Counselling in Aberdare

Photo of Helen Parsons, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Helen Parsons
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aberdare CF44
Hi, I'm Helen an experienced person-centred counsellor specialising in working with clients' who have experienced trauma. The impact of trauma can be debilitating and all consuming, with many clients' presenting with a vast array of symptoms like flash backs, panic attacks, dissociation, nightmares and mental health conditions like PTSD, personality disorders, OCD, depression and anxiety. Sadly, 1 in 4 of us will experience poor mental health in our lifetime. However, the future of counselling is looking bright, with more and more people seeking counselling.
Hi, I'm Helen an experienced person-centred counsellor specialising in working with clients' who have experienced trauma. The impact of trauma can be debilitating and all consuming, with many clients' presenting with a vast array of symptoms like flash backs, panic attacks, dissociation, nightmares and mental health conditions like PTSD, personality disorders, OCD, depression and anxiety. Sadly, 1 in 4 of us will experience poor mental health in our lifetime. However, the future of counselling is looking bright, with more and more people seeking counselling.
01443 806636 View 01443 806636
Photo of Dr Gareth P Thomas, Psychologist in Aberdare, Wales
Dr Gareth P Thomas
Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aberdare CF44  (Online Only)
I can work with all types of conditions, disorders and issues. However, I specialise in working with people who need support with anxiety i.e., PTSD, depression, stress etc. If you need support with your daily life I can help. We can discuss your life, your wants, and where you would like to be in your future life. When we have completed our sessions I will support you 24/7. I have many therapy tools to help if needed. I have 18 years of experience in Psychology and Psychotherapy so you are in safe hands. Let me help you to be the person you want to be and live the best life you can. I will and can improve your Quality of Life.
I can work with all types of conditions, disorders and issues. However, I specialise in working with people who need support with anxiety i.e., PTSD, depression, stress etc. If you need support with your daily life I can help. We can discuss your life, your wants, and where you would like to be in your future life. When we have completed our sessions I will support you 24/7. I have many therapy tools to help if needed. I have 18 years of experience in Psychology and Psychotherapy so you are in safe hands. Let me help you to be the person you want to be and live the best life you can. I will and can improve your Quality of Life.
01639 501373 View 01639 501373
Photo of Tammy Allen, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Tammy Allen
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Aberdare CF44
Hi I'm Tam. Firstly, I would like to say well done on finding the courage, and starting the process in searching and asking for help, this can at times be the most difficult part. The foundations of my work are built on the Person-Centred Approach and I aim to work and walk alongside you as we explore your problems, distresses or difficult situations you are experiencing. We will work together, to gain a better understanding of the difficulties that can present themselves regarding trauma and loss, self-identity, low self-esteem, anxiety, and making sense of the purpose of life ahead.
Hi I'm Tam. Firstly, I would like to say well done on finding the courage, and starting the process in searching and asking for help, this can at times be the most difficult part. The foundations of my work are built on the Person-Centred Approach and I aim to work and walk alongside you as we explore your problems, distresses or difficult situations you are experiencing. We will work together, to gain a better understanding of the difficulties that can present themselves regarding trauma and loss, self-identity, low self-esteem, anxiety, and making sense of the purpose of life ahead.
01639 505117 View 01639 505117
Photo of Lisa Lewis, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Lisa Lewis
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Aberdare CF44  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. Are you struggling with an issue that's affecting your daily life? Or maybe you'd like to explore your thoughts and feelings in a safe space. Life can be challenging at times, and dealing with worries on your own can feel overwhelming. As your counsellor, I offer a warm, confidential space to explore any difficulties without judgment. Together we can view things from different perspectives. Taking the first steps to a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage, I'm here to support you in that process.
Hello and welcome. Are you struggling with an issue that's affecting your daily life? Or maybe you'd like to explore your thoughts and feelings in a safe space. Life can be challenging at times, and dealing with worries on your own can feel overwhelming. As your counsellor, I offer a warm, confidential space to explore any difficulties without judgment. Together we can view things from different perspectives. Taking the first steps to a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage, I'm here to support you in that process.
01639 505713 View 01639 505713

