Counselling in Strathaven

Photo of Cheryl Smithson
Cheryl Smithson
Verified Verified
Hello, I’m Cheryl, a dedicated Play Therapist with a strong commitment to helping children navigate their worlds and process trauma through play and art. Growing up with a deep love for animals and a connection to nature, I’ve always appreciated the powerful role that creativity, care, and the natural world can play in emotional healing. My therapeutic work allows me to bring these interests together, offering children a safe and nurturing space to explore their emotions and build resilience.
Hello, I’m Cheryl, a dedicated Play Therapist with a strong commitment to helping children navigate their worlds and process trauma through play and art. Growing up with a deep love for animals and a connection to nature, I’ve always appreciated the powerful role that creativity, care, and the natural world can play in emotional healing. My therapeutic work allows me to bring these interests together, offering children a safe and nurturing space to explore their emotions and build resilience.
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Photo of Angela Williamson, Counsellor, MBACP
Angela Williamson
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Hello, and welcome. I’m a qualified integrated person-centred counsellor, and I’m passionate about offering a safe, supportive space where you can explore whatever is going on for you—without fear of judgement. I believe that each person’s journey is unique, and I work in a way that places you firmly at the heart of the process. My integrative approach means I draw on a range of therapeutic techniques, adapting to suit your individual needs, while always staying rooted in the core person-centred values of empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard.
Hello, and welcome. I’m a qualified integrated person-centred counsellor, and I’m passionate about offering a safe, supportive space where you can explore whatever is going on for you—without fear of judgement. I believe that each person’s journey is unique, and I work in a way that places you firmly at the heart of the process. My integrative approach means I draw on a range of therapeutic techniques, adapting to suit your individual needs, while always staying rooted in the core person-centred values of empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard.
01357 513059 View 01357 513059
Photo of Heather Grace Bond, Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
Heather Grace Bond
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
Online Only
You may be feeling stuck, anxious, or as though something in your life doesn’t quite fit - like you’re going through the motions, but it’s not really you. I offer a deeply respectful, compassionate space to explore what’s going on beneath the surface and what might help you reconnect with a stronger sense of self. My approach is mainly person-centred, drawing on attachment theory and Buddhist psychology where helpful. My background in mindfulness supports a calm, steady presence where you can feel genuinely heard and understood. I do work in-person with children and young people, but do that at Alaria CIC (near Strathaven).
You may be feeling stuck, anxious, or as though something in your life doesn’t quite fit - like you’re going through the motions, but it’s not really you. I offer a deeply respectful, compassionate space to explore what’s going on beneath the surface and what might help you reconnect with a stronger sense of self. My approach is mainly person-centred, drawing on attachment theory and Buddhist psychology where helpful. My background in mindfulness supports a calm, steady presence where you can feel genuinely heard and understood. I do work in-person with children and young people, but do that at Alaria CIC (near Strathaven).
01357 513023 View 01357 513023
Photo of Julie Fraser, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Julie Fraser
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Online Only
Hey! I am a Cognitive Behavior Psychotherapist. I work with clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
Hey! I am a Cognitive Behavior Psychotherapist. I work with clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
01357 513051 View 01357 513051
Photo of Dr Heather Grace Bond, Counsellor, PhD, MBACP Accred
Dr Heather Grace Bond
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP Accred
I see your child as wonderfully unique and precious, like a rare and beautiful plant that just needs the right conditions to grow and thrive. I understand how hard it can be to see them struggle with big feelings or challenges they can’t yet express. I aim to provide a warm, encouraging and nurturing space where they can explore, play, and find their way. I’ll spend time learning what your child needs to feel confident and connected. I’ll share what I learn with you, and can help advocate for your child if they're struggling with a school environment.
I see your child as wonderfully unique and precious, like a rare and beautiful plant that just needs the right conditions to grow and thrive. I understand how hard it can be to see them struggle with big feelings or challenges they can’t yet express. I aim to provide a warm, encouraging and nurturing space where they can explore, play, and find their way. I’ll spend time learning what your child needs to feel confident and connected. I’ll share what I learn with you, and can help advocate for your child if they're struggling with a school environment.
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Photo of Len Northfield, Counsellor, MBACP
Len Northfield
Counsellor, MBACP
It's OK to not be OK... Everyone struggles sometimes, and when we are struggling, one of the greatest gifts we can give ourselves is to talk to someone about our struggles. My aim is to help you. I have experienced therapy from both sides of the equation and, like you, have struggled with my own difficulties. I believe that all of us have the potential to develop and become who we are supposed to be. Sometimes it takes some digging and self exploration to reach that goal, and I offer walk alongside you as you to do this.
