Counselling in Farnham

Photo of Kathryn Woodward, Psychotherapist in Farnham, England
Kathryn Woodward
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
Hi, I’m Kathryn – a qualified Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist. We all face times in our life when things feel less than easy. For some, a particular aspect of life may feel overwhelming. For others, their entire situation may feel desperate. Some may simply feel that they want an opportunity to understand themselves better, to be the ‘best’ that they can be. Whatever your current experience, Counselling & Psychotherapy gives you the opportunity to ‘unpack’ what is happening for you with a qualified individual, held safely, and in confidence.
Hi, I’m Kathryn – a qualified Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist. We all face times in our life when things feel less than easy. For some, a particular aspect of life may feel overwhelming. For others, their entire situation may feel desperate. Some may simply feel that they want an opportunity to understand themselves better, to be the ‘best’ that they can be. Whatever your current experience, Counselling & Psychotherapy gives you the opportunity to ‘unpack’ what is happening for you with a qualified individual, held safely, and in confidence.
01252 986048 View 01252 986048
Photo of Alice Stoddart, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Alice Stoddart
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
I have an interest in how patterns in thinking and behaviour may be linked to the past, recognising that it can be helpful to look at the past to understand our present. I want all clients to feel heard, valued and understood – supporting clients to explore their perspectives and empowering them to experience change.
I have an interest in how patterns in thinking and behaviour may be linked to the past, recognising that it can be helpful to look at the past to understand our present. I want all clients to feel heard, valued and understood – supporting clients to explore their perspectives and empowering them to experience change.
01252 282910 View 01252 282910
Photo of Katherine Smith, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Katherine Smith
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
I work with young people aged 11+ from a quiet location outside Farnham. I have been providing therapeutic services for adolescents for several years in educational and statutory environments and have worked with a variety of different issues, including anxiety, depression, self harm and trauma. My belief is that young people deserve constructive, thoughtful support that is tailored to their needs and I endeavour to work with teenagers to ensure that they have the skills and resilience to meet the challenges that lie ahead of them.
I work with young people aged 11+ from a quiet location outside Farnham. I have been providing therapeutic services for adolescents for several years in educational and statutory environments and have worked with a variety of different issues, including anxiety, depression, self harm and trauma. My belief is that young people deserve constructive, thoughtful support that is tailored to their needs and I endeavour to work with teenagers to ensure that they have the skills and resilience to meet the challenges that lie ahead of them.
01252 282927 View 01252 282927
Photo of Stuart Ralph, Psychotherapist in Farnham, England
Stuart Ralph
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
Waitlist for new clients
I work with clients from 4 years up to 25. I see a wide range of challenges including OCD, anxiety, depression, grief, school refusal, identity, mood, and peer problems. I have a special interest in OCD, having run a podcast for the last 7 years (5m downloads), and received the International OCD Foundation hero award in 2018. Childhood, adolescence and young adulthood can come with many challenges and difficulties, I offer a safe, empathic and compassionate approach to my clients, while providing evidence based solutions to their problems. I work in private practice, and as co-founder of The Integrative Centre for OCD Therapy.
I work with clients from 4 years up to 25. I see a wide range of challenges including OCD, anxiety, depression, grief, school refusal, identity, mood, and peer problems. I have a special interest in OCD, having run a podcast for the last 7 years (5m downloads), and received the International OCD Foundation hero award in 2018. Childhood, adolescence and young adulthood can come with many challenges and difficulties, I offer a safe, empathic and compassionate approach to my clients, while providing evidence based solutions to their problems. I work in private practice, and as co-founder of The Integrative Centre for OCD Therapy.
View
Photo of Clare Walters, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Clare Walters
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Farnham GU10
I am an experienced counsellor offering a flexible approach to suit your individual needs. Working with anxiety, depression and the main causes of emotional distress and relationship difficulties, i offer day and evening sessions. My priority as a counsellor is my clients well-being at a time when they may be finding life confusing or difficult. I believe counselling can help us find balance and hope in our lives, and offer a safe place to explore our thoughts and feelings.
I am an experienced counsellor offering a flexible approach to suit your individual needs. Working with anxiety, depression and the main causes of emotional distress and relationship difficulties, i offer day and evening sessions. My priority as a counsellor is my clients well-being at a time when they may be finding life confusing or difficult. I believe counselling can help us find balance and hope in our lives, and offer a safe place to explore our thoughts and feelings.
01483 312587 View 01483 312587
Photo of Henry King, Psychotherapist in Farnham, England
Henry King
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
Henry is a relational counsellor and psychotherapist offering long and short term working for a wide range of presentations. Henry works face to face and online with clients both in the UK and abroad. He is a BACP accredited therapist which means his work has been assessed to the highest standard, and he is educated in this field to masters level 7. He works with many issues including social anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder, managing anxiety, low moods, depression, coping skills, feeling overwhelmed, isolation, loneliness, suicidal thoughts, abuse, and trauma.
