Counselling in Barnstaple

Photo of Dr Philippa Balfour, Psychologist in Barnstaple, England
Dr Philippa Balfour
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX32
I am a Clinical Psychologist registered with the Health Care Professionals Council (HCPC). I am passionate about working with you to promote wellbeing, through addressing root causes of distress. I am compassionate and friendly, and aim to work collaboratively with you to observe and challenge unhelpful patterns that are barriers to change.
I am a Clinical Psychologist registered with the Health Care Professionals Council (HCPC). I am passionate about working with you to promote wellbeing, through addressing root causes of distress. I am compassionate and friendly, and aim to work collaboratively with you to observe and challenge unhelpful patterns that are barriers to change.
01271 447691 View 01271 447691
Photo of Linda Banting, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Linda Banting
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
Hello, I'm Linda. I offer a warm, open and non-judgemental counselling environment. I work with adults 18 years and over. My training lies in an Integrative Person Centred approach and I use empathy and compassion in taking my lead from you, the client. I have additional training in CBT and am a Professional Creative Counsellor. If you are feeling lost or uncertain in any way, talking to a professional can often help clarify what is underneath those feelings. I work collaboratively with people creating the opportunity to say whatever is needed in a safe place. In person, online or telephone.
Hello, I'm Linda. I offer a warm, open and non-judgemental counselling environment. I work with adults 18 years and over. My training lies in an Integrative Person Centred approach and I use empathy and compassion in taking my lead from you, the client. I have additional training in CBT and am a Professional Creative Counsellor. If you are feeling lost or uncertain in any way, talking to a professional can often help clarify what is underneath those feelings. I work collaboratively with people creating the opportunity to say whatever is needed in a safe place. In person, online or telephone.
01271 443550 View 01271 443550
Photo of Peter Hollowell, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Peter Hollowell
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX32
Anxiety, depression, loss of confidence or grief, these are just some of the ways in which our experience of life can be adversely impacted. Hello my name is Peter and I believe I have an intuitive sensitivity for my client’s emotional world which helps me to understand their thoughts and feelings, this in turn creates a strong connection between us that gives my client the confidence to share those important thoughts and feelings and together we can work to move forward. Sometimes we can experience problems, emotional difficulties and may not know why or understand what is happening, but we know things are not quite right.
Anxiety, depression, loss of confidence or grief, these are just some of the ways in which our experience of life can be adversely impacted. Hello my name is Peter and I believe I have an intuitive sensitivity for my client’s emotional world which helps me to understand their thoughts and feelings, this in turn creates a strong connection between us that gives my client the confidence to share those important thoughts and feelings and together we can work to move forward. Sometimes we can experience problems, emotional difficulties and may not know why or understand what is happening, but we know things are not quite right.
07380 316447 View 07380 316447
Photo of Dr Joanne Crossley, Psychologist in Barnstaple, England
Dr Joanne Crossley
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
Are you worried about your child’s emotional well-being? ​Are you looking for help and support quickly? I understand how difficult it can be to reach out for support for your child and the importance of being able to access this quickly. I have worked with children and young people experiencing a wide range of emotional and behavioural difficulties such as anxiety, low mood, obsessive-compulsive disorder and difficulties adjusting to and managing physical health conditions. My aim is to help children, young people and their families overcome their challenges and empower them so that they can thrive and flourish.
Are you worried about your child’s emotional well-being? ​Are you looking for help and support quickly? I understand how difficult it can be to reach out for support for your child and the importance of being able to access this quickly. I have worked with children and young people experiencing a wide range of emotional and behavioural difficulties such as anxiety, low mood, obsessive-compulsive disorder and difficulties adjusting to and managing physical health conditions. My aim is to help children, young people and their families overcome their challenges and empower them so that they can thrive and flourish.
01202 125745 View 01202 125745
Photo of Simone Harding, Psychotherapist in Barnstaple, England
Simone Harding
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX32
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking for the kind of therapy that explores relational trauma and how this is embodied, and affects our relationships with others, food, body and self? If you've found yourself querying your childhood, or wondering why you can't seem to feel ok, or why your relationships seem dissatisfying, or why you feel like you are not able to care for yourself or cope well, come on in. This is a queer friendly space and politically liberatory practice.
Are you looking for the kind of therapy that explores relational trauma and how this is embodied, and affects our relationships with others, food, body and self? If you've found yourself querying your childhood, or wondering why you can't seem to feel ok, or why your relationships seem dissatisfying, or why you feel like you are not able to care for yourself or cope well, come on in. This is a queer friendly space and politically liberatory practice.
07723 497599 View 07723 497599
Photo of Dom Savy, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Dom Savy
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX32
