Counselling in SO23
David Chidgey
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
I am a Psychodynamic Counsellor working in Hampshire. If you are experiencing issues with anxiety, depression, stress, bereavement, abuse, relationship issues or a lack of confidence, I offer counselling where together we can get to the bottom of your difficulties and help you to understand yourself more clearly. Psychodynamic Counselling can provide you with a confidential, non-judgemental 'space' to reflect upon and work through the issues you are facing. Counselling requires commitment from us both, but gradually, over time, it can be a rewarding way to enable you to manage the issues that life throws your way.
I am a Psychodynamic Counsellor working in Hampshire. If you are experiencing issues with anxiety, depression, stress, bereavement, abuse, relationship issues or a lack of confidence, I offer counselling where together we can get to the bottom of your difficulties and help you to understand yourself more clearly. Psychodynamic Counselling can provide you with a confidential, non-judgemental 'space' to reflect upon and work through the issues you are facing. Counselling requires commitment from us both, but gradually, over time, it can be a rewarding way to enable you to manage the issues that life throws your way.
Johanne Wyld
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Making the decision to enter into psychotherapy can be an important step and my aim is to offer a confidential space to discuss your concerns. Psychotherapy can be an opportunity to talk through what feels difficult or problematic in life. Sometimes people have an idea about the nature of their difficulties, others are less sure. Talking with a therapist can help you to discover and make sense of what is leaving you feeling either stuck, lost, anxious, unhappy or overwhelmed.
Making the decision to enter into psychotherapy can be an important step and my aim is to offer a confidential space to discuss your concerns. Psychotherapy can be an opportunity to talk through what feels difficult or problematic in life. Sometimes people have an idea about the nature of their difficulties, others are less sure. Talking with a therapist can help you to discover and make sense of what is leaving you feeling either stuck, lost, anxious, unhappy or overwhelmed.
Colette Molyneux
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Hello, my name is Colette. There are certain times in our lives when we find ourselves stuck. Troubled feelings and thoughts are important sign-posts and offer a route to a happier and richer state of mind – if you’re able to work through them successfully. It is often helpful to have someone other than family and friends to discuss your thoughts and make sense of them in a structured way . I approach my work with warmth and compassion and am experienced in a wide range of issues.
Hello, my name is Colette. There are certain times in our lives when we find ourselves stuck. Troubled feelings and thoughts are important sign-posts and offer a route to a happier and richer state of mind – if you’re able to work through them successfully. It is often helpful to have someone other than family and friends to discuss your thoughts and make sense of them in a structured way . I approach my work with warmth and compassion and am experienced in a wide range of issues.
Carly Crawford
Counsellor, MSc, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
I believe passionately that everyone can benefit from empathetic, professional support, whether you're trying to improve your relationships, facing a life change or wanting to address past trauma. With my lower cost practice I aim to ensure it is accessible to everyone. I have worked in the field of mental health and well-being for many years, in charitable counselling services and in homeless, addiction and resettlement services. I currently work with an inner-city low cost counselling service and a specialist service for survivors of abuse, work I value highly because I believe everyone deserves support with mental wellness.
I believe passionately that everyone can benefit from empathetic, professional support, whether you're trying to improve your relationships, facing a life change or wanting to address past trauma. With my lower cost practice I aim to ensure it is accessible to everyone. I have worked in the field of mental health and well-being for many years, in charitable counselling services and in homeless, addiction and resettlement services. I currently work with an inner-city low cost counselling service and a specialist service for survivors of abuse, work I value highly because I believe everyone deserves support with mental wellness.
Dr Sarah Beattie
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Not accepting new clients
I am a friendly and experienced Clinical Psychologist and EMDR therapist. I have over 15 years’ experience of working in the NHS providing mental health support to service users and their families. I have extensive experience and training of working with adults and children with a range of difficulties including anxiety, phobia, depression and trauma. I also work with clients who seek therapy for the purposes of personal development and reflection. Alongside private practice I work within an NHS Paediatric service providing psychological therapy to children, young people and their families.
I am a friendly and experienced Clinical Psychologist and EMDR therapist. I have over 15 years’ experience of working in the NHS providing mental health support to service users and their families. I have extensive experience and training of working with adults and children with a range of difficulties including anxiety, phobia, depression and trauma. I also work with clients who seek therapy for the purposes of personal development and reflection. Alongside private practice I work within an NHS Paediatric service providing psychological therapy to children, young people and their families.
Lynne Ball
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Hello, my name is Lynne and I'm a professionally qualified counsellor and registered member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. Are you struggling to make sense of how you’re thinking and feeling or finding it difficult to express yourself in your relationships with others? Are you overwhelmed but feel you can’t burden anyone with your worries? If trying to cope is making you more anxious, depressed or causing problems in your relationships, you're not alone. We can all feel overwhelmed at times and in need of support but you don’t always have to struggle to work things out on your own.