It's OK to not be OK... Everyone struggles sometimes, and when we are struggling, one of the greatest gifts we can give ourselves is to talk to someone about our struggles. My aim is to help you. I have experienced therapy from both sides of the equation and, like you, have struggled with my own difficulties. I believe that all of us have the potential to develop and become who we are supposed to be. Sometimes it takes some digging and self exploration to reach that goal, and I offer walk alongside you as you to do this.
01453 708524 View 01453 708524
Photo of Nicola MacGregor - New Life Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
New Life Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I would like to start by taking time to thank you for visiting my profile. I have been there, the stream of profiles can be confusing and mind boggling. If you are looking for somebody who has lived experience of feeling stuck, out of place, not knowing how to be themselves and move in a new direction, then I might just be able to help you. I will sit with you unconditionally as you make sense of your own situation and work out what is right for you, I can offer insight gained through my training experience, and help you find your own light at the end of tunnel you might find yourself in just now.
I would like to start by taking time to thank you for visiting my profile. I have been there, the stream of profiles can be confusing and mind boggling. If you are looking for somebody who has lived experience of feeling stuck, out of place, not knowing how to be themselves and move in a new direction, then I might just be able to help you. I will sit with you unconditionally as you make sense of your own situation and work out what is right for you, I can offer insight gained through my training experience, and help you find your own light at the end of tunnel you might find yourself in just now.
01355 209569 View 01355 209569
Photo of Stephen Queen, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Stephen Queen
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
As a senior accredited CBT Therapist, I have experience in the treatment of a wide range of conditions. Some of my recent work includes OCD, POCD, Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem, Phobias, Trauma, Stress, Confidence, Sex Addiction, Teenage Troubles and Emotional Deregulation. I work with children, teenagers and adults, and am happy to explore anything specific that you'd like to discuss.
As a senior accredited CBT Therapist, I have experience in the treatment of a wide range of conditions. Some of my recent work includes OCD, POCD, Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem, Phobias, Trauma, Stress, Confidence, Sex Addiction, Teenage Troubles and Emotional Deregulation. I work with children, teenagers and adults, and am happy to explore anything specific that you'd like to discuss.
01698 674511 View 01698 674511
Photo of Vicky Grove - Willow Grove Counselling, Counsellor, MA, MCOSCA
Willow Grove Counselling
Counsellor, MA, MCOSCA
Serves Area
Whatever you bring to therapy, rest assured you will be treated with warmth, compassion, dignity and respect. Our sessions will be very much determined by you and what you need. I believe that deep down you have the answers and solutions to your questions and problems. My role is to support you in finding them and trusting them. As your counsellor I offer my commitment to you and your wellbeing, providing a warm, safe and non-judgemental space. Here you will feel truly accepted for all that you are, which in turn, will enable you to accept all aspects of yourself too.
Whatever you bring to therapy, rest assured you will be treated with warmth, compassion, dignity and respect. Our sessions will be very much determined by you and what you need. I believe that deep down you have the answers and solutions to your questions and problems. My role is to support you in finding them and trusting them. As your counsellor I offer my commitment to you and your wellbeing, providing a warm, safe and non-judgemental space. Here you will feel truly accepted for all that you are, which in turn, will enable you to accept all aspects of yourself too.
01555 700788 View 01555 700788
Photo of Jade Officer, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Jade Officer
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Hello and thank you for visiting my page. I am a qualified Counsellor and Cognitive Behavioural Therapist with a deep-rooted passion and desire to help others lead a happy and fulfilled life, I believe we all deserve that. I have extensive experience in treating a wide range of conditions including Anxiety; Depression; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; Eating Disorders and Bereavement. I also have experience supporting people to develop and strengthen their social skills such as, self-esteem, confidence and assertiveness which can often lead to new opportunities and life choices.
Hello and thank you for visiting my page. I am a qualified Counsellor and Cognitive Behavioural Therapist with a deep-rooted passion and desire to help others lead a happy and fulfilled life, I believe we all deserve that. I have extensive experience in treating a wide range of conditions including Anxiety; Depression; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; Eating Disorders and Bereavement. I also have experience supporting people to develop and strengthen their social skills such as, self-esteem, confidence and assertiveness which can often lead to new opportunities and life choices.
01453 708213 View 01453 708213

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Shabnum Ashraf, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Shabnum Ashraf
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Glasgow G76
I know how daunting this first step can be. Reaching out for help from a stranger can be very nerve-wracking. However, during our time together we will build a trusting and supportive relationship, one that you may find solace in. I work with clients from all backgrounds and I offer support for adults and young people aged 11+. I support clients with a wide range of issues such as anxiety, trauma, relationship breakdowns, bereavement, self-harm, family conflict, women’s cultural issues, eating disorders and anger management. In particular, I am highly experienced in working within the south asian community.
