Counselling in Scotland
Evangelia Botsaki
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH1
I am a CBT, Trauma-Focused therapist and I have experience working with clients who have experienced anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, life changes, loss, relationship issues, self-confidence issues. My goal is to help you find your own solutions – whether that is making effective changes in your life or change the way you view yourself and others and experience relationships. Therapy is a safe and confidential space for you to talk about any issues or concerns you might have.
I am a CBT, Trauma-Focused therapist and I have experience working with clients who have experienced anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, life changes, loss, relationship issues, self-confidence issues. My goal is to help you find your own solutions – whether that is making effective changes in your life or change the way you view yourself and others and experience relationships. Therapy is a safe and confidential space for you to talk about any issues or concerns you might have.
Dr Corinna Panagou - Trauma Therapist
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH8 (Online Only)
My expertise extends from mild to severe clinical presentations, including anxiety, OCD, depression, self-esteem issues, grief, burn-out, relational difficulties, personality disorders, PTSD, complex trauma, and abuse.
Warm welcome, I'm Corinna, an academic and a registered Clinical Psychologist with doctoral-level training in evidence-based therapies, and a profound interest in trauma, and relationship issues. I bring extensive experience from diverse NHS settings, working with various age groups. My integrative approach includes CBT, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, ACT, Schema Therapy, and DBT, enriched by psychodynamic insights. I am also trained in Flash and EMDR for trauma. I combine therapies for a personalized and tailored approach to each client's unique needs.
My expertise extends from mild to severe clinical presentations, including anxiety, OCD, depression, self-esteem issues, grief, burn-out, relational difficulties, personality disorders, PTSD, complex trauma, and abuse.
Warm welcome, I'm Corinna, an academic and a registered Clinical Psychologist with doctoral-level training in evidence-based therapies, and a profound interest in trauma, and relationship issues. I bring extensive experience from diverse NHS settings, working with various age groups. My integrative approach includes CBT, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, ACT, Schema Therapy, and DBT, enriched by psychodynamic insights. I am also trained in Flash and EMDR for trauma. I combine therapies for a personalized and tailored approach to each client's unique needs.
Tabitha Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Berwick-upon-Tweed TD15
I specialise in PTSD, Complex PTSD, loss, anxiety and relationships but this is not exhaustive.
I am an integrative psychotherapist working with adults and couples. Integrative means that I have many tools and can adapt my style to meet my clients needs. I also work as an EMDR therapist which can help with trauma, phobias and anxiety and I work with Couples. I work online and am also working online for the NHS via Xyla Digital Therapies and also for the charity Lancashire Women.
I specialise in PTSD, Complex PTSD, loss, anxiety and relationships but this is not exhaustive.
I am an integrative psychotherapist working with adults and couples. Integrative means that I have many tools and can adapt my style to meet my clients needs. I also work as an EMDR therapist which can help with trauma, phobias and anxiety and I work with Couples. I work online and am also working online for the NHS via Xyla Digital Therapies and also for the charity Lancashire Women.
Mama’S Worth - Pregnancy Perinatal Counselling Katalin Thomann
Counsellor, MSc, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH3
My passion for wanting to support mums was borne out of my own difficult journey into motherhood. A challenging pregnancy and a traumatic birth followed by severe postnatal depression and PTSD fuelled my drive to working with mums to make their journeys more manageable and enjoyable. Having worked hard on recovering from this difficult start to motherhood, I went on to train as a counsellor at the University of Edinburgh (MSc) and Chrysalis (Postgraduate Diploma). I have completed numerous trainings on trauma - specifically birth trauma and continue to participate in CPDs to inform my practice as a perinatal mental health therapist
My passion for wanting to support mums was borne out of my own difficult journey into motherhood. A challenging pregnancy and a traumatic birth followed by severe postnatal depression and PTSD fuelled my drive to working with mums to make their journeys more manageable and enjoyable. Having worked hard on recovering from this difficult start to motherhood, I went on to train as a counsellor at the University of Edinburgh (MSc) and Chrysalis (Postgraduate Diploma). I have completed numerous trainings on trauma - specifically birth trauma and continue to participate in CPDs to inform my practice as a perinatal mental health therapist
Finola Sparshott-McDaid
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Glasgow G77
As a Lead Specialist Principal Clinical Psychologist, who has worked across the lifespan, with those who have experienced a wide range of difficulties including burnout, depression, anxiety, psychological trauma (PTSD/CPTSD), phobias, OCD, emotional difficulties, health conditions and adjustment to life changes and events.
