Photo of Katherine Taylor, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Katherine Taylor
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Katherine is a specialised Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and Nutritionist. Katherine's private practice offers support for a range of mental health challenges such as disordered eating, anxiety, depression and trauma. Katherine practices holistically, combining her knowledge of nutrition and evidence-based psychotherapy to offer a unique and highly effective experience for her clients. Katherine is an accredited member of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies. Katherine also offers monthly wellness coaching.
Katherine is a specialised Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and Nutritionist. Katherine's private practice offers support for a range of mental health challenges such as disordered eating, anxiety, depression and trauma. Katherine practices holistically, combining her knowledge of nutrition and evidence-based psychotherapy to offer a unique and highly effective experience for her clients. Katherine is an accredited member of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies. Katherine also offers monthly wellness coaching.
01892 571822 View 01892 571822
Photo of Mike McCarthy, Counsellor, MBACP
Mike McCarthy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
If you are considering having counselling then the chances are you are experiencing some sort of difficulty. This could be in relation to a major loss or disappointment, your lifestyle, relationships or life changes. It is the internal experiences which follow these life situations that can make it so difficult. Anger, stress, grief, depression, shame and anxiety being a few examples. I offer care, acceptance, and an empathic environment where you can be deeply heard and understood; this therapeutic atmosphere creates conditions for effective counselling to happen. Often talking about what is inside can bring a tremendous release.
If you are considering having counselling then the chances are you are experiencing some sort of difficulty. This could be in relation to a major loss or disappointment, your lifestyle, relationships or life changes. It is the internal experiences which follow these life situations that can make it so difficult. Anger, stress, grief, depression, shame and anxiety being a few examples. I offer care, acceptance, and an empathic environment where you can be deeply heard and understood; this therapeutic atmosphere creates conditions for effective counselling to happen. Often talking about what is inside can bring a tremendous release.
01892 571338 View 01892 571338
Photo of Dawn Robson - Aira Psychology, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Aira Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Verified Verified
I offer a clinical psychology service that is person-centred and integrative so that I can use what works best for your personal needs and circumstances. I place a lot of emphasis on ensuring clients feel comfortable so I can introduce visual work, sand tray, or similar if this is helpful. I am experienced in working with a range of issues relating to mental health and personality to include self-esteem, anxiety, low mood, peer relationships, autism, self-harm, and trauma. Specialist in ASC and ADHD diagnostic assessments.
I offer a clinical psychology service that is person-centred and integrative so that I can use what works best for your personal needs and circumstances. I place a lot of emphasis on ensuring clients feel comfortable so I can introduce visual work, sand tray, or similar if this is helpful. I am experienced in working with a range of issues relating to mental health and personality to include self-esteem, anxiety, low mood, peer relationships, autism, self-harm, and trauma. Specialist in ASC and ADHD diagnostic assessments.
0121 803 9271 View 0121 803 9271
Photo of Robyn Lithgoe, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Robyn Lithgoe
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Robyn and I am an accredited CBT Therapist with 12 years of experience supporting the emotional and psychological well-being of my clients. My approach is warm, compassionate, and collaborative, creating a non-judgmental space where nothing is off-limits or considered shameful. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts and feelings in a safe environment, with your personal experiences and values always at the heart of our work. I am passionate about helping individuals work through life’s challenges using evidence-based interventions tailored to their needs.
My name is Robyn and I am an accredited CBT Therapist with 12 years of experience supporting the emotional and psychological well-being of my clients. My approach is warm, compassionate, and collaborative, creating a non-judgmental space where nothing is off-limits or considered shameful. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts and feelings in a safe environment, with your personal experiences and values always at the heart of our work. I am passionate about helping individuals work through life’s challenges using evidence-based interventions tailored to their needs.
01892 337585 View 01892 337585
Photo of Sam Pearmain, Counsellor, MBACP
Sam Pearmain
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Together we can work to understand and overcome your challenges. I believe in empowering my clients, helping them to grow, thrive and live the life they dream of free from current issues, past trauma and negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, pain or depression - free from negative behaviours and situations. During our sessions you will find a comfortable space where you are valued, which feels like a retreat away from the outside world, a place of peace and calm where you can work through your problems, a safe haven where you can discuss and work through whatever you need to without being told what you should do, say or feel.
Together we can work to understand and overcome your challenges. I believe in empowering my clients, helping them to grow, thrive and live the life they dream of free from current issues, past trauma and negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, pain or depression - free from negative behaviours and situations. During our sessions you will find a comfortable space where you are valued, which feels like a retreat away from the outside world, a place of peace and calm where you can work through your problems, a safe haven where you can discuss and work through whatever you need to without being told what you should do, say or feel.