I know how daunting this first step can be. Reaching out for help from a stranger can be very nerve-wracking. However, during our time together we will build a trusting and supportive relationship, one that you may find solace in. I work with clients from all backgrounds and I offer support for adults and young people aged 11+. I support clients with a wide range of issues such as anxiety, trauma, relationship breakdowns, bereavement, self-harm, family conflict, women’s cultural issues, eating disorders and anger management. In particular, I am highly experienced in working within the south asian community.
01355 203264 View 01355 203264
Photo of Dr Johanna Lind, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Johanna Lind
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Falkirk FK1
Hi, my name is Johanna and I am a HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with 9+ years experience working within mental health settings. My main interests lie in working with complex trauma, emotional dysregulation, low self-esteem, and stress and burnout. I am passionate about supporting people with their mental health and I am interested in hearing what brought you to where you are today. Through exploring your current difficulties that make it feel like you are stuck, we can work together to help you move forward in your life, taking into account your goals, needs, and wants for therapy.
Hi, my name is Johanna and I am a HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with 9+ years experience working within mental health settings. My main interests lie in working with complex trauma, emotional dysregulation, low self-esteem, and stress and burnout. I am passionate about supporting people with their mental health and I am interested in hearing what brought you to where you are today. Through exploring your current difficulties that make it feel like you are stuck, we can work together to help you move forward in your life, taking into account your goals, needs, and wants for therapy.
0131 381 1702 View 0131 381 1702
Photo of Linda Mclachlan, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Linda Mclachlan
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Here, you can work on whatever issues may be troubling you from anxiety and depression, to relationship problems, trauma, low self-esteem, and more. I offer highly-focused brief counselling or long-term psychotherapy, as required. I am able to provide sessions to adults and young people. I am a trained relationship counsellor and have vast experience of working with children, young people and the LGBTQ community.
Here, you can work on whatever issues may be troubling you from anxiety and depression, to relationship problems, trauma, low self-esteem, and more. I offer highly-focused brief counselling or long-term psychotherapy, as required. I am able to provide sessions to adults and young people. I am a trained relationship counsellor and have vast experience of working with children, young people and the LGBTQ community.
01387 402008 View 01387 402008
Photo of Kari Pearce Therapy, Counsellor
Kari Pearce Therapy
Counsellor
1 Endorsed
Hi I'm Kari, thanks for looking at my profile. I am a fully qualified therapist specialising in trauma as well as CBT and I am here to help you get the most out of your therapy sessions. Sometimes we need a little support in navigating day-to-day life, work or family situations. I work with a range of presenting factors including anxiety, depression and/or PTSD from previous traumas. I also offer couples counselling for various relationship issues including areas of communication, trust, separation and loss. You are always assured of a safe space free of judgement where you will be fully heard and have your experience validated.
Hi I'm Kari, thanks for looking at my profile. I am a fully qualified therapist specialising in trauma as well as CBT and I am here to help you get the most out of your therapy sessions. Sometimes we need a little support in navigating day-to-day life, work or family situations. I work with a range of presenting factors including anxiety, depression and/or PTSD from previous traumas. I also offer couples counselling for various relationship issues including areas of communication, trust, separation and loss. You are always assured of a safe space free of judgement where you will be fully heard and have your experience validated.
0141 673 3126 View 0141 673 3126
Photo of Graeme Robinson, Counsellor
Graeme Robinson
Counsellor
2 Endorsed
Grief and Bereavement Specialist........Having worked with and supported clients through bereavement and grief for many years, I have learned that grief and anxiety are inextricably linked, Grief can be a precursor to anxiety, and existing anxiety can be exacerbated by grief, leading to worries about the future or the past and overshadowing the processing of emotions related to bereavement and loss. In addition, grief can be an overwhelming journey, filled with a whirlwind of emotions that can leave you feeling lost and alone.
Grief and Bereavement Specialist........Having worked with and supported clients through bereavement and grief for many years, I have learned that grief and anxiety are inextricably linked, Grief can be a precursor to anxiety, and existing anxiety can be exacerbated by grief, leading to worries about the future or the past and overshadowing the processing of emotions related to bereavement and loss. In addition, grief can be an overwhelming journey, filled with a whirlwind of emotions that can leave you feeling lost and alone.
0141 673 3911 View 0141 673 3911
Photo of Dr Calum Rankin, Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Calum Rankin
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G76
Not accepting new clients
Are you being held back by anxieties, shame or limiting beliefs? Are memories leaving you stuck in old negative self-beliefs? Are you longing for a deeper connection with yourself? Please know you are not alone. I am here to help by providing effective & evidence-based therapies to support your mental health needs e.g. reducing anxiety, depression, self-criticism and/or effects of trauma. I can also provide space to explore identity, needs and values. My core aims are to build Wellness, Agency, Values, Engagement & Self-Compassion - (WAVES) Within to reduce distress, discover potential & inspire self-belief.
