourself. We will work together to uncover and work through difficult emotions, offering you the opportunity to move towards self acceptance.
(01) 568 2872 x46 View (01) 568 2872 x46
Photo of Mou Sultana, Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Mou Sultana
Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Offers a comprehensive integrative view of the human psyche & specialises in trauma, parenting, sexuality, mood, behaviour, relationship & workplace difficulties.
Dr. Mou Sultana's practice is informed with evidence based techniques and integrative methods. Treatment plans are designed employing a collaborative approach with clients based on their individual needs to suit their individual goals at the pace of the client.
Offers a comprehensive integrative view of the human psyche & specialises in trauma, parenting, sexuality, mood, behaviour, relationship & workplace difficulties.
Dr. Mou Sultana's practice is informed with evidence based techniques and integrative methods. Treatment plans are designed employing a collaborative approach with clients based on their individual needs to suit their individual goals at the pace of the client.
086 254 1086 View 086 254 1086
Photo of Karen Foran - Karen Foran EMDR & Trauma Psychotherapist, Psychotherapist, MSc
Karen Foran EMDR & Trauma Psychotherapist
Psychotherapist, MSc
Verified Verified
Dublin, County D02
My speciality is working with trauma, specifically childhood and sexual trauma.
My area of expertise is working with sexual trauma, having worked within NHS as a senior trauma therapist & psychological therapist. Alongside my private practice I work as a trauma therapist for a charity specialising in sexual trauma. I have experience working with a wide range of difficulties such as anxiety, workplace stress & interpersonal abuse.
My speciality is working with trauma, specifically childhood and sexual trauma.
My area of expertise is working with sexual trauma, having worked within NHS as a senior trauma therapist & psychological therapist. Alongside my private practice I work as a trauma therapist for a charity specialising in sexual trauma. I have experience working with a wide range of difficulties such as anxiety, workplace stress & interpersonal abuse.
(01) 267 6675 x37 View (01) 267 6675 x37
Photo of Gavin Healy, Psychotherapist, MIACP
Gavin Healy
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Clondalkin, County Dublin D22
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking to speak with a trained trauma professional in confidential space of safety and empathy with zero judgement.
I work in private practice from a private and separate room at the side of my home in Clondalkin. I believe that it's only when you feel safe that this will allow us to focus on deep rooted sensitive issues that perhaps you find it difficult to share with others.
Are you looking to speak with a trained trauma professional in confidential space of safety and empathy with zero judgement.
I work in private practice from a private and separate room at the side of my home in Clondalkin. I believe that it's only when you feel safe that this will allow us to focus on deep rooted sensitive issues that perhaps you find it difficult to share with others.
087 668 3829 View 087 668 3829
Photo of Louise M Patterson, Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Louise M Patterson
Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have interests in the areas of attachment and trauma, I have spent 10 years working for the CARI Foundation, an organisation that provides support for families, children and teens who have experienced sexual abuse.
Currently I have a frw spaces available for Thursday mornings online. Please enquire if you are interested in Supervision. I am an adult, child and adolescent Psychotherapist. I have worked in a number of sectors including school settings, residential care settings, and for charitable bodies. I am passionate about working therapeutically with families, children and teens living with life challenges such as anxiety, bereavement, selective mutism, parental separation, foster and residential care, ADHD, Autism, bereavement, homelessness, amongst others.
I have interests in the areas of attachment and trauma, I have spent 10 years working for the CARI Foundation, an organisation that provides support for families, children and teens who have experienced sexual abuse.
Currently I have a frw spaces available for Thursday mornings online. Please enquire if you are interested in Supervision. I am an adult, child and adolescent Psychotherapist. I have worked in a number of sectors including school settings, residential care settings, and for charitable bodies. I am passionate about working therapeutically with families, children and teens living with life challenges such as anxiety, bereavement, selective mutism, parental separation, foster and residential care, ADHD, Autism, bereavement, homelessness, amongst others.
