Counselling in TW10

Photo of Vesna Mandic-Bozic - VMB Counselling, Counsellor, MA, MUKCP
VMB Counselling
Counsellor, MA, MUKCP
Richmond TW10
My primary focus is to provide you with safe and effective therapy centered around respect and a commitment to your wellbeing. I help you with issues such as anxiety and depression, work related issues, stress and acute stress reactions, chronic health conditions, low self-esteem and relationship problems. I have special interest in working with adjustment issues and change. My approach is integrative, relational, and humanistic. I believe that the most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the therapeutic relationship between the client and the therapist.
My primary focus is to provide you with safe and effective therapy centered around respect and a commitment to your wellbeing. I help you with issues such as anxiety and depression, work related issues, stress and acute stress reactions, chronic health conditions, low self-esteem and relationship problems. I have special interest in working with adjustment issues and change. My approach is integrative, relational, and humanistic. I believe that the most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the therapeutic relationship between the client and the therapist.
020 3870 2462 View 020 3870 2462
Photo of Noor Akhtar - Talk in Therapy, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Talk in Therapy
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Online Only
talkintherapy.com - As a UK qualified CBT therapist, my passion lies in helping individuals achieve their best selves by prioritising their wellbeing and mental health. I am highly skilled in working with anxiety, depression, and many other mental health issues, and I approach each case with a distinct perspective, understanding that every individual's story and healing journey is unique. If you're looking for a therapist who is caring, compassionate, and committed to helping you achieve your goals, then look no further. I would be honoured to work with you on your journey towards healing and growth.
talkintherapy.com - As a UK qualified CBT therapist, my passion lies in helping individuals achieve their best selves by prioritising their wellbeing and mental health. I am highly skilled in working with anxiety, depression, and many other mental health issues, and I approach each case with a distinct perspective, understanding that every individual's story and healing journey is unique. If you're looking for a therapist who is caring, compassionate, and committed to helping you achieve your goals, then look no further. I would be honoured to work with you on your journey towards healing and growth.
020 4538 3031 View 020 4538 3031
Photo of Sarah Bristow-Bailey, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Sarah Bristow-Bailey
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Richmond TW10
Everyone feels overwhelmed or troubled at some point in their lives. It may feel like this is a strange and new experience, or it may be all too familiar. You may know clearly what you want to address or you may have only a vague sense of what feels wrong. I can help, I have experience and expertise to offer, and a willingness to understand what is going on for you and what brings you to therapy. Together we can explore and make some sense of your experience and feelings, and find new and lasting ways forward.
Everyone feels overwhelmed or troubled at some point in their lives. It may feel like this is a strange and new experience, or it may be all too familiar. You may know clearly what you want to address or you may have only a vague sense of what feels wrong. I can help, I have experience and expertise to offer, and a willingness to understand what is going on for you and what brings you to therapy. Together we can explore and make some sense of your experience and feelings, and find new and lasting ways forward.
020 3973 4003 View 020 3973 4003
Photo of Vesna Mandic-Bozic, Counsellor, MUKCP
Vesna Mandic-Bozic
Counsellor, MUKCP
Richmond TW10
Most people feel anxious, stressed or low at some point in their lives but often try to struggle through on their own. I understand how daunting it can be to seek professional advice but I have successfully helped many people with a wide variety of problems.
Most people feel anxious, stressed or low at some point in their lives but often try to struggle through on their own. I understand how daunting it can be to seek professional advice but I have successfully helped many people with a wide variety of problems.
07429 467635 View 07429 467635
Photo of Carolyn Thompson, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Carolyn Thompson
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Online Only
I work respectfully with a diverse range of clients and situations bringing a warm, supportive and non-judgemental approach. I work with many issues including, (but not exhaustive) sexual abuse and trauma, disassociation, PTSD and complex PDST, relationships, family dynamics, cancer, dementia, addictions and carer support. It is helpful to bring what may be troubling you, either from the past or present to the safety of a counselling relationship. Many people find they are then more confident to be able to make positive changes in their lives through counselling support. I offer a free 15-minute telephone consultation.
I work respectfully with a diverse range of clients and situations bringing a warm, supportive and non-judgemental approach. I work with many issues including, (but not exhaustive) sexual abuse and trauma, disassociation, PTSD and complex PDST, relationships, family dynamics, cancer, dementia, addictions and carer support. It is helpful to bring what may be troubling you, either from the past or present to the safety of a counselling relationship. Many people find they are then more confident to be able to make positive changes in their lives through counselling support. I offer a free 15-minute telephone consultation.
020 3929 2645 View 020 3929 2645
Photo of Dr Helen Childs, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Helen Childs
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
Hello, I’m Helen, a Clinical Psychologist and specialist in supporting individuals aged 3 to 25. Currently, I lead an NHS team that provides mental health support in primary and secondary schools across a London borough. My experience means I have developed a deep understanding of the unique challenges that children, teens, and young adults face today. I am passionate about offering tailored support to help individuals build resilience, develop effective coping strategies and thrive.