01892 362378 View 01892 362378
Photo of Louise Phillips, Counsellor, BACP
Louise Phillips
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hello, I'm Louise, I mostly work with clients who have experienced abuse, trauma, relationship challenges, and divorce. I take a personalised approach, understanding each client's unique circumstances and the impact of their life experiences. This involves exploring what they are still holding on to and carrying with them from the past. Together, we identify these lingering burdens and use effective techniques to let go of past traumas & negative events, helping clients manage anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, and low self-confidence. This process allows clients to move forward with a sense of relief and renewed purpose.
Hello, I'm Louise, I mostly work with clients who have experienced abuse, trauma, relationship challenges, and divorce. I take a personalised approach, understanding each client's unique circumstances and the impact of their life experiences. This involves exploring what they are still holding on to and carrying with them from the past. Together, we identify these lingering burdens and use effective techniques to let go of past traumas & negative events, helping clients manage anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, and low self-confidence. This process allows clients to move forward with a sense of relief and renewed purpose.
01892 362275 View 01892 362275
Photo of Tammy Dixon, Counsellor, MBACP
Tammy Dixon
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hi, I am Tammy and I am a qualified, experienced and professional member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. I am an empathic and caring humanistic counsellor who is there for you and can adapt to meet your individual needs. Working therapeutically with you is at the heart of my practice. I am here to listen without judgement and will empower you to feel connected, valued and heard.
Hi, I am Tammy and I am a qualified, experienced and professional member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. I am an empathic and caring humanistic counsellor who is there for you and can adapt to meet your individual needs. Working therapeutically with you is at the heart of my practice. I am here to listen without judgement and will empower you to feel connected, valued and heard.
01892 352751 View 01892 352751
Photo of Andrea Barton - HumanKind Counselling & Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MBACP
HumanKind Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Many of us struggle with our thoughts, our feelings, our behaviours, our life predicament at some time in our lives. Not knowing how to overcome our difficulties leaves us feeling alone, vulnerable, anxious, depressed, angry or overwhelmed with a combination of those feelings. Sometimes we are resilient enough to cope and having close friends or loved ones with whom we can share certainly helps us to be robust. Sometimes though it is with those very people that we cannot work through our feelings. This may be why you are visiting these pages and exploring the idea of counselling or psychotherapy to help.
Many of us struggle with our thoughts, our feelings, our behaviours, our life predicament at some time in our lives. Not knowing how to overcome our difficulties leaves us feeling alone, vulnerable, anxious, depressed, angry or overwhelmed with a combination of those feelings. Sometimes we are resilient enough to cope and having close friends or loved ones with whom we can share certainly helps us to be robust. Sometimes though it is with those very people that we cannot work through our feelings. This may be why you are visiting these pages and exploring the idea of counselling or psychotherapy to help.
01892 481664 View 01892 481664
Photo of Charlotte Harding, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Charlotte Harding
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Hello, my name is Charlotte and I am a professionally qualified Psychotherapist, accredited with the BACP and with over 20 years of experience in this field. I work from my private studio on a long or short term basis. I aim to provide a comfortable and safe environment to explore feelings and resolve issues; be they processing traumatic experiences, unhelpful patterns in relationships, feeling unfulfilled in your life... or at this stage you may not know exactly what they are. Whatever your reason for choosing to come to therapy, you will be met with warmth and acceptance with the intention of moving forward positively.
Hello, my name is Charlotte and I am a professionally qualified Psychotherapist, accredited with the BACP and with over 20 years of experience in this field. I work from my private studio on a long or short term basis. I aim to provide a comfortable and safe environment to explore feelings and resolve issues; be they processing traumatic experiences, unhelpful patterns in relationships, feeling unfulfilled in your life... or at this stage you may not know exactly what they are. Whatever your reason for choosing to come to therapy, you will be met with warmth and acceptance with the intention of moving forward positively.
07449 171783 View 07449 171783
Photo of Rowena Smyth, Counsellor, MBACP
Rowena Smyth
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I am a qualified and experienced Integrative Counsellor. Feelings of anxiety and depression can grow and grow until it feels like there isn't room for anything else in your life. Whether you have a specific problem you’re struggling with or simply feel that there’s something that doesn’t feel right in your life – overwhelmed and in turmoil or feeling that you’re existing under a shadow on the outskirts of life – I’m here to offer you a calm, supportive haven where we can focus on you and find a way for you to feel in control of your life, and at peace with yourself.
I am a qualified and experienced Integrative Counsellor. Feelings of anxiety and depression can grow and grow until it feels like there isn't room for anything else in your life. Whether you have a specific problem you’re struggling with or simply feel that there’s something that doesn’t feel right in your life – overwhelmed and in turmoil or feeling that you’re existing under a shadow on the outskirts of life – I’m here to offer you a calm, supportive haven where we can focus on you and find a way for you to feel in control of your life, and at peace with yourself.