Professional and experienced counselling, psychotherapy and supervision in Barnstaple and North Devon. I offer therapy from my clinic located in Barnstaple town center and also via online video or telephone. Finding the way forward when life becomes difficult can be a challenging prospect and choosing a therapist can be daunting. As your counsellor, I will offer you a confidential, non-judgemental and private space where you can begin to understand your thoughts, express your feelings and begin to make sense of your situation.
Professional and experienced counselling, psychotherapy and supervision in Barnstaple and North Devon. I offer therapy from my clinic located in Barnstaple town center and also via online video or telephone. Finding the way forward when life becomes difficult can be a challenging prospect and choosing a therapist can be daunting. As your counsellor, I will offer you a confidential, non-judgemental and private space where you can begin to understand your thoughts, express your feelings and begin to make sense of your situation.
07446 026730 View 07446 026730
Photo of Jasmine Randall, Psychotherapist in Barnstaple, England
Jasmine Randall
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
I am a trained registered Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor. I work from a relationship model which considers how our past can influence our present; relationships, meanings we have made and how this effects our current relationship to ourselves, others and our world. If you are looking for help, support and change in your life, therapy is an opportunity to explore in depth; relationship issues, presenting symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, abuse, addiction and mental health issues. To enable you to work towards a greater sense of self and choice in your life.
I am a trained registered Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor. I work from a relationship model which considers how our past can influence our present; relationships, meanings we have made and how this effects our current relationship to ourselves, others and our world. If you are looking for help, support and change in your life, therapy is an opportunity to explore in depth; relationship issues, presenting symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, abuse, addiction and mental health issues. To enable you to work towards a greater sense of self and choice in your life.
01271 445506 View 01271 445506
Photo of Dr Carly Smith, Psychologist in Barnstaple, England
Dr Carly Smith
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
Dr Carly has a professional doctorate in Clinical Psychology and is registered with the Health and Care Professions Council. With a range of experience in the NHS and private practice, Carly offers a variety of therapies in a warm, non-judgemental and confidential way to meet your individual needs. Perhaps you are struggling with overwhelming thoughts, feelings, images or memories. Or it could be that the way you are coping isn’t sustainable anymore. Welcome. Thank you for reaching out.
Dr Carly has a professional doctorate in Clinical Psychology and is registered with the Health and Care Professions Council. With a range of experience in the NHS and private practice, Carly offers a variety of therapies in a warm, non-judgemental and confidential way to meet your individual needs. Perhaps you are struggling with overwhelming thoughts, feelings, images or memories. Or it could be that the way you are coping isn’t sustainable anymore. Welcome. Thank you for reaching out.
01271 445503 View 01271 445503
Photo of Alex Newbery, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Alex Newbery
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX32
As a Psychotherapeutic Counsellor, my work uses a relational integrative approach. This way of working is firmly rooted in building a safe and compassionate therapeutic relationship with my clients. Within this relationship I carefully attune to the needs, feelings and pace of each individual, to enable movement toward their own personal therapeutic goals.
As a Psychotherapeutic Counsellor, my work uses a relational integrative approach. This way of working is firmly rooted in building a safe and compassionate therapeutic relationship with my clients. Within this relationship I carefully attune to the needs, feelings and pace of each individual, to enable movement toward their own personal therapeutic goals.
07946 154055 View 07946 154055
Photo of Sarah Louise Marshall, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Sarah Louise Marshall
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barnstaple EX32
As a therapist, I work to an integrative relational model, which means that I may draw upon a range of theory in our work together. However, I am not prescriptive in my work, as for me, I honour a persons lived experience, what matters to them and how they experience themselves, the world and others. I work within Professional boundaries and in accordance with the BACP ethical framework. I work with integrity, respecting your privacy and autonomy. This, helping to create a sense of trust whilst adding a richness to our therapeutic relationship.
As a therapist, I work to an integrative relational model, which means that I may draw upon a range of theory in our work together. However, I am not prescriptive in my work, as for me, I honour a persons lived experience, what matters to them and how they experience themselves, the world and others. I work within Professional boundaries and in accordance with the BACP ethical framework. I work with integrity, respecting your privacy and autonomy. This, helping to create a sense of trust whilst adding a richness to our therapeutic relationship.
01271 444610 View 01271 444610
Photo of Deborah Jones, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Deborah Jones
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
Life can be hard at times. Facing challenges in our lives can keep us stuck and prevent us moving forward. These challenges could be current or historical, but are having an impact on your life. These difficulties can lead to depression anxiety and low self-esteem. Counselling can help unlock feelings explore experiences and help you gain a better understanding of the right path for you. It can help you take the steps to understand what you can do to get your life back on track.