Hello, I’m Helen, a Clinical Psychologist and specialist in supporting individuals aged 3 to 25. Currently, I lead an NHS team that provides mental health support in primary and secondary schools across a London borough. My experience means I have developed a deep understanding of the unique challenges that children, teens, and young adults face today. I am passionate about offering tailored support to help individuals build resilience, develop effective coping strategies and thrive.
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Photo of Daniela Marinova - Richmond Counselling , Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Richmond Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Richmond TW10
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or the weight of grief and trauma? I’m Daniela, a BACP-registered psychotherapist with over 10 years of experience in integrative counselling and psychotherapy, supporting adults, young people, and couples through challenges like bereavement, trauma, loneliness, and relationship struggles. I use a holistic approach that blends mindfulness, mind-body techniques, and NLP to help you navigate life’s transitions. Together, we’ll create a compassionate, non-judgmental space to explore what’s holding you back and work toward greater resilience, clarity, and healing.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or the weight of grief and trauma? I’m Daniela, a BACP-registered psychotherapist with over 10 years of experience in integrative counselling and psychotherapy, supporting adults, young people, and couples through challenges like bereavement, trauma, loneliness, and relationship struggles. I use a holistic approach that blends mindfulness, mind-body techniques, and NLP to help you navigate life’s transitions. Together, we’ll create a compassionate, non-judgmental space to explore what’s holding you back and work toward greater resilience, clarity, and healing.
020 4572 1375 View 020 4572 1375
Photo of Lisa Jane Williams - Lisa Williams Therapy, Counsellor, MBACP
Lisa Williams Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Richmond TW10
I am an Integrative Counsellor and hypnotherapist and have been working in private practice for 6 years. My therapy room is in my garden and is well ventilated and thoroughly sanitised between clients with my chairs spaced 2 metres apart in line with current government advice during the current pandemic to keep my clients safe. I also offer online therapy via Skype, Zoom WhatsApp or FaceTime. I can help clients with anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Confidence and Self-esteem, Weight control ,addiction, Smoking cessation, Relationship issues, Trauma, Healing the inner child. I use a combination of Counselling, Hypnotherapy CBT and NLP
I am an Integrative Counsellor and hypnotherapist and have been working in private practice for 6 years. My therapy room is in my garden and is well ventilated and thoroughly sanitised between clients with my chairs spaced 2 metres apart in line with current government advice during the current pandemic to keep my clients safe. I also offer online therapy via Skype, Zoom WhatsApp or FaceTime. I can help clients with anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Confidence and Self-esteem, Weight control ,addiction, Smoking cessation, Relationship issues, Trauma, Healing the inner child. I use a combination of Counselling, Hypnotherapy CBT and NLP
020 3984 9047 View 020 3984 9047
Photo of Francesca Jackson, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Francesca Jackson
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Richmond TW10
Life can feel overwhelming or uncertain at times, and it’s not always easy to make sense of what we’re thinking or feeling, even with support around us. Therapy can offer a space to pause, reflect, and begin to understand what’s going on beneath the surface. I offer a calm, supportive space where we can explore your experiences together. Whether you're feeling stuck, anxious, facing relationship challenges, or simply unsure of your next steps, we can work at your pace to find a way forward. My approach is collaborativey tailored to you, drawing from a range of therapeutic perspectives, to support deeper self-understanding.
Life can feel overwhelming or uncertain at times, and it’s not always easy to make sense of what we’re thinking or feeling, even with support around us. Therapy can offer a space to pause, reflect, and begin to understand what’s going on beneath the surface. I offer a calm, supportive space where we can explore your experiences together. Whether you're feeling stuck, anxious, facing relationship challenges, or simply unsure of your next steps, we can work at your pace to find a way forward. My approach is collaborativey tailored to you, drawing from a range of therapeutic perspectives, to support deeper self-understanding.
01748 906364 View 01748 906364
Photo of Edward Archer, Counsellor, MBACP
Edward Archer
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Richmond TW10
Hi, I’m Edward, I’m a counsellor and I’ve trained in range of therapies including the main schools of psychotherapy. These different therapies are integrated into my practice and I bring the parts that I think will be most useful in responding to your specific needs. My experience includes private practice, charity sector work and NHS referrals.
Hi, I’m Edward, I’m a counsellor and I’ve trained in range of therapies including the main schools of psychotherapy. These different therapies are integrated into my practice and I bring the parts that I think will be most useful in responding to your specific needs. My experience includes private practice, charity sector work and NHS referrals.