Are you being held back by anxieties, shame or limiting beliefs? Are memories leaving you stuck in old negative self-beliefs? Are you longing for a deeper connection with yourself? Please know you are not alone. I am here to help by providing effective & evidence-based therapies to support your mental health needs e.g. reducing anxiety, depression, self-criticism and/or effects of trauma. I can also provide space to explore identity, needs and values. My core aims are to build Wellness, Agency, Values, Engagement & Self-Compassion - (WAVES) Within to reduce distress, discover potential & inspire self-belief.
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Photo of Dr Adele Leithead, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Adele Leithead
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
We may all experience distress at some point in our lives. Maybe you feel that you struggle to keep on top of things; think you are 'not good enough'; struggle in relation to others; feel down; lack confidence; worry; or are stuck due to disturbing memories. Distress presents in numerous ways and how we deal with it can be dependent on our experiences. Many experiences are out of our control. If you are having difficulties with emotions, thoughts, behaviours or relationships (maybe even a combination), you may be at a point where you are thinking about change and need some help achieving this. We can explore your hopes together.
We may all experience distress at some point in our lives. Maybe you feel that you struggle to keep on top of things; think you are 'not good enough'; struggle in relation to others; feel down; lack confidence; worry; or are stuck due to disturbing memories. Distress presents in numerous ways and how we deal with it can be dependent on our experiences. Many experiences are out of our control. If you are having difficulties with emotions, thoughts, behaviours or relationships (maybe even a combination), you may be at a point where you are thinking about change and need some help achieving this. We can explore your hopes together.
01875 440623 View 01875 440623
Photo of Beth Pill, Counsellor, MBACP
Beth Pill
Counsellor, MBACP
Life can be exceptionally tough at times and having someone working alongside you as you navigate and figure out how to get un-stuck or move forward can be helpful. I provide a judgement free and confidential space to unpack life and its complexities together, either in person or online.
Life can be exceptionally tough at times and having someone working alongside you as you navigate and figure out how to get un-stuck or move forward can be helpful. I provide a judgement free and confidential space to unpack life and its complexities together, either in person or online.
01865 537830 View 01865 537830
Photo of Robyn Spice-Reid, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Robyn Spice-Reid
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Online Only
I specialise in the treatment of anxiety disorders, low mood, trauma, issues facing the LGBT+ community & sports performance. My clinical education has included studies in gender and body image, CBT theory, IFS theory, sports performance, EMDR, group therapy, the impact of trauma on the LGBTQ+ community, and trauma response. As a therapist, I look to show acceptance, genuineness, and empathy. I believe that each of us has the capacity to work through our suffering and has the potential to turn this into resilience and growth. I use a variety of different approaches including EMDR Therapy. Sessions will take place online.
I specialise in the treatment of anxiety disorders, low mood, trauma, issues facing the LGBT+ community & sports performance. My clinical education has included studies in gender and body image, CBT theory, IFS theory, sports performance, EMDR, group therapy, the impact of trauma on the LGBTQ+ community, and trauma response. As a therapist, I look to show acceptance, genuineness, and empathy. I believe that each of us has the capacity to work through our suffering and has the potential to turn this into resilience and growth. I use a variety of different approaches including EMDR Therapy. Sessions will take place online.
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Photo of Manjeet Dhokia - Manjeet Dhokia at MKD Counselling, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Manjeet Dhokia at MKD Counselling
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Online Only
I truly understand that life can be incredibly challenging at times when we are facing adversities. In therapy, we can gently explore the roots of your difficulties at your own pace. We can examine how cultural conditioning and past experiences, including any trauma that may be impacting you in the present, and how your unique life journey has shaped your thoughts and feelings. Developing self-compassion is a key part of healing, and I'll be there to support you in cultivating that kindness toward yourself. You are the expert on your own life, and I'm here to walk alongside you, offering support and guidance.
I truly understand that life can be incredibly challenging at times when we are facing adversities. In therapy, we can gently explore the roots of your difficulties at your own pace. We can examine how cultural conditioning and past experiences, including any trauma that may be impacting you in the present, and how your unique life journey has shaped your thoughts and feelings. Developing self-compassion is a key part of healing, and I'll be there to support you in cultivating that kindness toward yourself. You are the expert on your own life, and I'm here to walk alongside you, offering support and guidance.
01506 538429 View 01506 538429

See more therapy options for Strathaven

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Strathaven

10+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Strathaven who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
90% Self Esteem
80% Depression
80% Self-Harming
70% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Nuffield Health
50% Cigna and Evernorth
50% Aviva

How Counsellors in Strathaven see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Strathaven?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.