Henry is a relational counsellor and psychotherapist offering long and short term working for a wide range of presentations. Henry works face to face and online with clients both in the UK and abroad. He is a BACP accredited therapist which means his work has been assessed to the highest standard, and he is educated in this field to masters level 7. He works with many issues including social anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder, managing anxiety, low moods, depression, coping skills, feeling overwhelmed, isolation, loneliness, suicidal thoughts, abuse, and trauma.
020 4538 8093 View 020 4538 8093
Photo of Jill Rossiter, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Jill Rossiter
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
My name is Jill, and I provide down-to-earth person-centred counselling for adults and young people in Farnham, Guildford, and online. I understand that reaching out for support isn’t easy, especially if you’re doing it for the first time, but my practice is a safe place where we can develop a strong therapeutic relationship and give you the space to speak freely about what’s troubling you. This is your time to explore difficult emotions without the fear of being judged. My counselling is available to adults and young people from age 11 upwards, with me always adapting how I work to suit each individual client.
My name is Jill, and I provide down-to-earth person-centred counselling for adults and young people in Farnham, Guildford, and online. I understand that reaching out for support isn’t easy, especially if you’re doing it for the first time, but my practice is a safe place where we can develop a strong therapeutic relationship and give you the space to speak freely about what’s troubling you. This is your time to explore difficult emotions without the fear of being judged. My counselling is available to adults and young people from age 11 upwards, with me always adapting how I work to suit each individual client.
07957 697435 View 07957 697435
Photo of Helen Drysdale, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Helen Drysdale
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
Waitlist for new clients
Looking to make a real change? I offer a friendly, welcoming and safe environment in which to explore your concerns, identify their root causes, evolve your sense of self-worth and gain a greater sense of autonomy. I can help you view your life through a different lens and strengthen your ability to develop resilience when dealing with challenging circumstances. My counselling rooms are in Farnham, Surrey, with nearby parking facilities and links to public transport. I also offer counselling sessions via Zoom, WhatsApp and telephone and work with individuals aged 18 to 80+.
Looking to make a real change? I offer a friendly, welcoming and safe environment in which to explore your concerns, identify their root causes, evolve your sense of self-worth and gain a greater sense of autonomy. I can help you view your life through a different lens and strengthen your ability to develop resilience when dealing with challenging circumstances. My counselling rooms are in Farnham, Surrey, with nearby parking facilities and links to public transport. I also offer counselling sessions via Zoom, WhatsApp and telephone and work with individuals aged 18 to 80+.
01252 988518 View 01252 988518
Photo of Marion Downey, Psychotherapist in Farnham, England
Marion Downey
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
I am an experienced psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience working with adults, young people and couples. I have a natural ability to empathise with my clients and am able to offer the support they need whilst working together to find tailor-made solutions. My clients often reflect on how their own journey has progressed through therapy with me, and many of my referrals come through word of mouth and the resulting network I have developed over the years. Before training to be a therapist at the University of Surrey, I worked in management and Human Resources. I currently hold a post teaching Psychology.
I am an experienced psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience working with adults, young people and couples. I have a natural ability to empathise with my clients and am able to offer the support they need whilst working together to find tailor-made solutions. My clients often reflect on how their own journey has progressed through therapy with me, and many of my referrals come through word of mouth and the resulting network I have developed over the years. Before training to be a therapist at the University of Surrey, I worked in management and Human Resources. I currently hold a post teaching Psychology.
01252 942758 View 01252 942758
Photo of The Integrative Centre for OCD Therapy, Counsellor in Farnham, England
The Integrative Centre for OCD Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Farnham GU9
Our therapists work online across the UK, we also work face to face with children and young people in Farnham (Surrey) & Herne Hill (London), and with adults in Manchester. Hello, we are the Integrative Centre for OCD Therapy. The founders BACP accredited therapists Jonny Say and Stuart Ralph founded the centre in 2023 to address the need for more affordable and effective therapy options in the UK. Having both suffered from OCD for long periods of time, they created the clinic to help others sooner. Our therapists cover a range of ages from 6 years old up.
Our therapists work online across the UK, we also work face to face with children and young people in Farnham (Surrey) & Herne Hill (London), and with adults in Manchester. Hello, we are the Integrative Centre for OCD Therapy. The founders BACP accredited therapists Jonny Say and Stuart Ralph founded the centre in 2023 to address the need for more affordable and effective therapy options in the UK. Having both suffered from OCD for long periods of time, they created the clinic to help others sooner. Our therapists cover a range of ages from 6 years old up.