01732 920367 View 01732 920367
Photo of Jemma Jane Brown, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Jemma Jane Brown
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
i believe that mental health should be a right, in the same way that we view physical health. I have over 20 years of experience working in mental health and have worked with clients who have experienced significant trauma, addiction and serious mental illness. I am a trainee integrative relational psychotherapist, in my third year of training.i am both spiritual and of Christian faith, however, I am open to clients from any faith. i also have a keen interest in plant medicine and the benefits of this for psychological growth , wellbeing and mental health.
i believe that mental health should be a right, in the same way that we view physical health. I have over 20 years of experience working in mental health and have worked with clients who have experienced significant trauma, addiction and serious mental illness. I am a trainee integrative relational psychotherapist, in my third year of training.i am both spiritual and of Christian faith, however, I am open to clients from any faith. i also have a keen interest in plant medicine and the benefits of this for psychological growth , wellbeing and mental health.
01892 489142 View 01892 489142
Photo of Alex Elisabeth Tuckwell, Counsellor, MBACP
Alex Elisabeth Tuckwell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
My name is Alex and whatever the season of life you’re in right now, I can support you through it. Whether you have a specific issue you want to talk about or are interested in diving deeper into what makes you the unique person you are, I am here to listen in a safe, non judgemental space.
My name is Alex and whatever the season of life you’re in right now, I can support you through it. Whether you have a specific issue you want to talk about or are interested in diving deeper into what makes you the unique person you are, I am here to listen in a safe, non judgemental space.
01892 351045 View 01892 351045
Photo of Anya Gkrimpova, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Anya Gkrimpova
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
I am a highly specialist clinical psychologist who has diverse experience in diagnostic and therapeutic work with particular emphasis on neurodiversity, trauma and involuntary displacement. I can help exploring issues around emotional distress, anxiety, facing change, difficulties sleeping, interpersonal relationships, general coping with life and life stages. I draw on systemic ideas in my work and focus on creating a safe space and opening up communication. In this safe space, members of the system can be who they are, regardless of their walks of life and individual stories.
I am a highly specialist clinical psychologist who has diverse experience in diagnostic and therapeutic work with particular emphasis on neurodiversity, trauma and involuntary displacement. I can help exploring issues around emotional distress, anxiety, facing change, difficulties sleeping, interpersonal relationships, general coping with life and life stages. I draw on systemic ideas in my work and focus on creating a safe space and opening up communication. In this safe space, members of the system can be who they are, regardless of their walks of life and individual stories.
01892 489029 View 01892 489029
Photo of Dr Emily Fletcher - Flourishing Futures Psychology - Dr Emily Fletcher, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Flourishing Futures Psychology - Dr Emily Fletcher
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Perhaps you’re a teenager or young adult, who experiences physical symptoms of anxiety (such as stomach aches or racing heart), which make you want to avoid certain situations. Or maybe you’re a parent or guardian, eager to get the best support for a loved one who struggles with anxious thoughts or behaviours. Rest assured, you’ve come to the right place. I care. My interest in providing timely treatment for difficulties such as these is the reason why I founded Flourishing Futures Psychology. I too was prone to getting tangled up with anxiety when I was younger, so I know how it can try to trip you up.
Perhaps you’re a teenager or young adult, who experiences physical symptoms of anxiety (such as stomach aches or racing heart), which make you want to avoid certain situations. Or maybe you’re a parent or guardian, eager to get the best support for a loved one who struggles with anxious thoughts or behaviours. Rest assured, you’ve come to the right place. I care. My interest in providing timely treatment for difficulties such as these is the reason why I founded Flourishing Futures Psychology. I too was prone to getting tangled up with anxiety when I was younger, so I know how it can try to trip you up.
07438 329979 View 07438 329979
Photo of Catherine Noel, Counsellor, MBACP
Catherine Noel
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I understand how overwhelming it is, trying to find the right support, when you are already struggling. I may be a good fit for you if you are experiencing any of the following: Intrusive thoughts, battling conflicting demands or feeling overwhelmed with unsettling emotions. Maybe you find yourself in a career or a relationship crisis and you don’t know what to do for the best. Or perhaps you feel embarrassed or ashamed for struggling, maybe telling yourself that you should be able to cope? I work with clients who are overwhelmed with feelings of anxiety or low mood. Please read on to find out how I can help.
I understand how overwhelming it is, trying to find the right support, when you are already struggling. I may be a good fit for you if you are experiencing any of the following: Intrusive thoughts, battling conflicting demands or feeling overwhelmed with unsettling emotions. Maybe you find yourself in a career or a relationship crisis and you don’t know what to do for the best. Or perhaps you feel embarrassed or ashamed for struggling, maybe telling yourself that you should be able to cope? I work with clients who are overwhelmed with feelings of anxiety or low mood. Please read on to find out how I can help.