Hello, my name is Lynne and I'm a professionally qualified counsellor and registered member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. Are you struggling to make sense of how you’re thinking and feeling or finding it difficult to express yourself in your relationships with others? Are you overwhelmed but feel you can’t burden anyone with your worries? If trying to cope is making you more anxious, depressed or causing problems in your relationships, you're not alone. We can all feel overwhelmed at times and in need of support but you don’t always have to struggle to work things out on your own.
Suzanne McKenna
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Hi my name is Suzanne and I am a qualified counsellor in advanced psychotherapy training. I work with individuals and couples over the age of 18 and offer 50 minute in person session in a central location in the city of Winchester. Some of the issues I am most experienced with include anxiety and depression, relationship issues, trauma and abuse, low confidence, self esteem and disordered eating. I would best describe my approach as warm, respectful and non-judgemental. I am passionate about helping clients reconnect with themselves and the world around them, helping them to live a happier and fuller life....
Hi my name is Suzanne and I am a qualified counsellor in advanced psychotherapy training. I work with individuals and couples over the age of 18 and offer 50 minute in person session in a central location in the city of Winchester. Some of the issues I am most experienced with include anxiety and depression, relationship issues, trauma and abuse, low confidence, self esteem and disordered eating. I would best describe my approach as warm, respectful and non-judgemental. I am passionate about helping clients reconnect with themselves and the world around them, helping them to live a happier and fuller life....
Yvonne Johnson-Mills
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
There are times in life when we can feel stuck, emotionally conflicted, or simply overwhelmed by the challenges we are facing, which may in turn begin to cause us difficulties in our daily lives. Sometimes allowing yourself time to stop and express what you are feeling in a neutral environment can help bring clarity and balance to your life. Counselling can offer you a safe, non-judgmental, confidential space to unpick and explore some of your underlying issues, helping you to gain a deeper understanding of yourself and your world.
There are times in life when we can feel stuck, emotionally conflicted, or simply overwhelmed by the challenges we are facing, which may in turn begin to cause us difficulties in our daily lives. Sometimes allowing yourself time to stop and express what you are feeling in a neutral environment can help bring clarity and balance to your life. Counselling can offer you a safe, non-judgmental, confidential space to unpick and explore some of your underlying issues, helping you to gain a deeper understanding of yourself and your world.
Dr Clare Evans
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23 (Online Only)
Offering therapy for both adults and young people who may be struggling with any emotional difficulty, and are looking for a therapist able to deliver both person-centred and evidence-based therapy. I am a qualified Clinical Psychologist offering one to one therapy using a formulation (understanding) driven approach. Therapy can initially seem like a daunting prospect. However, I strongly believe that it also represents a brave and positive step taken toward personal growth. I will help guide you through at your pace, allowing you to feel safe, respected and validated.
Offering therapy for both adults and young people who may be struggling with any emotional difficulty, and are looking for a therapist able to deliver both person-centred and evidence-based therapy. I am a qualified Clinical Psychologist offering one to one therapy using a formulation (understanding) driven approach. Therapy can initially seem like a daunting prospect. However, I strongly believe that it also represents a brave and positive step taken toward personal growth. I will help guide you through at your pace, allowing you to feel safe, respected and validated.
Andy Wareham
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, sad or that something is just not quite right, then counselling may well be useful. I provide a safe, calm, confidential and reflective space for you to explore any difficulties you are experiencing. At the heart of my approach is the belief that together we can create awareness of what is causing your current discomfort. I can then support you in making the changes necessary to help restore greater balance and increased wellbeing. I offer a free 15 minute telephone appointment to help you decide if I'm the right counsellor for you.
If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, sad or that something is just not quite right, then counselling may well be useful. I provide a safe, calm, confidential and reflective space for you to explore any difficulties you are experiencing. At the heart of my approach is the belief that together we can create awareness of what is causing your current discomfort. I can then support you in making the changes necessary to help restore greater balance and increased wellbeing. I offer a free 15 minute telephone appointment to help you decide if I'm the right counsellor for you.
Danni Findlay
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
The last few years have been a real strain for many people. Perhaps you don't feel right, your relationships might be suffering, you may feel exhausted from trying to maintain a positive side. Maybe you keep doing the same things over and over but cannot seem to break the cycle. I believe we all have the capacity to help ourselves through much of this but, in an increasingly complex and busy life where we are ‘always on’, there often feels like there's little time available to focus on 'me'. Counselling gives you the valuable space and time to find your way in a supported and non-judgmental environment.