020 3988 4355 View 020 3988 4355
Photo of Issaka Jone Zango, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Issaka Jone Zango
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Online Only
Life is difficult, confusing and scary sometimes, we can feel misunderstood and overwhelmed by issues that seem to multiply by the day. Perhaps you have a vision of where you want to go but no way to get there, perhaps even planning what you want for dinner is a struggle. You may be anxious, depressed, lost, grieving, searching for direction or struggling to cope with it all. I understand. Speaking about emotional pain can feel risky. Discovering the honesty and courage to put your experience into words can contribute to developing insight, self-confidence and self-respect.
Life is difficult, confusing and scary sometimes, we can feel misunderstood and overwhelmed by issues that seem to multiply by the day. Perhaps you have a vision of where you want to go but no way to get there, perhaps even planning what you want for dinner is a struggle. You may be anxious, depressed, lost, grieving, searching for direction or struggling to cope with it all. I understand. Speaking about emotional pain can feel risky. Discovering the honesty and courage to put your experience into words can contribute to developing insight, self-confidence and self-respect.
01748 900157 View 01748 900157
Will Llewellyn
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol
Online Only
I have been working in the NHS for more than 7 years and split my time between working in the NHS and Private Practice. I am experienced working with people with a wide range of mental health difficulties including those who have been admitted to hospital. I am experienced in the assessment and treatment planning with individuals to help guide interventions that are meaningful for the them. I also carry out Autism assessments virtually at the cost of £1600, please contact for further information
I have been working in the NHS for more than 7 years and split my time between working in the NHS and Private Practice. I am experienced working with people with a wide range of mental health difficulties including those who have been admitted to hospital. I am experienced in the assessment and treatment planning with individuals to help guide interventions that are meaningful for the them. I also carry out Autism assessments virtually at the cost of £1600, please contact for further information
01748 901738 View 01748 901738
Photo of Petar Rodic, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Petar Rodic
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Richmond TW10
Are you struggling in life?  Have you worked on yourself in conventional therapy but are seeking a holistic treatment that enables you to dig deeper into your psyche or integrate your spiritual journey into everyday life?  Is trauma, anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem making it hard to cope with life’s problems and reach your full potential?  Are you in recovery but finding it hard to connect with your higher self?  Do you and your partner constantly fight or have problems relating to each other?  Are you considering seeing a therapist to help you better understand why you think and behave the way you do?
Are you struggling in life?  Have you worked on yourself in conventional therapy but are seeking a holistic treatment that enables you to dig deeper into your psyche or integrate your spiritual journey into everyday life?  Is trauma, anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem making it hard to cope with life’s problems and reach your full potential?  Are you in recovery but finding it hard to connect with your higher self?  Do you and your partner constantly fight or have problems relating to each other?  Are you considering seeing a therapist to help you better understand why you think and behave the way you do?
07481 343868 View 07481 343868
Photo of Dr Jerome Mak, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Dr Jerome Mak
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Richmond TW10
We encounter various kinds of difficulties and challenges every day. At times, it can be challenging to open up to others, therefore leading to feelings of confusion and a sense of powerlessness. Recently, many individuals from Hong Kong who have relocated to the UK have faced setbacks in their social, professional, or academic pursuits. Such challenges often stem from uncertainties surrounding self-image and self-worth while adapting to a new environment. If you find yourself in a similar situation, exploring yourself through psychological counseling can provide you with more effective means to understand and address these emotions
We encounter various kinds of difficulties and challenges every day. At times, it can be challenging to open up to others, therefore leading to feelings of confusion and a sense of powerlessness. Recently, many individuals from Hong Kong who have relocated to the UK have faced setbacks in their social, professional, or academic pursuits. Such challenges often stem from uncertainties surrounding self-image and self-worth while adapting to a new environment. If you find yourself in a similar situation, exploring yourself through psychological counseling can provide you with more effective means to understand and address these emotions
01446 500899 View 01446 500899
Photo of Samantha Chapman-Allen, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Samantha Chapman-Allen
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Online Only
Do you feel trapped in cycles of perfectionism, constantly striving yet never feeling "good enough"? Perhaps you have recently discovered you might have ADHD, and suddenly years of struggling with focus, organisation, and self-doubt make sense. You want to understand your unique brain, build genuine confidence, and create systems that actually work for you. The constant overthinking, procrastination, and feeling like an imposter is exhausting. You are ready for change but need support from someone who truly understands these challenges.
Do you feel trapped in cycles of perfectionism, constantly striving yet never feeling "good enough"? Perhaps you have recently discovered you might have ADHD, and suddenly years of struggling with focus, organisation, and self-doubt make sense. You want to understand your unique brain, build genuine confidence, and create systems that actually work for you. The constant overthinking, procrastination, and feeling like an imposter is exhausting. You are ready for change but need support from someone who truly understands these challenges.