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr Charlie Cowtan, Psychologist in Aberdare, Wales
Dr Charlie Cowtan
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pontypridd CF37
I am a Clinical Psychologist working in the NHS with children, adolescents and families who are experiencing a wide range of difficulties, including; mental health, attachment and parenting. Sometimes therapy involves seeing the person on their own, and other times it can involve the wider family as well. Our sessions will start by getting to know you better, and what your main difficulties are at present, in the context of your life experiences. Helping you to understand why you are having such difficulties will help us to tailor our psychological intervention to your specific needs. I will be with you every step of the way.
I am a Clinical Psychologist working in the NHS with children, adolescents and families who are experiencing a wide range of difficulties, including; mental health, attachment and parenting. Sometimes therapy involves seeing the person on their own, and other times it can involve the wider family as well. Our sessions will start by getting to know you better, and what your main difficulties are at present, in the context of your life experiences. Helping you to understand why you are having such difficulties will help us to tailor our psychological intervention to your specific needs. I will be with you every step of the way.
01633 603406 View 01633 603406
Photo of Marion Moody, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Marion Moody
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Pontypridd CF37
Waitlist for new clients
You may be somebody with mild to moderate mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and/or stress. These may be long-standing or more recent, for example reactions to challenging circumstances in the present or more recent past. You will be motivated and willing to engage actively in your own recovery and self-awareness. While I do not have an ideal client - I have worked with a range of clients in a number of settings including the NHS, and Employee Assistance Providers - I do find it very rewarding and interesting to work with the body and creative approaches, and particularly welcome clients open to working in this way.
You may be somebody with mild to moderate mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and/or stress. These may be long-standing or more recent, for example reactions to challenging circumstances in the present or more recent past. You will be motivated and willing to engage actively in your own recovery and self-awareness. While I do not have an ideal client - I have worked with a range of clients in a number of settings including the NHS, and Employee Assistance Providers - I do find it very rewarding and interesting to work with the body and creative approaches, and particularly welcome clients open to working in this way.
01443 808349 View 01443 808349
Photo of Best life therapy, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Best life therapy
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Merthyr Tydfil CF47
I’m Carrie, I am a level 6 qualified Pluralistic psychotherapist. I use a range of therapeutic approaches designed around your needs and wishes. Counselling is a collaborative process in which my bring expertise and experiences and you bring yours and together we can find a treatment plan that is right for you.
I’m Carrie, I am a level 6 qualified Pluralistic psychotherapist. I use a range of therapeutic approaches designed around your needs and wishes. Counselling is a collaborative process in which my bring expertise and experiences and you bring yours and together we can find a treatment plan that is right for you.
01495 364566 View 01495 364566
Photo of Peggy Sweeney Bsc(Hons) Pgdip, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Peggy Sweeney Bsc(Hons) Pgdip
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bridgend CF32
Emotional well being is something we can often take for granted, and more often than not we do not take time to attend to our emotional well being until we begin to struggle to maintain a balance. You may just need some space to reflect safely and without judgement. Perhaps you are overwhelmed by the pressures of life, stuck in a rut, repeating negative patterns, or trying to find a way out of anxiety or depression. Maybe you just don’t feel able to share your worries and concerns with those around you? Maybe you just don’t feel like ‘you’ and would like to explore why, or you have feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness.
Emotional well being is something we can often take for granted, and more often than not we do not take time to attend to our emotional well being until we begin to struggle to maintain a balance. You may just need some space to reflect safely and without judgement. Perhaps you are overwhelmed by the pressures of life, stuck in a rut, repeating negative patterns, or trying to find a way out of anxiety or depression. Maybe you just don’t feel able to share your worries and concerns with those around you? Maybe you just don’t feel like ‘you’ and would like to explore why, or you have feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness.
01656 334890 View 01656 334890
Photo of Syed Ahmed Adnan Hasan, Psychotherapist in Aberdare, Wales
Syed Ahmed Adnan Hasan
Psychotherapist, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Merthyr Tydfil CF48
I know what it is like to have mental health issue. I am wounded healer myself. I have a grown up daughter who had suffered severe depression in her life. I am really keen to work with BAME community. Being an Asian, I totally empathise with current trauma that is being experienced within the community.
I know what it is like to have mental health issue. I am wounded healer myself. I have a grown up daughter who had suffered severe depression in her life. I am really keen to work with BAME community. Being an Asian, I totally empathise with current trauma that is being experienced within the community.
01443 706489 View 01443 706489
Photo of Hayley Male, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Hayley Male
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Merthyr Tydfil CF47
At times we all find it hard to cope and need a little help to get back on track. I believe that therapy can help anyone to transform their life. I believe in the human potential for change and improvement and the importance of personal growth. Perhaps you're feeling trapped or blocked by the past, confused knowing there must be more to life but feeling stuck in survival. Maybe you feel in the depths of despair with feelings of stress, depression and anxiety or recently grieving from a bereavement or loss. You know changes need to be made and seeking a safe supportive space to find a greater balance and meaning to life.
