Counselling in SP6

Photo of Kathryn Gaussen, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Kathryn Gaussen
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
I’m an experienced Consultant Clinical Psychologist, working in the NHS & independent sector. I work with adults and older adolescents (16years +) to help them manage a wide range of mental health difficulties in order for people to live a meaningful and fulfilling life. I can provide therapy for those for whom it is their first experience of looking for therapy as well for those who have maybe tried various other therapies/avenues previously. l adapt therapy to meet peoples needs, including for people who are neurodivergent. My areas of interest are working with relational difficulties, complex trauma & personality disorder.
I’m an experienced Consultant Clinical Psychologist, working in the NHS & independent sector. I work with adults and older adolescents (16years +) to help them manage a wide range of mental health difficulties in order for people to live a meaningful and fulfilling life. I can provide therapy for those for whom it is their first experience of looking for therapy as well for those who have maybe tried various other therapies/avenues previously. l adapt therapy to meet peoples needs, including for people who are neurodivergent. My areas of interest are working with relational difficulties, complex trauma & personality disorder.
01425 209309 View 01425 209309
Photo of Rachel Pike, Psychologist, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Rachel Pike
Psychologist, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
1 Endorsed
As much as it can be wonderful, life can really difficult at times and this can leave us struggling with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and memories. These can easily lead to us getting stuck in a cycle of unhelpful and at times harmful patterns of behaviour that affect ourselves as well as other people. Sometimes we continue in these patterns even when we know they are not helping which can lead to more stress, frustration, and self-criticism. If this sounds like you, rest assured there is nothing wrong with you, you are just human and like all of us, are doing your best to manage life's challenges.
As much as it can be wonderful, life can really difficult at times and this can leave us struggling with unwanted thoughts, feelings, and memories. These can easily lead to us getting stuck in a cycle of unhelpful and at times harmful patterns of behaviour that affect ourselves as well as other people. Sometimes we continue in these patterns even when we know they are not helping which can lead to more stress, frustration, and self-criticism. If this sounds like you, rest assured there is nothing wrong with you, you are just human and like all of us, are doing your best to manage life's challenges.
01425 209314 View 01425 209314
Photo of Amanda Yaxley, Counsellor, MBACP
Amanda Yaxley
Counsellor, MBACP
I offer a respectful, warm and empathetic ear, together with a safe, neutral space to help you to talk, and work through any issues you may have. I am not here to tell you what to do nor give advice; I am here to help you explore and discover your feelings I offer a free 10-15 minute consultation on the phone as a way to introduce myself and give you an opportunity to ask any questions you may have about me and the counselling process. Sessions will differ depending on the mode of therapy we decide to use. We may work more in the here and now or, we may look at where issues have stemmed from in the past: I will be led by you.
I offer a respectful, warm and empathetic ear, together with a safe, neutral space to help you to talk, and work through any issues you may have. I am not here to tell you what to do nor give advice; I am here to help you explore and discover your feelings I offer a free 10-15 minute consultation on the phone as a way to introduce myself and give you an opportunity to ask any questions you may have about me and the counselling process. Sessions will differ depending on the mode of therapy we decide to use. We may work more in the here and now or, we may look at where issues have stemmed from in the past: I will be led by you.
07894 955242 View 07894 955242
Photo of Katie Reid, Counsellor, BACP
Katie Reid
Counsellor, BACP
Serves Area
Hello and welcome, I am a Psychotherapeutic Counsellor with a comprehensive background in working with trauma, rape and domestic violence, as well as a range of other mental health conditions. I understand that life can bring complex challenges, and I am here to offer a compassionate, non-judgmental space for healing and growth.
Hello and welcome, I am a Psychotherapeutic Counsellor with a comprehensive background in working with trauma, rape and domestic violence, as well as a range of other mental health conditions. I understand that life can bring complex challenges, and I am here to offer a compassionate, non-judgmental space for healing and growth.