Life can be difficult to manage at times, especially when stressors build up, or we experience difficult events. Our early life experiences may also impact our view of ourselves, our behaviour, and our mood. This can prevent us from feeling at our best. Sometimes we may not know why we feel down or worried. Psychological talking therapy acts to increase understanding of why a person may feel a certain way and offers approaches to improving mood and mental wellbeing. Foremost, my aim is always to create a respectful and supportive environment where you will be listened to, and together we can work towards your therapy goals.
As a Lead Specialist Principal Clinical Psychologist, who has worked across the lifespan, with those who have experienced a wide range of difficulties including burnout, depression, anxiety, psychological trauma (PTSD/CPTSD), phobias, OCD, emotional difficulties, health conditions and adjustment to life changes and events.
Life can be difficult to manage at times, especially when stressors build up, or we experience difficult events. Our early life experiences may also impact our view of ourselves, our behaviour, and our mood. This can prevent us from feeling at our best. Sometimes we may not know why we feel down or worried. Psychological talking therapy acts to increase understanding of why a person may feel a certain way and offers approaches to improving mood and mental wellbeing. Foremost, my aim is always to create a respectful and supportive environment where you will be listened to, and together we can work towards your therapy goals.
Tom Lawrence
Psychotherapist, MHGI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edinburgh EH3
If you are suffering from anxiety - depression/low mood - stress - anger problems - panic attacks - phobias - low self-esteem - self-harming - eating disorders - post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, including military) - addiction (all kinds) - obsessions (OCD) - sleep problems - relationship problems, I can help. Difficulties can often be resolved within only a few sessions – sometimes just one – and in this way can provide good value for money.
If you are suffering from anxiety - depression/low mood - stress - anger problems - panic attacks - phobias - low self-esteem - self-harming - eating disorders - post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, including military) - addiction (all kinds) - obsessions (OCD) - sleep problems - relationship problems, I can help. Difficulties can often be resolved within only a few sessions – sometimes just one – and in this way can provide good value for money.
Sarah Grant
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G31
I have experience of working with anxiety, bereavement, trauma, PTSD, depression and gender dysphoria.
Finding a therapist who you feel really "gets you" is not always easy and can take time. From personal experience I know how invaluable therapy can be when you share your vulnerabilities and receive compassion without judgement in return. Whatever is bringing you to counselling at this time in your life, I would offer you an open and honest space to share your feelings without fear of rejection. I would be privileged to help in your search for the answers that you are looking for to move forward from where you are now, and in doing so help you feel more at peace within yourself.
I have experience of working with anxiety, bereavement, trauma, PTSD, depression and gender dysphoria.
Finding a therapist who you feel really "gets you" is not always easy and can take time. From personal experience I know how invaluable therapy can be when you share your vulnerabilities and receive compassion without judgement in return. Whatever is bringing you to counselling at this time in your life, I would offer you an open and honest space to share your feelings without fear of rejection. I would be privileged to help in your search for the answers that you are looking for to move forward from where you are now, and in doing so help you feel more at peace within yourself.
Dr Alan Grieve (Consultant Clinical Psychologist)
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Lochgelly KY5
I am a Consultant Clinical Psychologist and have a special interest in helping people with different issues including PTSD and complex trauma. I also help people with many other difficulties including anxiety, phobias, anger, depression, low self-esteem and OCD. I qualified in 2010, but have been working in the area of mental health since 2003. I work with adults and children and adolescents of 12 years and over. Please call me and we can discuss if I am the right person to help you with your difficulties.
I am a Consultant Clinical Psychologist and have a special interest in helping people with different issues including PTSD and complex trauma. I also help people with many other difficulties including anxiety, phobias, anger, depression, low self-esteem and OCD. I qualified in 2010, but have been working in the area of mental health since 2003. I work with adults and children and adolescents of 12 years and over. Please call me and we can discuss if I am the right person to help you with your difficulties.