Life can be hard at times. Facing challenges in our lives can keep us stuck and prevent us moving forward. These challenges could be current or historical, but are having an impact on your life. These difficulties can lead to depression anxiety and low self-esteem. Counselling can help unlock feelings explore experiences and help you gain a better understanding of the right path for you. It can help you take the steps to understand what you can do to get your life back on track.
01271 443551 View 01271 443551
Photo of Hilary Marshall, Psychotherapist in Barnstaple, England
Hilary Marshall
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, ACC-CP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31  (Online Only)
I work with people online across the UK and 18 years of experience has shown me that confusion, isolation, anxiety, depression, apathy, addictive behaviours and feeling 'stuck' inhibit us from moving forward and achieving a personal sense of well being and purpose. Usually, unravelling past events and clearly seeing the impact of them brings refreshing clarity and often relief. Understanding ourselves, our families and others better is hard work but also life changing. The privilege of my job is seeing positive change happening in and beyond the sessions. New opportunities and increased self-empowerment inevitably follow.
I work with people online across the UK and 18 years of experience has shown me that confusion, isolation, anxiety, depression, apathy, addictive behaviours and feeling 'stuck' inhibit us from moving forward and achieving a personal sense of well being and purpose. Usually, unravelling past events and clearly seeing the impact of them brings refreshing clarity and often relief. Understanding ourselves, our families and others better is hard work but also life changing. The privilege of my job is seeing positive change happening in and beyond the sessions. New opportunities and increased self-empowerment inevitably follow.
01271 443565 View 01271 443565
Photo of Leanne C Jones, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Leanne C Jones
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31  (Online Only)
I am the proud owner and founder of Braver Women, a bespoke therapy and personal coaching company designed exclusively for LGBTQ+ women all over the world who are living with anxiety, childhood trauma, and all the 'not good enough' fears that hold them back from coming out, communicating well, or living as the truest, most relaxed, confident version, of themselves. Most of the women that come to see me have been living with a degree of self doubt all of their lives and the outcome of that, are the problems that they are experiencing to simply 'survive' and get by. It results in them feeling disconnected, worthless and playing small.
I am the proud owner and founder of Braver Women, a bespoke therapy and personal coaching company designed exclusively for LGBTQ+ women all over the world who are living with anxiety, childhood trauma, and all the 'not good enough' fears that hold them back from coming out, communicating well, or living as the truest, most relaxed, confident version, of themselves. Most of the women that come to see me have been living with a degree of self doubt all of their lives and the outcome of that, are the problems that they are experiencing to simply 'survive' and get by. It results in them feeling disconnected, worthless and playing small.
01271 445679 View 01271 445679
Photo of Penny Lippett, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Penny Lippett
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
Waitlist for new clients
My heartfelt passion is guiding couples towards rediscovering the enchantment in their relationships through improved communication and reigniting that unique connection. Together, we'll restore harmony and deep understanding to your partnership. From your very first session, anticipate a positive transformation. Many clients have shared a sense of lightness after just one hour, and as the journey deepens over time expect to get closer to your desired outcome in your relationship. But don't take my word for it – explore the reviews and testimonials from my fulfilled clients.
My heartfelt passion is guiding couples towards rediscovering the enchantment in their relationships through improved communication and reigniting that unique connection. Together, we'll restore harmony and deep understanding to your partnership. From your very first session, anticipate a positive transformation. Many clients have shared a sense of lightness after just one hour, and as the journey deepens over time expect to get closer to your desired outcome in your relationship. But don't take my word for it – explore the reviews and testimonials from my fulfilled clients.
01598 272044 View 01598 272044
Photo of Nikki Bailey, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Nikki Bailey
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barnstaple EX31
Hi and Welcome, I’m a BACP ​registered counsellor offering short and long-​term therapy to adults aged 18 years plus, either in-person or online. I work with people who are struggling with overwhelming feelings - often anxiety, panic, and low mood - and as a result they are finding life hard. Perhaps you are also feeling stuck in a rut, unable to move forward, and without much calm, peace, joy or meaning in life?
Hi and Welcome, I’m a BACP ​registered counsellor offering short and long-​term therapy to adults aged 18 years plus, either in-person or online. I work with people who are struggling with overwhelming feelings - often anxiety, panic, and low mood - and as a result they are finding life hard. Perhaps you are also feeling stuck in a rut, unable to move forward, and without much calm, peace, joy or meaning in life?
01598 728680 View 01598 728680
Photo of Harts Counselling , Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Harts Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
I am a counsellor with many years experience of supporting individuals. I assist you during our sessions to explore your thoughts and feelings by using strategies that help you. I am here to listen and support you through your challenges. Whatever you are dealing with in life, I can provide a confidential, empathetic listening ear to change your life journey and deal with the past.