01892 352855 View 01892 352855
Photo of Steve Berger, Counsellor, MBACP
Steve Berger
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
If we aren't listened to, aren't heard, how can we be seen? Through our sessions together I provide a space for you to be heard, for you to talk through the challenges that you face, and to support you in finding a way to be. I am also a qualified couples therapist and psychosexual therapist. I work with all areas of couples therapy including communication, sexual issues, and the importance of maintaining a sense of self in a relationship. I am based in Tunbridge Wells and work with clients from all areas and backgrounds.
If we aren't listened to, aren't heard, how can we be seen? Through our sessions together I provide a space for you to be heard, for you to talk through the challenges that you face, and to support you in finding a way to be. I am also a qualified couples therapist and psychosexual therapist. I work with all areas of couples therapy including communication, sexual issues, and the importance of maintaining a sense of self in a relationship. I am based in Tunbridge Wells and work with clients from all areas and backgrounds.
01892 576451 View 01892 576451
Photo of Denise Palmer, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Denise Palmer
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hello! I’m Denise Palmer, a dedicated Clinical Hypnotherapist with Psychotherapeutic training and a passion for empowering individuals to overcome their challenges and achieve their fullest potential. My journey into the world of hypnotherapy and psychotherapy began with a profound interest in the mind-body connection and a desire to help people lead happier, healthier lives. As a certified CNHC & NSTT clinical Hypnotherapist and trainee member of UKCP I have extensive additional psychotherapeutic training.
Hello! I’m Denise Palmer, a dedicated Clinical Hypnotherapist with Psychotherapeutic training and a passion for empowering individuals to overcome their challenges and achieve their fullest potential. My journey into the world of hypnotherapy and psychotherapy began with a profound interest in the mind-body connection and a desire to help people lead happier, healthier lives. As a certified CNHC & NSTT clinical Hypnotherapist and trainee member of UKCP I have extensive additional psychotherapeutic training.
01892 337584 View 01892 337584
Photo of Louise Eve Brignell - Sanae Mentis Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Sanae Mentis Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Here at Sanae Mentis counselling you will be assured a safe space with which to explore your world without judgement. This is your time to bring whatever is troubling you and to know that you are not alone as I walk alongside you through what can sometimes feel painful. Counselling can at times be challenging as you delve a little deeper into your emotions but this is truly where growth can occur and therefore it is important to understand that the more you get out from this experience will largely depend on how open you can be. Alongside my Private practice, I work with clients for Betterhelp and with Wellbeing in the arts.
Here at Sanae Mentis counselling you will be assured a safe space with which to explore your world without judgement. This is your time to bring whatever is troubling you and to know that you are not alone as I walk alongside you through what can sometimes feel painful. Counselling can at times be challenging as you delve a little deeper into your emotions but this is truly where growth can occur and therefore it is important to understand that the more you get out from this experience will largely depend on how open you can be. Alongside my Private practice, I work with clients for Betterhelp and with Wellbeing in the arts.
01892 571232 View 01892 571232
Photo of Dr Laura Taylor-Roberts, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Laura Taylor-Roberts
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
With 14 years of experience in the NHS, I can offer you a tailored approach to overcome a variety of challenges. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, adjustment difficulties or relationship issues, I can provide you with a safe and confidential space to explore your thoughts and feelings.
With 14 years of experience in the NHS, I can offer you a tailored approach to overcome a variety of challenges. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, adjustment difficulties or relationship issues, I can provide you with a safe and confidential space to explore your thoughts and feelings.
01892 362280 View 01892 362280
Ruth Terry
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
I am an experienced Humanistic Psychotherapist offering support to people during distressing times, and beyond. If you are feeling distressed, anxious or alone, making time to be heard and understood by a safe and trusted counsellor can be supportive and healing. I work from my welcoming & secure office in central Tonbridge, or online. To find out if I am the counsellor you want to work with please email me; hello@thrivebeyondcounselling.co.uk
I am an experienced Humanistic Psychotherapist offering support to people during distressing times, and beyond. If you are feeling distressed, anxious or alone, making time to be heard and understood by a safe and trusted counsellor can be supportive and healing. I work from my welcoming & secure office in central Tonbridge, or online. To find out if I am the counsellor you want to work with please email me; hello@thrivebeyondcounselling.co.uk
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in TN2

30+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in TN2 who prioritize treating:

87% Depression
84% Anxiety
84% Self Esteem
76% Stress
66% Relationship Issues
63% Bereavement
61% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aviva
53% Vitality
47% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in TN2 see their clients

98% In Person and Online
2% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in TN2?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.