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Photo of Jessy Woods, Counsellor, MBACP
Jessy Woods
Counsellor, MBACP
Richmond TW10
Not accepting new clients
My name is Jessy, and I am an integrative counsellor and accredited with the BACP. I am a counsellor and psychotherapist, which means I draw upon different therapeutic approaches to fit the specific needs of the client. I adapt integrative psychotherapy to your individual needs, where you can start to learn about yourself and process your experience and heal. I always try to offer an inclusive and diverse space for all clients that want to feel accepted without judgment. I am committed to helping and supporting trans and non-binary and gender diverse people of all ethnicities and sexual orientations.
My name is Jessy, and I am an integrative counsellor and accredited with the BACP. I am a counsellor and psychotherapist, which means I draw upon different therapeutic approaches to fit the specific needs of the client. I adapt integrative psychotherapy to your individual needs, where you can start to learn about yourself and process your experience and heal. I always try to offer an inclusive and diverse space for all clients that want to feel accepted without judgment. I am committed to helping and supporting trans and non-binary and gender diverse people of all ethnicities and sexual orientations.
020 3828 7094 View 020 3828 7094
Photo of Simy Jewell, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Simy Jewell
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Richmond TW10
My previous career as a scriptwriter has led me to be particularly attended to clients' narratives. Each individual has their unique story to tell. Each contains elements of significant people,conflicts, struggles and resources. It may impact the way we see ourselves, others and the world. By engaging in the process of therapy, we may open up new possibilities and to rewrite our stories.
My previous career as a scriptwriter has led me to be particularly attended to clients' narratives. Each individual has their unique story to tell. Each contains elements of significant people,conflicts, struggles and resources. It may impact the way we see ourselves, others and the world. By engaging in the process of therapy, we may open up new possibilities and to rewrite our stories.
020 3974 2070 View 020 3974 2070
Photo of Omur Koluman, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Omur Koluman
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
2 Endorsed
Richmond TW10
I’m an experienced Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, with a proven track record of success. I work with the Priory, a leading private mental health provider in the UK. I am passionate about supporting individuals in overcoming challenges such as anxiety, depression, stress, and low self-esteem. Using evidence-based techniques, I help clients understand and change unhelpful thought patterns, enabling them to feel more in control of their emotions and actions. I offer a warm, professional, and non-judgmental space where you can feel heard, understood, and supported throughout your therapeutic journey.
I’m an experienced Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, with a proven track record of success. I work with the Priory, a leading private mental health provider in the UK. I am passionate about supporting individuals in overcoming challenges such as anxiety, depression, stress, and low self-esteem. Using evidence-based techniques, I help clients understand and change unhelpful thought patterns, enabling them to feel more in control of their emotions and actions. I offer a warm, professional, and non-judgmental space where you can feel heard, understood, and supported throughout your therapeutic journey.
020 3540 7278 View 020 3540 7278
Photo of Lisa Meighan, Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Lisa Meighan
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Online Only
Schedule your session today. No waiting lists or travelling. Life can be challenging, but you’re not alone and I’m here to support you every step of the way. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, work towards your goals, and create a path forward that feels right for you. Our sessions will move at a pace that works for you, whether that’s fast or slow, and I’ll be with you every step of the journey. For those who prefer a different approach, I also offer text-based and audio therapy as a convenient and comfortable alternative to video sessions.
Schedule your session today. No waiting lists or travelling. Life can be challenging, but you’re not alone and I’m here to support you every step of the way. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, work towards your goals, and create a path forward that feels right for you. Our sessions will move at a pace that works for you, whether that’s fast or slow, and I’ll be with you every step of the journey. For those who prefer a different approach, I also offer text-based and audio therapy as a convenient and comfortable alternative to video sessions.
01323 679502 View 01323 679502
Photo of Dr Denise Borbolla, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Denise Borbolla
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Richmond TW10
Waitlist for new clients
I am a qualified Counselling Psychologist offering therapy to older adolescents and adults. I am trained to a Doctoral level, which means that I provide evidence-based therapy using different therapeutic models and have several years of supervised training across different healthcare sectors. I have worked in the public health sector for several years (GP, NHS and local authority), where I met with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, chronic health difficulties, low self-esteem, trauma, and neurodiversity-related challenges. I currently work in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in London.
I am a qualified Counselling Psychologist offering therapy to older adolescents and adults. I am trained to a Doctoral level, which means that I provide evidence-based therapy using different therapeutic models and have several years of supervised training across different healthcare sectors. I have worked in the public health sector for several years (GP, NHS and local authority), where I met with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, chronic health difficulties, low self-esteem, trauma, and neurodiversity-related challenges. I currently work in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in London.
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in TW10

100+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in TW10 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Self Esteem
86% Relationship Issues
85% Stress
83% Depression
64% Trauma and PTSD
60% Bereavement

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aviva
57% AXA PPP
52% WPA

How Counsellors in TW10 see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in TW10?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.