07917 177656 View 07917 177656
Photo of Charlotte Sturmey - Headway Therapy, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Headway Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Charlotte an experienced, qualified CBT Practitioner and counsellor. I'm fine... I'm ok ... sound familiar when you're feeling far from ok? I believe that talking therapies can help when life is hard and you're experiencing a difficult time. Maybe you're feeling down, anxious or going through a life transition such as a break up or bereavement. We can work together to focus on what's important to you, helping to improve your wellbeing, achieve your goals, gain a more balanced outlook and rewarding life.
Hi, I'm Charlotte an experienced, qualified CBT Practitioner and counsellor. I'm fine... I'm ok ... sound familiar when you're feeling far from ok? I believe that talking therapies can help when life is hard and you're experiencing a difficult time. Maybe you're feeling down, anxious or going through a life transition such as a break up or bereavement. We can work together to focus on what's important to you, helping to improve your wellbeing, achieve your goals, gain a more balanced outlook and rewarding life.
01209 707189 View 01209 707189
Photo of Louisa Cowan, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Louisa Cowan
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Serves Area
I am a psychotherapist in training working towards an MA in Humanistic and Integrative Psychotherapy. I offer a compassionate and confidential space where you are free to bring yourself fully to be listened to empathetically and deeply so that we can work towards the easing of overwhelming emotions and make way for new perspectives. Through our therapeutic relationship I can support you in exploring your thoughts, feelings and experiences and I will sit alongside you as you reach a deeper understanding of self.
I am a psychotherapist in training working towards an MA in Humanistic and Integrative Psychotherapy. I offer a compassionate and confidential space where you are free to bring yourself fully to be listened to empathetically and deeply so that we can work towards the easing of overwhelming emotions and make way for new perspectives. Through our therapeutic relationship I can support you in exploring your thoughts, feelings and experiences and I will sit alongside you as you reach a deeper understanding of self.
07562 991892 View 07562 991892
Photo of Sarah-Jane Butler, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Sarah-Jane Butler
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello, I’m Dr. Sarah Butler, a UK-based Counselling Psychologist offering online therapy focusing on creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can find relief, understanding, and the tools for meaningful change. If you’re navigating trauma, PTSD, anxiety, or phobia or seeking an adult ADHD assessment, I’m here to help. With over 13 years of experience, including extensive work in the NHS and MOD, I bring a deep knowledge of therapeutic approaches and tailor treatment to your specific needs. We’ll explore your feelings, identify the roots of your struggles, and develop practical strategies to make positive changes.
Hello, I’m Dr. Sarah Butler, a UK-based Counselling Psychologist offering online therapy focusing on creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can find relief, understanding, and the tools for meaningful change. If you’re navigating trauma, PTSD, anxiety, or phobia or seeking an adult ADHD assessment, I’m here to help. With over 13 years of experience, including extensive work in the NHS and MOD, I bring a deep knowledge of therapeutic approaches and tailor treatment to your specific needs. We’ll explore your feelings, identify the roots of your struggles, and develop practical strategies to make positive changes.
024 7542 4348 View 024 7542 4348
Photo of Rachel Tyler, Counsellor, MBACP
Rachel Tyler
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Time2B was established to provide counselling for Adults, Teenagers and children. facing a wide range of issues. I pride myself on taking a unique approach to counselling. Working in a client focused way, enables you to explore the issues you are facing at your pace. This means that, as everyone who comes to see me is unique, the approach is tailored to your unique needs. Clinical Supervision and counselling is provided to both trainee and qualified professionals working within Counselling, Therapy, Mental Health, Teaching and Social Work.
Time2B was established to provide counselling for Adults, Teenagers and children. facing a wide range of issues. I pride myself on taking a unique approach to counselling. Working in a client focused way, enables you to explore the issues you are facing at your pace. This means that, as everyone who comes to see me is unique, the approach is tailored to your unique needs. Clinical Supervision and counselling is provided to both trainee and qualified professionals working within Counselling, Therapy, Mental Health, Teaching and Social Work.