View
Photo of Maria Fragkou, Psychotherapist in Farnham, England
Maria Fragkou
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
I am a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, an EMDR Therapist, and a clinical supervisor. I offer CBT and EMDR, and I work collaboratively with my clients to identify how therapy can meet their needs and alleviate distress. I work with people with a variety of psychological difficulties, such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, PTSD / C-PTSD, and loss. I work with people who experience distress in the perinatal period and I also offer parenting support. I also specialise in adapting CBT for Autism Spectrum Condition and ADHD. You can find more information about me on www.adapted-therapies.com
I am a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, an EMDR Therapist, and a clinical supervisor. I offer CBT and EMDR, and I work collaboratively with my clients to identify how therapy can meet their needs and alleviate distress. I work with people with a variety of psychological difficulties, such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, PTSD / C-PTSD, and loss. I work with people who experience distress in the perinatal period and I also offer parenting support. I also specialise in adapting CBT for Autism Spectrum Condition and ADHD. You can find more information about me on www.adapted-therapies.com
01689 664654 View 01689 664654
Photo of Fiona Sutton Counselling, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Fiona Sutton Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
I know life can become challenging, overwhelming and numbing and it can feel difficult to find a way through. Traumatic and life changing events from the past and present can change belief and behaviours, knock confidence and impact self-esteem and relationships. I am an experienced integrative counsellor who can support you in understanding yourself better and help you gain courage and confidence to express your thoughts and feelings clearly. In a confidential, safe, non-judgmental space, you will have the opportunity to work through emotional struggles and become more accepting of your life's journey.
I know life can become challenging, overwhelming and numbing and it can feel difficult to find a way through. Traumatic and life changing events from the past and present can change belief and behaviours, knock confidence and impact self-esteem and relationships. I am an experienced integrative counsellor who can support you in understanding yourself better and help you gain courage and confidence to express your thoughts and feelings clearly. In a confidential, safe, non-judgmental space, you will have the opportunity to work through emotional struggles and become more accepting of your life's journey.
01252 229663 View 01252 229663
Photo of Dr Laura Major, Psychologist in Farnham, England
Dr Laura Major
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
Do you experience anxiety? Do you repeatedly check that doors are closed or lights are switched off before you can leave the house? Do you strive for perfection but always feel not good enough? Are you feeling low and lacking in energy or motivation? These are a couple of examples of difficulties that I can help you with! As a Clinical Psychologist, I am passionate about supporting my clients to overcome difficult emotions in order to live life in line with their dreams and values.
Do you experience anxiety? Do you repeatedly check that doors are closed or lights are switched off before you can leave the house? Do you strive for perfection but always feel not good enough? Are you feeling low and lacking in energy or motivation? These are a couple of examples of difficulties that I can help you with! As a Clinical Psychologist, I am passionate about supporting my clients to overcome difficult emotions in order to live life in line with their dreams and values.
01252 964415 View 01252 964415
Photo of Donna Neale, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Donna Neale
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Farnham GU9
I work with adults and young people from age 11 - aiming to provide a walm welcoming environment to explore any of life's challenges. We all have moments where we need additional support, I can offer compassionate and empathetic understanding of the distress you may be experiencing, I can help you with depression, anxiety, anger, social anxiety, ODC symptoms, low self-esteem or just support you through a challenging time.
I work with adults and young people from age 11 - aiming to provide a walm welcoming environment to explore any of life's challenges. We all have moments where we need additional support, I can offer compassionate and empathetic understanding of the distress you may be experiencing, I can help you with depression, anxiety, anger, social anxiety, ODC symptoms, low self-esteem or just support you through a challenging time.
01252 414959 View 01252 414959
Photo of Laura Cawson, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Laura Cawson
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Farnham GU10
I am aware that many people communicate on a very superficial level, frightened they may be judged, won’t be liked, or don’t fit in. I fully believe we all deserve to be the best version of ourselves that we can be. By talking with me, I hope you will discover your full and true potential, which may enable you to make healthier choices and create positive changes. I am passionate about my work and consider it both a responsibility and a privilege to be actively engaged in my client’s exploration of their life and I offer you my full commitment and dedication
I am aware that many people communicate on a very superficial level, frightened they may be judged, won’t be liked, or don’t fit in. I fully believe we all deserve to be the best version of ourselves that we can be. By talking with me, I hope you will discover your full and true potential, which may enable you to make healthier choices and create positive changes. I am passionate about my work and consider it both a responsibility and a privilege to be actively engaged in my client’s exploration of their life and I offer you my full commitment and dedication
01252 959824 View 01252 959824
Photo of Sara Speakes SLS Counselling, Psychotherapist in Farnham, England
Sara Speakes SLS Counselling
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
I believe that strength comes from within, and that we all have the ability to change given the right conditions and motivation. Reflection and a better understanding of ourselves in relation to others, are essential tools in making changes however small or large. Everyone is unique and I work on the principle that "you are the expert on you " but at times of distress or difficulty, you may lose sight of this. This is where counselling can help you to achieve a more positive outlook and a greater understanding.