At times we all find it hard to cope and need a little help to get back on track. I believe that therapy can help anyone to transform their life. I believe in the human potential for change and improvement and the importance of personal growth. Perhaps you're feeling trapped or blocked by the past, confused knowing there must be more to life but feeling stuck in survival. Maybe you feel in the depths of despair with feelings of stress, depression and anxiety or recently grieving from a bereavement or loss. You know changes need to be made and seeking a safe supportive space to find a greater balance and meaning to life.
01443 706667 View 01443 706667
Photo of Dr Philip Murphy, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Dr Philip Murphy
Counsellor, PhD, AFBPSsS
Verified Verified
Merthyr Tydfil CF47
Dr Philip Murphy (B.Sc., Ph.D., Dip.Clin.Psy., C.Psychol., A.F.B.Ps.S) - Consultant Clinical Psychologist. During my 34 year career I have developed experience in many therapeutic approaches. Using this experience, we can work together to help you understand and overcome the social and emotional difficulties in your life. Embarking on personal therapy can sometimes seem daunting, But generally my clients settle comfortably into our pleasant relaxed setting, and usually find it surprisingly easy to share their thoughts.
Dr Philip Murphy (B.Sc., Ph.D., Dip.Clin.Psy., C.Psychol., A.F.B.Ps.S) - Consultant Clinical Psychologist. During my 34 year career I have developed experience in many therapeutic approaches. Using this experience, we can work together to help you understand and overcome the social and emotional difficulties in your life. Embarking on personal therapy can sometimes seem daunting, But generally my clients settle comfortably into our pleasant relaxed setting, and usually find it surprisingly easy to share their thoughts.
01874 640087 View 01874 640087
Photo of C.H.R Counselling Service, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
C.H.R Counselling Service
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pontypridd CF37
Hello, my name is Claire. I am an integrative counsellor dedicated to improving my clients mental health within a safe space for reflection and personal growth through offering a non-judgmental warm and friendly therapeutic relationship. I provide guidance and support with stress management techniques, mindfulness practices, coping with strategies for anxiety, goal setting and general emotional support including grief and loss.
Hello, my name is Claire. I am an integrative counsellor dedicated to improving my clients mental health within a safe space for reflection and personal growth through offering a non-judgmental warm and friendly therapeutic relationship. I provide guidance and support with stress management techniques, mindfulness practices, coping with strategies for anxiety, goal setting and general emotional support including grief and loss.
01443 801538 View 01443 801538
Photo of Cecily Scallan, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Cecily Scallan
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Merthyr Tydfil CF47
I offer a safe and confidential space to explore issues that are affecting your life. There are times when everything seems overwhelming and we can find ourselves repeating unhelpful or destructive thought patterns and behaviours, which can have an adverse effect on our wellbeing. At times we may feel anxious, stuck with nowhere to turn. I provide an empathic, non judgemental service to help make sense of your thoughts and feelings to help you progress forward with a clearer understanding.
I offer a safe and confidential space to explore issues that are affecting your life. There are times when everything seems overwhelming and we can find ourselves repeating unhelpful or destructive thought patterns and behaviours, which can have an adverse effect on our wellbeing. At times we may feel anxious, stuck with nowhere to turn. I provide an empathic, non judgemental service to help make sense of your thoughts and feelings to help you progress forward with a clearer understanding.
01443 706652 View 01443 706652
Photo of Leanne Horsnell, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Leanne Horsnell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Porth CF39  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
If you are looking for someone to talk to, who is relatable, experienced and professional, about some of the issues you may be facing, in an objective, non-judgmental, safe space, then feel free to get in touch. I have worked with children, young people and adults in a variety of ways, from counselling to supporting people in the community, with a very wide range of problems, including issues around mental health, attachment, relationships, abuse, trauma, low self-esteem, low self-worth, grief, loss, significant life events, stress and many other issues people may struggle with. Online only counselling at present (video/ telephone).
If you are looking for someone to talk to, who is relatable, experienced and professional, about some of the issues you may be facing, in an objective, non-judgmental, safe space, then feel free to get in touch. I have worked with children, young people and adults in a variety of ways, from counselling to supporting people in the community, with a very wide range of problems, including issues around mental health, attachment, relationships, abuse, trauma, low self-esteem, low self-worth, grief, loss, significant life events, stress and many other issues people may struggle with. Online only counselling at present (video/ telephone).
01443 800229 View 01443 800229
Photo of Andrea Hughes, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Andrea Hughes
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Merthyr Tydfil CF48  (Online Only)
Whatever you are struggling with, my approach here is professional, confidential, safe and non-judgemental, offering you an impartial space to freely discuss your presenting issues. Making the first step is often the biggest one! Investing in yourself is a powerful tool. Thank you for visiting my profile.
Whatever you are struggling with, my approach here is professional, confidential, safe and non-judgemental, offering you an impartial space to freely discuss your presenting issues. Making the first step is often the biggest one! Investing in yourself is a powerful tool. Thank you for visiting my profile.
01903 952218 View 01903 952218
Photo of Jillian Kirkpatrick, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Jillian Kirkpatrick
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Pontypridd CF37