07380 336428 View 07380 336428
Photo of Janet Stevens - Janet Stevens counselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Janet Stevens counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
I’m a qualified counselling psychotherapist, working with adults who have various emotional difficulties, that can include, anxiety, stress, depression and the impact this can have on our family, work life and the relationships we have with everyone around us. We can work together to find ways to get through the painful experiences that life can sometimes throw our way, and the causes of these feelings. This could be loss and grief or trauma of any kind, past or present. I can assure you that I will treat you with the respect, empathy and confidentiality that you need when taking the first step to talk.
I’m a qualified counselling psychotherapist, working with adults who have various emotional difficulties, that can include, anxiety, stress, depression and the impact this can have on our family, work life and the relationships we have with everyone around us. We can work together to find ways to get through the painful experiences that life can sometimes throw our way, and the causes of these feelings. This could be loss and grief or trauma of any kind, past or present. I can assure you that I will treat you with the respect, empathy and confidentiality that you need when taking the first step to talk.
01722 548917 View 01722 548917
Photo of Dr Heidi Hand, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Heidi Hand
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
Hi….I am Heidi. I have over 15 years experience providing direct therapy for many different concerns including anxiety/panic, depression, loss, stress, low self esteem, self harm, trauma, eating disorders and more. I also have additional training in neuropsychology and work with individuals with neurological conditions and FND. I can help you build a life that is meaningful and fulfilling despite all the challenges and stresses that life can bring. Together we can work towards your own personal goals … for therapy and beyond!
Hi….I am Heidi. I have over 15 years experience providing direct therapy for many different concerns including anxiety/panic, depression, loss, stress, low self esteem, self harm, trauma, eating disorders and more. I also have additional training in neuropsychology and work with individuals with neurological conditions and FND. I can help you build a life that is meaningful and fulfilling despite all the challenges and stresses that life can bring. Together we can work towards your own personal goals … for therapy and beyond!
01722 444173 View 01722 444173

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sarah Monk, Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Sarah Monk
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
I help adults who are stuck move forward to live rich, full and meaningful lives. I primarily specialise in helping people who struggle with anxiety, depression or chronic health problems and/or disabilities. My collaborative approach focuses on your needs using a combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Positive Psychology. This enables our work to address things that are difficult and painful, provide practical coping skills and help you tap into and pursue the things that make life joyful and meaningful for you. My key values are compassion, wisdom and authenticity. Talk to me to see if I can help you.
I help adults who are stuck move forward to live rich, full and meaningful lives. I primarily specialise in helping people who struggle with anxiety, depression or chronic health problems and/or disabilities. My collaborative approach focuses on your needs using a combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Positive Psychology. This enables our work to address things that are difficult and painful, provide practical coping skills and help you tap into and pursue the things that make life joyful and meaningful for you. My key values are compassion, wisdom and authenticity. Talk to me to see if I can help you.
01264 317933 View 01264 317933
Photo of Lottie Millett, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Lottie Millett
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I am a Clinical Psychologist who has over a decade of experience working with both young people and adults who are struggling with their mental health. I trained at University College London and have extensive clinical experience within the NHS, with a particular focus on working with people struggling with depression, anxiety, and complex trauma. I enjoy working in a collaborative way, making space for people to explore how their past experiences impact their present, and helping them to discover what changes can help them to live a fulfilling and meaningful life.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who has over a decade of experience working with both young people and adults who are struggling with their mental health. I trained at University College London and have extensive clinical experience within the NHS, with a particular focus on working with people struggling with depression, anxiety, and complex trauma. I enjoy working in a collaborative way, making space for people to explore how their past experiences impact their present, and helping them to discover what changes can help them to live a fulfilling and meaningful life.