I believe that strength comes from within, and that we all have the ability to change given the right conditions and motivation. Reflection and a better understanding of ourselves in relation to others, are essential tools in making changes however small or large. Everyone is unique and I work on the principle that "you are the expert on you " but at times of distress or difficulty, you may lose sight of this. This is where counselling can help you to achieve a more positive outlook and a greater understanding.
01252 979125 View 01252 979125
Photo of Chris Faulkner, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Chris Faulkner
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
I am a qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist with extensive experience with a wide range of client issues including bereavement, self-esteem, shame, guilt and relationship issues to name but a few. I believe passionately that every person is unique and individual. Life can at times be difficult and confusing; a single major event or a number of events can affect our internal equilibrium and affect quality of life. I offer a warm, empathic, safe and non-judgemental space for you to explore your feelings and issues. As a native speaker of Spanish I offer Spanish speaking therapy for the Hispanic community.
I am a qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist with extensive experience with a wide range of client issues including bereavement, self-esteem, shame, guilt and relationship issues to name but a few. I believe passionately that every person is unique and individual. Life can at times be difficult and confusing; a single major event or a number of events can affect our internal equilibrium and affect quality of life. I offer a warm, empathic, safe and non-judgemental space for you to explore your feelings and issues. As a native speaker of Spanish I offer Spanish speaking therapy for the Hispanic community.
07799 697952 View 07799 697952
Photo of Louise Morris, Psychotherapist in Farnham, England
Louise Morris
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
We all experience difficulties and challenges in our lives. Sometimes, problems can feel overwhelming, even unbearable. At times, we may feel that we ourselves are the problem. I offer a non-judgemental, confidential space where, together, we can explore the challenges you face. Some facts of our lives cannot be changed – having happened already or, for example, illness or impending loss. As your therapist, my aim is to offer you the relationship and support you need to reflect on and be more able to cope with difficult life events.
We all experience difficulties and challenges in our lives. Sometimes, problems can feel overwhelming, even unbearable. At times, we may feel that we ourselves are the problem. I offer a non-judgemental, confidential space where, together, we can explore the challenges you face. Some facts of our lives cannot be changed – having happened already or, for example, illness or impending loss. As your therapist, my aim is to offer you the relationship and support you need to reflect on and be more able to cope with difficult life events.
01252 221954 View 01252 221954
Photo of Madeleine Tebbet, Psychologist in Farnham, England
Madeleine Tebbet
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
As a Clinical Psychologist I offer treatment for a range of presenting difficulties including anxiety, depression and trauma. I specialise in working with parents, parents-to-be and those trying to conceive. I also have further training and experience in working with conception and pregnancy after loss. I work closely with my clients to build a true understanding of their story and what has brought them to therapy. This enables me to develop individualised treatment plans grounded in the evidence base.
As a Clinical Psychologist I offer treatment for a range of presenting difficulties including anxiety, depression and trauma. I specialise in working with parents, parents-to-be and those trying to conceive. I also have further training and experience in working with conception and pregnancy after loss. I work closely with my clients to build a true understanding of their story and what has brought them to therapy. This enables me to develop individualised treatment plans grounded in the evidence base.
01252 942467 View 01252 942467
Photo of Catherine House, Counsellor in Farnham, England
Catherine House
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Farnham GU9
We all have our reasons for considering counselling. Perhaps you want something to change, or maybe to understand certain things better. Perhaps you are simply curious. Whatever drew you to this site, my belief is that if it brought you here then it's important, and counselling offers a space to explore that, so that you can move forward in whichever way you would like. I have worked with many issues including anxiety, low mood, relationships, academic and job challenges, loss, identity - that who I am and what is life about? I am also experienced in working with being neurodivergent in a neurotypical world and menopause.
We all have our reasons for considering counselling. Perhaps you want something to change, or maybe to understand certain things better. Perhaps you are simply curious. Whatever drew you to this site, my belief is that if it brought you here then it's important, and counselling offers a space to explore that, so that you can move forward in whichever way you would like. I have worked with many issues including anxiety, low mood, relationships, academic and job challenges, loss, identity - that who I am and what is life about? I am also experienced in working with being neurodivergent in a neurotypical world and menopause.
01252 986501 View 01252 986501

See more therapy options for Farnham

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Farnham

90+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Farnham who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Self Esteem
90% Stress
88% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
77% Bereavement
73% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aviva
69% AXA PPP
62% Vitality

How Counsellors in Farnham see their clients

96% In Person and Online
4% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Farnham?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.