Hello, I am a fully qualified, accredited counsellor and psychotherapist. My approach to Counselling is integrative I bring together different elements of specific therapies in order to suit your individual needs and circumstances. Together, we can explore your concerns in a safe and supportive environment. As a Mindfulness based Psychotherapist I offer long and short therapy. We can explore in depth how past experiences are affecting your life in the present and how suffering is maintained by this process. Please feel free to contact me if you require more information regarding psychotherapy.
Hello, I am a fully qualified, accredited counsellor and psychotherapist. My approach to Counselling is integrative I bring together different elements of specific therapies in order to suit your individual needs and circumstances. Together, we can explore your concerns in a safe and supportive environment. As a Mindfulness based Psychotherapist I offer long and short therapy. We can explore in depth how past experiences are affecting your life in the present and how suffering is maintained by this process. Please feel free to contact me if you require more information regarding psychotherapy.
029 2192 1670 View 029 2192 1670
Photo of Danielle Rees, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Danielle Rees
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Treorchy CF42  (Online Only)
I am an Integrative Therapist with experience working with clients who are struggling with a wide range of issues. Therapy is not a one size fits all approach – what works for one may not work for another. I use my knowledge of different theoretical backgrounds to respectfully approach each client as an individual with a unique set of world experiences, and to work in a way that feels relevant for that specific person. Respect, empathy, compassion and warmth are the foundations on which my practice are built.
I am an Integrative Therapist with experience working with clients who are struggling with a wide range of issues. Therapy is not a one size fits all approach – what works for one may not work for another. I use my knowledge of different theoretical backgrounds to respectfully approach each client as an individual with a unique set of world experiences, and to work in a way that feels relevant for that specific person. Respect, empathy, compassion and warmth are the foundations on which my practice are built.
01443 800809 View 01443 800809
Photo of El Davis, Psychotherapist in Aberdare, Wales
El Davis
Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
Pontypridd CF37
I offer a welcoming space for you to explore whatever is happening in your life and support you to face difficult circumstances, feelings and relationships, finding new perspectives and resources. I use Processwork, a creative approach to therapy and facilitation, to help clients work things through in a professional and confidential space. During sessions we bring awareness to what's happening, leading to learning and change. In particular, paying attention to disturbances can hold the key to discovering new ways of being in the world.
I offer a welcoming space for you to explore whatever is happening in your life and support you to face difficult circumstances, feelings and relationships, finding new perspectives and resources. I use Processwork, a creative approach to therapy and facilitation, to help clients work things through in a professional and confidential space. During sessions we bring awareness to what's happening, leading to learning and change. In particular, paying attention to disturbances can hold the key to discovering new ways of being in the world.
View
Photo of Kym Dalley, Counsellor in Aberdare, Wales
Kym Dalley
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Merthyr Tydfil CF47
You may be currently experiencing a difficulty or loss in your life and feel stuck and unable to move forward. Or are struggling with a range of difficult emotions ? Perhaps, like many others you have had experiences that were traumatic and you are looking to find a way of working past these so that you can move on in your life. You may be feeling depressed, anxious, confused, angry or perhaps lost. We can all experience overwhelming emotions at times in our lives and seeking support can often be daunting but taking that first step is powerful; with the right support, we all have the means to negotiate life’s challenges.
You may be currently experiencing a difficulty or loss in your life and feel stuck and unable to move forward. Or are struggling with a range of difficult emotions ? Perhaps, like many others you have had experiences that were traumatic and you are looking to find a way of working past these so that you can move on in your life. You may be feeling depressed, anxious, confused, angry or perhaps lost. We can all experience overwhelming emotions at times in our lives and seeking support can often be daunting but taking that first step is powerful; with the right support, we all have the means to negotiate life’s challenges.
01443 809875 View 01443 809875
Photo of Healthy Thinking CBT, Psychotherapist in Aberdare, Wales
Healthy Thinking CBT
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Merthyr Tydfil CF47
My name is Sarah Morgan and I am an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist working with children, young people and adults. I have experience of working with a range of mental health difficulties such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, OCD, self-esteem and stress. Through life we can often be faced with challenges and experiences that can affect our wellbeing and ability to function in the way we would like. It could affect our emotions such as causing us to feel low, anxious or stressed. It could also affect the thoughts we have and the way we behave.
My name is Sarah Morgan and I am an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist working with children, young people and adults. I have experience of working with a range of mental health difficulties such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, OCD, self-esteem and stress. Through life we can often be faced with challenges and experiences that can affect our wellbeing and ability to function in the way we would like. It could affect our emotions such as causing us to feel low, anxious or stressed. It could also affect the thoughts we have and the way we behave.
01443 706481 View 01443 706481

See more therapy options for Aberdare

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Aberdare

< 10

Counsellors in Aberdare who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
100% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
75% Bereavement
75% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

4 Years

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male

How Counsellors in Aberdare see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Aberdare?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.