The last few years have been a real strain for many people. Perhaps you don't feel right, your relationships might be suffering, you may feel exhausted from trying to maintain a positive side. Maybe you keep doing the same things over and over but cannot seem to break the cycle. I believe we all have the capacity to help ourselves through much of this but, in an increasingly complex and busy life where we are ‘always on’, there often feels like there's little time available to focus on 'me'. Counselling gives you the valuable space and time to find your way in a supported and non-judgmental environment.
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Lucy Walthoe
Counsellor, MA, BACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Qualified and experienced relational therapist. Are you struggling emotionally? I offer you a relationship where you can be vulnerable, supported, and we work together to find your way through. You may be going through a tumultuous time, like the end of a relationship or loss of a loved one. You may feel weighed down, stressed or anxious about how much you have to juggle. You may be carrying emotional pain or questions from your past that you would like to resolve. Or negative thoughts, feelings and behaviours might fill your life, leaving you isolated. I offer a space where you are safe to be vulnerable and find your way through.
Qualified and experienced relational therapist. Are you struggling emotionally? I offer you a relationship where you can be vulnerable, supported, and we work together to find your way through. You may be going through a tumultuous time, like the end of a relationship or loss of a loved one. You may feel weighed down, stressed or anxious about how much you have to juggle. You may be carrying emotional pain or questions from your past that you would like to resolve. Or negative thoughts, feelings and behaviours might fill your life, leaving you isolated. I offer a space where you are safe to be vulnerable and find your way through.
Sue Thomas
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Waitlist for new clients
Are you seeking a space to unpack thoughts and feelings which feel hard to voice? Trying to find more capacity to understand and encounter yourself and others more deeply? Therapy offers a confidential space in which you can speak about your life’s journey, as well as what occupies your thoughts today. This can involve exploring the anxieties, relationships, dreams and experiences which are most significant for you. I practice psychoanalytic psychotherapy: this will not give you tools or advice - instead it will help you understand the parts of yourself which may feel hidden, troubling and confusing.
Are you seeking a space to unpack thoughts and feelings which feel hard to voice? Trying to find more capacity to understand and encounter yourself and others more deeply? Therapy offers a confidential space in which you can speak about your life’s journey, as well as what occupies your thoughts today. This can involve exploring the anxieties, relationships, dreams and experiences which are most significant for you. I practice psychoanalytic psychotherapy: this will not give you tools or advice - instead it will help you understand the parts of yourself which may feel hidden, troubling and confusing.
The Cosy Room Therapy - Dramatherapy
PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
Winchester SO23
Do you struggle with anxiety, poor self-esteem, relationship difficulties, or other emotional issues? Do you sometimes find it difficult to articulate what the problem is or feel that words are just not enough to express it? It might be that Dramatherapy is right for you. Dramatherapy is a form of psychological therapy/psychotherapy (BADth), which makes use of a variety of creative-expressive techniques to help you explore your feelings. It is particularly helpful when you struggle to articulate what the problem is or when words are just not enough to express it.
Do you struggle with anxiety, poor self-esteem, relationship difficulties, or other emotional issues? Do you sometimes find it difficult to articulate what the problem is or feel that words are just not enough to express it? It might be that Dramatherapy is right for you. Dramatherapy is a form of psychological therapy/psychotherapy (BADth), which makes use of a variety of creative-expressive techniques to help you explore your feelings. It is particularly helpful when you struggle to articulate what the problem is or when words are just not enough to express it.
Megan Hill
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
I offer a safe, confidential and judgement free space where we can work through what is troubling you. You may be here as you have been struggling for a while, or perhaps you find yourself in a crisis that is difficult to cope with. Maybe you'd like to understand yourself better or get out of patterns that are no longer helpful. We will work together to better understand your thoughts and feelings, to get to the heart of what is distressing you. It can be paralysing to not know if things will get better. With a space to think together and better understand yourself, change and a greater sense of self and wellbeing are possible.
I offer a safe, confidential and judgement free space where we can work through what is troubling you. You may be here as you have been struggling for a while, or perhaps you find yourself in a crisis that is difficult to cope with. Maybe you'd like to understand yourself better or get out of patterns that are no longer helpful. We will work together to better understand your thoughts and feelings, to get to the heart of what is distressing you. It can be paralysing to not know if things will get better. With a space to think together and better understand yourself, change and a greater sense of self and wellbeing are possible.
Pamela Sanderson
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
I am a fully qualified person centred therapist with over 15 years experience. I specialise in working with clients suffering from anxiety, depression and stress and take great pleasure in seeing clients make progress. In each session, I apply the core conditions of the person centred approach; empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard. Sessions with me are non-directive and non-judgmental, helping to create a supportive environment where you can share your journey freely. Together, we will work through the challenges you're facing and work towards a place where you can feel at ease with yourself.