I am a counsellor with many years experience of supporting individuals. I assist you during our sessions to explore your thoughts and feelings by using strategies that help you. I am here to listen and support you through your challenges. Whatever you are dealing with in life, I can provide a confidential, empathetic listening ear to change your life journey and deal with the past.
01271 443599 View 01271 443599
Photo of Tara Evans, Psychotherapist in Barnstaple, England
Tara Evans
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
Hi, I'm Tara, I strive to create a safe, nurturing space where you can feel truly heard and understood. I'm here for you and want you to know that I approach our sessions with warmth, inclusivity, respect and empathy. I understand that everyone's journey is unique, and I am here to support you collaboratively, without judgment. I have experience working with various concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem, trauma, and more. I aim to be compassionate and respectful of your therapeutic process. Drawing on personal experience, I believe counselling can be a powerful tool to help you reach your goals.
Hi, I'm Tara, I strive to create a safe, nurturing space where you can feel truly heard and understood. I'm here for you and want you to know that I approach our sessions with warmth, inclusivity, respect and empathy. I understand that everyone's journey is unique, and I am here to support you collaboratively, without judgment. I have experience working with various concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem, trauma, and more. I aim to be compassionate and respectful of your therapeutic process. Drawing on personal experience, I believe counselling can be a powerful tool to help you reach your goals.
0117 463 5133 View 0117 463 5133
Photo of Michael Prentice, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Michael Prentice
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
Everyone is an individual person bringing their own personal circumstances to the meeting. I will listen to your reason(s) for being at the session and what you want to achieve/where you want to aim to be - offering you help & support in that process. My counselling training was at Addaction (alcohol & drugs dependency) Agency where I completed over 100 hrs of sessions and a Mentoring role. I also trained at Cruse Bereavement Care & progressed from there. My Counselling Diploma is in CBT & Certificate in Christian Counselling are from the Institute of Counselling of which I am a full Member. I take an holistic approach.
Everyone is an individual person bringing their own personal circumstances to the meeting. I will listen to your reason(s) for being at the session and what you want to achieve/where you want to aim to be - offering you help & support in that process. My counselling training was at Addaction (alcohol & drugs dependency) Agency where I completed over 100 hrs of sessions and a Mentoring role. I also trained at Cruse Bereavement Care & progressed from there. My Counselling Diploma is in CBT & Certificate in Christian Counselling are from the Institute of Counselling of which I am a full Member. I take an holistic approach.
01598 728664 View 01598 728664
Photo of Vikki Harvey Counselling, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Vikki Harvey Counselling
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Barnstaple EX31
Therapy is scary but so rewarding and enlightening. If you are looking to improve your understanding of yourself, and move forward with your life in a positive way, then get in touch for a free confidential consultation. Working therapeutically online has changed greatly in recent years and I have extensive experience of working successfully with clients on line. Imagine no travelling to appointments, but instead sitting in the comfort and safety of your own home, relaxed in the knowledge you are receiving first class therapy.
Therapy is scary but so rewarding and enlightening. If you are looking to improve your understanding of yourself, and move forward with your life in a positive way, then get in touch for a free confidential consultation. Working therapeutically online has changed greatly in recent years and I have extensive experience of working successfully with clients on line. Imagine no travelling to appointments, but instead sitting in the comfort and safety of your own home, relaxed in the knowledge you are receiving first class therapy.
01271 443526 View 01271 443526
Photo of Frances Connell, Counsellor in Barnstaple, England
Frances Connell
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barnstaple EX31  (Online Only)
Taking the first step can sometimes feel quite daunting as life can be a challenge at times, feel a bit overwhelming or confusing. Whatever has brought you to counselling I would like to welcome you. I will provide a confidential safe and warm therapeutic space to allow you the opportunity to explore the issues that are troubling you. Together we can increase your self awareness and find clarity. The therapeutic relationship is so important to the success of therapy therefore I offer a free 20 minute telephone consultation to discuss what you are looking for and to ensure you feel comfortable and at ease to work with me.
Taking the first step can sometimes feel quite daunting as life can be a challenge at times, feel a bit overwhelming or confusing. Whatever has brought you to counselling I would like to welcome you. I will provide a confidential safe and warm therapeutic space to allow you the opportunity to explore the issues that are troubling you. Together we can increase your self awareness and find clarity. The therapeutic relationship is so important to the success of therapy therefore I offer a free 20 minute telephone consultation to discuss what you are looking for and to ensure you feel comfortable and at ease to work with me.
01271 445229 View 01271 445229

See more therapy options for Barnstaple

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Barnstaple

30+

Average cost per session

£50

Counsellors in Barnstaple who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
79% Trauma and PTSD
76% Stress
73% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
58% Domestic Abuse

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aviva
80% AXA PPP
60% Vitality

How Counsellors in Barnstaple see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
13% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Barnstaple?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.