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Photo of Francesca McDonnell, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Francesca McDonnell
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
As a psychodynamic psychotherapist, I tend to work on an open-ended basis. I work within a relational framework where we think together about the dynamic in the therapeutic relationship and how the past may have contributed to your way of being in the world. My extensive, psychoanalytically informed training means I do not offer practical tools and tend to avoid simplified explanations of your unique experience. Instead, we take time to understand what is going on beneath the surface. The aim is to build a trusting and safe relationship where a more complete picture of yourself becomes clear and accessible.
As a psychodynamic psychotherapist, I tend to work on an open-ended basis. I work within a relational framework where we think together about the dynamic in the therapeutic relationship and how the past may have contributed to your way of being in the world. My extensive, psychoanalytically informed training means I do not offer practical tools and tend to avoid simplified explanations of your unique experience. Instead, we take time to understand what is going on beneath the surface. The aim is to build a trusting and safe relationship where a more complete picture of yourself becomes clear and accessible.
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Photo of Lesley Downs - Lesley Downs Couples Counsellor, Counsellor, MBACP
I specialise in helping couples to re-build, and re-vitalise their relationship, to put the magic back into their marriage or partnership. There are many reasons why couples find themselves struggling with their relationship, perhaps for you its a lack of communication, you're unable to talk to each other because you feel you won't be listened to? Maybe there are constant arguments and you don't know how to stop them? Perhaps the intimacy has gone from your relationship and you desperately want to get the feeling of closeness back? I have a myriad of tools and resources to help you find a way through these problems.
I specialise in helping couples to re-build, and re-vitalise their relationship, to put the magic back into their marriage or partnership. There are many reasons why couples find themselves struggling with their relationship, perhaps for you its a lack of communication, you're unable to talk to each other because you feel you won't be listened to? Maybe there are constant arguments and you don't know how to stop them? Perhaps the intimacy has gone from your relationship and you desperately want to get the feeling of closeness back? I have a myriad of tools and resources to help you find a way through these problems.
07427 534886 View 07427 534886
Photo of Lavine Ellington - Ellington Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Ellington Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Fareham PO16
My specialities include addiction, domestic abuse, sexual trauma, racism, LGBTQIA+, mental health, and neurodiversity. I will listen, at times, I may gently challenge your thought processes—always with the utmost respect and care—to help you find clarity and build confidence in your own voice.Empowering you is key! You have everything within you to live a life filled with love, Joy and purpose. Lousie Hay.
My specialities include addiction, domestic abuse, sexual trauma, racism, LGBTQIA+, mental health, and neurodiversity. I will listen, at times, I may gently challenge your thought processes—always with the utmost respect and care—to help you find clarity and build confidence in your own voice.Empowering you is key! You have everything within you to live a life filled with love, Joy and purpose. Lousie Hay.
01329 551351 View 01329 551351
Photo of Sandra Jane Buckley, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Sandra Jane Buckley
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Andover SP11
"There is a crack in everything - that's how the light gets in" (Leonard Cohen). I love this. We all have problems, things we don't like about ourselves, things we struggle with over and over. It's part of being human, none of us are completely 'sorted'. But sometimes we feel overwhelmed, desperate, alone.... the cracks are too big, the light isn't getting in. Or we feel stuck, frustrated, exhausted, going round in circles, nothing will ever change. Perhaps you feel you can't be the real you. Maybe you feel like this a lot, or maybe it's new for you and your usual coping/support isn't working. Maybe you don't know what's wrong.
"There is a crack in everything - that's how the light gets in" (Leonard Cohen). I love this. We all have problems, things we don't like about ourselves, things we struggle with over and over. It's part of being human, none of us are completely 'sorted'. But sometimes we feel overwhelmed, desperate, alone.... the cracks are too big, the light isn't getting in. Or we feel stuck, frustrated, exhausted, going round in circles, nothing will ever change. Perhaps you feel you can't be the real you. Maybe you feel like this a lot, or maybe it's new for you and your usual coping/support isn't working. Maybe you don't know what's wrong.