I am a fully qualified person centred therapist with over 15 years experience. I specialise in working with clients suffering from anxiety, depression and stress and take great pleasure in seeing clients make progress. In each session, I apply the core conditions of the person centred approach; empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard. Sessions with me are non-directive and non-judgmental, helping to create a supportive environment where you can share your journey freely. Together, we will work through the challenges you're facing and work towards a place where you can feel at ease with yourself.
Anna Mackean
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
I am an Integrative (Humanistic) counsellor specialising in young people and adolescents from age 11-25. Counselling provides a space to talk to someone independently, confidentially and safely. It gives an opportunity to explore, and understand, feelings, thoughts, experiences and emotions which may be hidden, troubling or confusing without judgement, and with warmth and compassion. Working together enables the exploration of being your true self. Everyone has their own unique way of looking at the world which can impact choices and actions. Through self-awareness you can understand the causes of your concerns or triggers.
I am an Integrative (Humanistic) counsellor specialising in young people and adolescents from age 11-25. Counselling provides a space to talk to someone independently, confidentially and safely. It gives an opportunity to explore, and understand, feelings, thoughts, experiences and emotions which may be hidden, troubling or confusing without judgement, and with warmth and compassion. Working together enables the exploration of being your true self. Everyone has their own unique way of looking at the world which can impact choices and actions. Through self-awareness you can understand the causes of your concerns or triggers.
Samantha Elizabeth Barnes
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Welcome to my profile, this is your time to move forward and I can offer you therapy which is professional and effective when life presents with difficulties and challenges. My practice provides a confidential online, telephone and video-call option as well as face to face counselling support. Counselling and psychotherapy for individuals and relationship counselling for couples can be helpful and hugely rewarding at any stage of life. The counselling experience I provide is an opportunity for self-development and personal growth, building on your own particular strengths and enabling an increased sense of overall wellbeing.
Welcome to my profile, this is your time to move forward and I can offer you therapy which is professional and effective when life presents with difficulties and challenges. My practice provides a confidential online, telephone and video-call option as well as face to face counselling support. Counselling and psychotherapy for individuals and relationship counselling for couples can be helpful and hugely rewarding at any stage of life. The counselling experience I provide is an opportunity for self-development and personal growth, building on your own particular strengths and enabling an increased sense of overall wellbeing.
KC-Counselling Ltd
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Hello I'm Kasey, I'm working as a qualified humanistic counsellor in the Winchester area. I offer sessions in a calm, relaxing, private purpose build counselling room. Together we can talk about areas of your life you would like to improve and how I can support you in that process. Finding the right counsellor can be daunting, I offer a free 10 minute telephone consultation which enables me to answer any questions you may have. I am happy to tell you a bit about the way I work and you can tell me what you are hoping to gain from counselling.
Hello I'm Kasey, I'm working as a qualified humanistic counsellor in the Winchester area. I offer sessions in a calm, relaxing, private purpose build counselling room. Together we can talk about areas of your life you would like to improve and how I can support you in that process. Finding the right counsellor can be daunting, I offer a free 10 minute telephone consultation which enables me to answer any questions you may have. I am happy to tell you a bit about the way I work and you can tell me what you are hoping to gain from counselling.
Winchester Trauma Counselling (Lori Hedges)
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Winchester SO23
Trauma Therapy Service of the Year 2022 - Hampshire, awarded by Global Health & Pharma. I am a BACP registered Counsellor, Supervisor, and Trainer (register number 333403) working in Winchester, and online. I have experience working with a wide range of issues with clients, although I am particularly passionate about working with clients who have experienced early attachment disruption, trauma or abuse, including transgenerational / childhood / adulthood abuse, have a personality disorder diagnosis, experience dissociation / have a dissociative disorder, experience self harm or suicidal feeling, thoughts, or impulses.
Trauma Therapy Service of the Year 2022 - Hampshire, awarded by Global Health & Pharma. I am a BACP registered Counsellor, Supervisor, and Trainer (register number 333403) working in Winchester, and online. I have experience working with a wide range of issues with clients, although I am particularly passionate about working with clients who have experienced early attachment disruption, trauma or abuse, including transgenerational / childhood / adulthood abuse, have a personality disorder diagnosis, experience dissociation / have a dissociative disorder, experience self harm or suicidal feeling, thoughts, or impulses.
See more therapy options for SO23
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in SO23
40+
Average cost per session
£55
Counsellors in SO23 who prioritize treating:
98% | Anxiety |
93% | Depression |
91% | Self Esteem |
91% | Stress |
87% | Relationship Issues |
84% | Bereavement |
69% | Anger Management |
Average years in practice
6 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
56% | Aviva |
56% | AXA PPP |
44% | Vitality |
How Counsellors in SO23 see their clients
89% | In Person and Online | |
11% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
84% | Female | |
16% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in SO23?
Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.