Yvonne McNeill
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G2
At Yorkhill Childrens’ Hospital, Cross House Paediatic Unit and Glasgow Royal Infirmary, I helped children and adults manage illness, pain and invasive treatments. In Maternity & Neonatal Services, I supported couples during pregnancy, after traumatic birth and loss and supported families with babies in SCBU and ICU. I've worked in Adult Services, both in community mental health services and alongside the medical profession in hospitals. I worked for more than six years at the Canniesburn Plastic Surgery and Burns unit supporting individuals with poor body image, changes in functioning due to illness or injury and PTSD.
At Yorkhill Childrens’ Hospital, Cross House Paediatic Unit and Glasgow Royal Infirmary, I helped children and adults manage illness, pain and invasive treatments. In Maternity & Neonatal Services, I supported couples during pregnancy, after traumatic birth and loss and supported families with babies in SCBU and ICU. I've worked in Adult Services, both in community mental health services and alongside the medical profession in hospitals. I worked for more than six years at the Canniesburn Plastic Surgery and Burns unit supporting individuals with poor body image, changes in functioning due to illness or injury and PTSD.
Jodie Slee
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, COSRT General
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH1 (Online Only)
I also have specialist training in EMDR for PTSD and trauma.
I am an experienced, fully qualified psychotherapist specialising in Psychosexual, Relationship Therapy and EMDR therapy. I am qualified at MSC level and have over 15 years' experience of helping a diverse range of couples and individuals overcome relationship issues, sexual problems or trauma. I operate confidential and judgment free practice using an integrative therapeutic style, tailored to meet the individual needs of each client and work proactively using up to date strategies in psychology and behavioural sciences to help clients meet their therapeutic goals.
I also have specialist training in EMDR for PTSD and trauma.
I am an experienced, fully qualified psychotherapist specialising in Psychosexual, Relationship Therapy and EMDR therapy. I am qualified at MSC level and have over 15 years' experience of helping a diverse range of couples and individuals overcome relationship issues, sexual problems or trauma. I operate confidential and judgment free practice using an integrative therapeutic style, tailored to meet the individual needs of each client and work proactively using up to date strategies in psychology and behavioural sciences to help clients meet their therapeutic goals.
Anne Marie McKinley
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G1
In my years of experience working as a Trauma Therapist. I worked within the NHS and treated trauma alongside PTSD responses to birth as a midwife and trauma therapist. Private practice includes working with life concerns such as depression, PTSD, dissociative conditions, and relationship stresses in any of life's circumstances. I am happy to work with almost any general life issue. Examples include GRI, sexual or other abuse, rape, and lifelong bullying are frequent concerns in therapy, and couple therapy is of particular interest. I use EMDR, Rewind, and Trauma-focused CBT in a person-centred approach and work with clients online
In my years of experience working as a Trauma Therapist. I worked within the NHS and treated trauma alongside PTSD responses to birth as a midwife and trauma therapist. Private practice includes working with life concerns such as depression, PTSD, dissociative conditions, and relationship stresses in any of life's circumstances. I am happy to work with almost any general life issue. Examples include GRI, sexual or other abuse, rape, and lifelong bullying are frequent concerns in therapy, and couple therapy is of particular interest. I use EMDR, Rewind, and Trauma-focused CBT in a person-centred approach and work with clients online
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Dr Nadia Balmain
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G1
Hi, I’m Dr Nadia Balmain. Thank you for taking the time to look at my profile. I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist and an accredited EMDR Practitioner. I have provided psychotherapy for over ten years both in the NHS and in private practice. I offer therapy for many different problems, but I have a special interest in providing therapy for PTSD, complex Trauma, Anxiety and Depression. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) is the gold standard treatment for PTSD and is recommended by NICE guidelines. EMDR helps clients to process traumatic and distressing experiences which are causing the present-day symptoms.
Hi, I’m Dr Nadia Balmain. Thank you for taking the time to look at my profile. I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist and an accredited EMDR Practitioner. I have provided psychotherapy for over ten years both in the NHS and in private practice. I offer therapy for many different problems, but I have a special interest in providing therapy for PTSD, complex Trauma, Anxiety and Depression. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) is the gold standard treatment for PTSD and is recommended by NICE guidelines. EMDR helps clients to process traumatic and distressing experiences which are causing the present-day symptoms.
Aye Psychology
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G46 (Online Only)
I have experience working with a diverse range of mental health concerns varying in complexity and severity such as: Trauma, Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), Depression, Anxiety disorders, OCD, Bereavement, Life Transitions, Relationship Difficulties and Loss.