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Photo of Karolina Jurasik, Psychologist, MSc, MPSI
Karolina Jurasik
Psychologist, MSc, MPSI
Verified Verified
Dublin, County D02
I use an evidence-based, integrative approach in my work with clients, combining knowledge from a variety of therapeutic approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Informed Therapy, Systemic Therapy, Somatic Experiencing Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy and Gottman Method Couples Therapy.
I’m a fully qualified and registered psychologist, with a Master’s Degree in Psychology from University of Wroclaw, Poland. I’m a certified Gottman Method Couples Therapist, Somatic Experiencing Practitioner and a member of the Psychological Society of Ireland. I’ve been practicing in Dublin since 2013. I work with adults and couples and I’m available for both short-term and long-term therapy in English and Polish. I attend regular supervision as a part of ethical commitment to my work.
I use an evidence-based, integrative approach in my work with clients, combining knowledge from a variety of therapeutic approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Informed Therapy, Systemic Therapy, Somatic Experiencing Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy and Gottman Method Couples Therapy.
I’m a fully qualified and registered psychologist, with a Master’s Degree in Psychology from University of Wroclaw, Poland. I’m a certified Gottman Method Couples Therapist, Somatic Experiencing Practitioner and a member of the Psychological Society of Ireland. I’ve been practicing in Dublin since 2013. I work with adults and couples and I’m available for both short-term and long-term therapy in English and Polish. I attend regular supervision as a part of ethical commitment to my work.
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Photo of Tony Monahan Online Emdr, Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Tony Monahan Online Emdr
Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Verified Verified
Dublin, County D02
EMDR is an integrative approach to the treatment of trauma related symptoms, it incorporates both mind and body awareness and has been scientifically proven to alleviate the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD).
I have a vast knowledge of life issues with over thirty years of working in the community . I have worked with individuals who have encountered bereavement, addictions, anxiety, trauma and relationship breakdown. I help individuals to resolve trauma related disorders caused by exposure to distressing, traumatic or negative life events.
EMDR is an integrative approach to the treatment of trauma related symptoms, it incorporates both mind and body awareness and has been scientifically proven to alleviate the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD).
I have a vast knowledge of life issues with over thirty years of working in the community . I have worked with individuals who have encountered bereavement, addictions, anxiety, trauma and relationship breakdown. I help individuals to resolve trauma related disorders caused by exposure to distressing, traumatic or negative life events.
(01) 568 2872 x78 View (01) 568 2872 x78
Photo of Diana Murphy - Diana @Sonas Counselling Donegal , Psychotherapist
Diana @Sonas Counselling Donegal
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work from a body based psychotherapeutic approach, addressing trauma held within the body and working with the attachment patterns that cause life-long psychobiological symptoms and interpersonal difficulties.
I offer individual and couples counselling sessions online worldwide and also outdoor nature therapy sessions in person in Co. Donegal, Ireland. I facilitate mindfulness meditation groups, corporate wellbeing events and inner journeying workshops aligned with the major Celtic festivals. I hold a BA(hons) degree in Holistic Counselling and Psychotherapy. I have also completed training in couples counselling, online and telephone counselling, and am currently enrolled in the Somatic Experiencing Training programme with Somatic Experiencing Ireland.
I work from a body based psychotherapeutic approach, addressing trauma held within the body and working with the attachment patterns that cause life-long psychobiological symptoms and interpersonal difficulties.
I offer individual and couples counselling sessions online worldwide and also outdoor nature therapy sessions in person in Co. Donegal, Ireland. I facilitate mindfulness meditation groups, corporate wellbeing events and inner journeying workshops aligned with the major Celtic festivals. I hold a BA(hons) degree in Holistic Counselling and Psychotherapy. I have also completed training in couples counselling, online and telephone counselling, and am currently enrolled in the Somatic Experiencing Training programme with Somatic Experiencing Ireland.
(01) 267 6622 x44 View (01) 267 6622 x44
Trauma and PTSD Counsellors

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.