07723 506159 View 07723 506159
Photo of Nikila Lian Davis - Nikila Davis Counselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Nikila Davis Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Poole BH15
As a qualified counsellor (and a human being!), I understand what it is to navigate deep pain, find grit in the darkness, and cling to a hope that refuses to give up- even when everything else seems lost. That is the hope I bring into the therapy room, especially when you feel you've run out. I work with adults dealing with relational struggles, boundary issues and the long shadows cast by childhood experiences. I help clients connect the dots between then and now- to understand how their story has shaped them, and how they might begin to reshape it.
As a qualified counsellor (and a human being!), I understand what it is to navigate deep pain, find grit in the darkness, and cling to a hope that refuses to give up- even when everything else seems lost. That is the hope I bring into the therapy room, especially when you feel you've run out. I work with adults dealing with relational struggles, boundary issues and the long shadows cast by childhood experiences. I help clients connect the dots between then and now- to understand how their story has shaped them, and how they might begin to reshape it.
01202 037053 View 01202 037053
Photo of Nicky Bates - Nicky Bates Director of The TLC Counselling Hub, Counsellor, BACP
Thank you for taking the time to read my profile. Firstly People need to feel valued, people need to feel accepted and they certainly need to feel heard. Based in central Andover, I specialise in anxiety, trauma, neurodiversity, bereavement, intrusive thoughts and work very well with people from the LGBTQ+ community. I offer a non-judgemental approach using Gestalt and Humanistic theory. What this means is that we work creatively with what is happening for you right now. Creative work can unlock things from the past in a safe contained way. Online counselling is now available.
Thank you for taking the time to read my profile. Firstly People need to feel valued, people need to feel accepted and they certainly need to feel heard. Based in central Andover, I specialise in anxiety, trauma, neurodiversity, bereavement, intrusive thoughts and work very well with people from the LGBTQ+ community. I offer a non-judgemental approach using Gestalt and Humanistic theory. What this means is that we work creatively with what is happening for you right now. Creative work can unlock things from the past in a safe contained way. Online counselling is now available.
01264 317085 View 01264 317085
Photo of Pamela Humphryes, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Pamela Humphryes
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
I am an adult, couples, schools and adolescent Person Centred counsellor - and an accredited member of the BACP. I have extensive experience of working with C-PTSD, trauma, neuro-diversity, ADHD and Adverse Childhood experiences and/or trauma. I have worked with the Military, ex-military and veterans with C-PTSD for over 5 years. Additionally, I have the lived experience of being an army wife. I have worked in Talking Therapies (Step 3) and have treated clients using evidence based psychological therapies (CBT) for depression, low self-esteem, social anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder, illness anxiety, panic disorder and PTSD.
I am an adult, couples, schools and adolescent Person Centred counsellor - and an accredited member of the BACP. I have extensive experience of working with C-PTSD, trauma, neuro-diversity, ADHD and Adverse Childhood experiences and/or trauma. I have worked with the Military, ex-military and veterans with C-PTSD for over 5 years. Additionally, I have the lived experience of being an army wife. I have worked in Talking Therapies (Step 3) and have treated clients using evidence based psychological therapies (CBT) for depression, low self-esteem, social anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder, illness anxiety, panic disorder and PTSD.
01980 881904 View 01980 881904
Photo of Donne Scott - Donne Scott Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Donne Scott Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Alton GU34
Whether it is to improve your mental health or gain understanding of and move on from your past, counselling can help. It takes courage to take the steps to seek counselling and I offer a safe, supportive, non-judgemental and confidential space to support you in this.
Whether it is to improve your mental health or gain understanding of and move on from your past, counselling can help. It takes courage to take the steps to seek counselling and I offer a safe, supportive, non-judgemental and confidential space to support you in this.
023 8272 1569 View 023 8272 1569

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in SP6

10+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in SP6 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
90% Trauma and PTSD
90% Sexual Abuse
90% Self-Harming
90% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% WPA
50% Aviva
50% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in SP6 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in SP6?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.