Throughout life we are presented with uncertainties and difficulties, some can be overwhelming and take a toll over our mental wellbeing, physical health and come in the way of being able to lead the meaningful lives we wish to have. If you are struggling with repeated unhelpful patterns of thinking and behaving, wish to explore means of taking care of your mental health and build an understanding of how challenges have impacted on you, accessing psychological therapy could help you to make meaningful change and/ or build acceptance in your life. Aye Psychology is committed to supporting you and I look forward to hearing from you.
I have experience working with a diverse range of mental health concerns varying in complexity and severity such as: Trauma, Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), Depression, Anxiety disorders, OCD, Bereavement, Life Transitions, Relationship Difficulties and Loss.
Throughout life we are presented with uncertainties and difficulties, some can be overwhelming and take a toll over our mental wellbeing, physical health and come in the way of being able to lead the meaningful lives we wish to have. If you are struggling with repeated unhelpful patterns of thinking and behaving, wish to explore means of taking care of your mental health and build an understanding of how challenges have impacted on you, accessing psychological therapy could help you to make meaningful change and/ or build acceptance in your life. Aye Psychology is committed to supporting you and I look forward to hearing from you.
Marianna Remmouche
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH1
I will help you to understand your fears and worries, walking back along your childhood and early life experience to discover where everything began. I will support you with Anxiety, Delression, PTSD and Trauma, OCD, Panic Attack and Panic Disorder, Infertility and Unexplained Secondary Infertility, Inner Child reconnection, Low Self Esteem, and together we will find a new approach to life to improve your mental and physical well-being. I am a bilingual CBT therapist and counsellor, offering psychotherapy in English and Italian.
I will help you to understand your fears and worries, walking back along your childhood and early life experience to discover where everything began. I will support you with Anxiety, Delression, PTSD and Trauma, OCD, Panic Attack and Panic Disorder, Infertility and Unexplained Secondary Infertility, Inner Child reconnection, Low Self Esteem, and together we will find a new approach to life to improve your mental and physical well-being. I am a bilingual CBT therapist and counsellor, offering psychotherapy in English and Italian.
Tracy Uttridge Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bathgate EH47
I'm also a practitioner in the REWIND technique aimed at alleviating traumatic events, PTSD and Phobias.
Hello and welcome. Starting counselling can feel worrisome even if you have attended counselling previously. We all have our reasons for approaching counselling; stress, overwhelm, depression, anxiety, grief and trauma impacts can seem to control everything including our behaviours, relationships, and work - our lives in general. Working with warmth and building trust is at the core of my approach. By taking one step at a time, in a contained space we can work collaboratively in achieving your aims and help you see your life and yourself in a different light.
I'm also a practitioner in the REWIND technique aimed at alleviating traumatic events, PTSD and Phobias.
Hello and welcome. Starting counselling can feel worrisome even if you have attended counselling previously. We all have our reasons for approaching counselling; stress, overwhelm, depression, anxiety, grief and trauma impacts can seem to control everything including our behaviours, relationships, and work - our lives in general. Working with warmth and building trust is at the core of my approach. By taking one step at a time, in a contained space we can work collaboratively in achieving your aims and help you see your life and yourself in a different light.
Emma Parish
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G61
I am a Cognitive Behaviour Therapist(CBT) providing evidence base psychotherapy for people over the age of 16 struggling with various presenting issues: Bereavement, Depression, Phobias Social/Health anxiety, Relationship troubles, Abuse, OCD, PTSD.
A warm welcome to you. Challenges that you might be facing right now, may seem small on the outside but can actually be very big on the inside which may be stopping you from enjoying and living life to the full. You can't change the past but you can change the influence that the past is having on you. I aim to offer you a safe, private and peaceful space to talk about the difficulties you are facing, to reflect on past experiences that may have left you anxious or depressed, and to work alongside you in making the changes that you feel you need. I am an member of the British Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapists (BACP)
I am a Cognitive Behaviour Therapist(CBT) providing evidence base psychotherapy for people over the age of 16 struggling with various presenting issues: Bereavement, Depression, Phobias Social/Health anxiety, Relationship troubles, Abuse, OCD, PTSD.
A warm welcome to you. Challenges that you might be facing right now, may seem small on the outside but can actually be very big on the inside which may be stopping you from enjoying and living life to the full. You can't change the past but you can change the influence that the past is having on you. I aim to offer you a safe, private and peaceful space to talk about the difficulties you are facing, to reflect on past experiences that may have left you anxious or depressed, and to work alongside you in making the changes that you feel you need. I am an member of the British Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapists (BACP)
Morag Ormiston
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Aberdeen AB10
Hi, my name is Morag and I thoroughly enjoy supporting individuals and groups through challenging periods using CBT or CFT. I have been in a supportive role for many years from teaching to HR and now and Accredited Therapist. I work online and in person in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. I really enjoy the collaborative approach that CBT/CFT offers so finding a time to suit us is essential. I also facilitate groups with professional colleagues, again online or in person. I happily work with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, phobias, emotional distress, stress, panic disorder, OCD, PTSD and complex PTSD, grief and ADHD.
Hi, my name is Morag and I thoroughly enjoy supporting individuals and groups through challenging periods using CBT or CFT. I have been in a supportive role for many years from teaching to HR and now and Accredited Therapist. I work online and in person in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. I really enjoy the collaborative approach that CBT/CFT offers so finding a time to suit us is essential. I also facilitate groups with professional colleagues, again online or in person. I happily work with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, phobias, emotional distress, stress, panic disorder, OCD, PTSD and complex PTSD, grief and ADHD.
Richard John Mann
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G44
www.richardmanncounselling.com. As a therapist working in the NHS I am looking to develop my private practice. I believe that therapy should be tailored specially for your individual needs -whether anxiety, depression, self esteem or PTSD - and I provide a relaxed, safe space where you can feel free to share your issues confidentially and without judgement. I like to work in a collaborative way, helping you learn more about yourself, your issues and developing strategies to manage them. My life experience is working with alcohol addiction, neuropathy, cancer and in high profile, high pressure environments with work-related stress.
www.richardmanncounselling.com. As a therapist working in the NHS I am looking to develop my private practice. I believe that therapy should be tailored specially for your individual needs -whether anxiety, depression, self esteem or PTSD - and I provide a relaxed, safe space where you can feel free to share your issues confidentially and without judgement. I like to work in a collaborative way, helping you learn more about yourself, your issues and developing strategies to manage them. My life experience is working with alcohol addiction, neuropathy, cancer and in high profile, high pressure environments with work-related stress.
Darren Neal
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Edinburgh EH1 (Online Only)
Being understood and accepted, without judgement and with compassion, is the most important experience we can receive from another person. I have a extensive experience working with trauma(PTSD&CPTSD), bereavement, anxiety (fear), abuse, mental health issues, depression as well as general feelings of hopelessness and sadness and I will offer my experience and knowledge to help empower you to experience yourself, understand yourself and feel more confidant and emotionally connected. I am a registered member of the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy) and I can be found on their website.
Being understood and accepted, without judgement and with compassion, is the most important experience we can receive from another person. I have a extensive experience working with trauma(PTSD&CPTSD), bereavement, anxiety (fear), abuse, mental health issues, depression as well as general feelings of hopelessness and sadness and I will offer my experience and knowledge to help empower you to experience yourself, understand yourself and feel more confidant and emotionally connected. I am a registered member of the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy) and I can be found on their website.
Dr Zoe Marie Gotts
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edinburgh EH1
Dr Zoe Gotts PhD, DClinPsy, is a HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Specialist. Zoe works with adults (age 16+) with a wide range of mental and physical health problems. She offers evidence based psychological assessment and treatment for psychological, emotional and behavioural difficulties, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, adjusting to medical conditions, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Zoe offers a range of therapies including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), trauma-focused therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
Dr Zoe Gotts PhD, DClinPsy, is a HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Specialist. Zoe works with adults (age 16+) with a wide range of mental and physical health problems. She offers evidence based psychological assessment and treatment for psychological, emotional and behavioural difficulties, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, adjusting to medical conditions, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Zoe offers a range of therapies including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), trauma-focused therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
See more therapy options for Scotland
Trauma and PTSD Counsellors
When should I seek treatment for trauma?
Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.
How long does trauma therapy take?
Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.
What happens if trauma is left untreated?
Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.
Can PTSD come back after treatment?
It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.