Counselling in Scottish Borders

View cities in Scottish Borders
Photo of Caitlin Buon, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Caitlin Buon
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Melrose TD6
I offer a safe and confidential space within which we might explore what is happening in any area of a person's life, how to bring meaning to a situation or to find ways to go forward. My approach is to work with each person’s unique lived experience and own way of making meaning about their life. I work in a collaborative and co-creative way that is respectful of each person’s autonomy and wisdom to know or discover what they need. It is not my role to diagnose or pathologise a person’s experience. Rather it is to to accompany the people I work alongside, with a focus on how the person experiences themselves and others.
I offer a safe and confidential space within which we might explore what is happening in any area of a person's life, how to bring meaning to a situation or to find ways to go forward. My approach is to work with each person’s unique lived experience and own way of making meaning about their life. I work in a collaborative and co-creative way that is respectful of each person’s autonomy and wisdom to know or discover what they need. It is not my role to diagnose or pathologise a person’s experience. Rather it is to to accompany the people I work alongside, with a focus on how the person experiences themselves and others.
01623 579035 View 01623 579035
Photo of Alan Wilson, Counsellor, MBACP
Alan Wilson
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
I am a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. You can only join if you are qualified. This is important to me because it means I have to work inside boundaries. I am not here to judge and I don't have an agenda. Working as a Person Centred Counsellor means that we start from where ever you are. Confidentiality and trust is at the core of our work together. In all the social interactions that we all engage in, there will always be things that we choose not to divulge. However, if you were in my Counselling space, I would be saying that anything that you disclose here will stop at the door.
I am a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. You can only join if you are qualified. This is important to me because it means I have to work inside boundaries. I am not here to judge and I don't have an agenda. Working as a Person Centred Counsellor means that we start from where ever you are. Confidentiality and trust is at the core of our work together. In all the social interactions that we all engage in, there will always be things that we choose not to divulge. However, if you were in my Counselling space, I would be saying that anything that you disclose here will stop at the door.
01427 801315 View 01427 801315
Photo of Ruth Ruthven, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Ruth Ruthven
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Peebles EH45
Space to talk and be heard can make such a difference to our wellbeing; confidential space to connect with ourselves, reflect upon our situation and work things through. I offer you a warm, accepting, welcoming space for you to talk about what you need to talk about, a place where you can feel seen and heard, space to explore aspects of your life you may be struggling with, risk and challenge appropriate to your growth, and sound, ethical working practices. I look forward to meeting you online or face-to-face in my Peebles workspace.
Space to talk and be heard can make such a difference to our wellbeing; confidential space to connect with ourselves, reflect upon our situation and work things through. I offer you a warm, accepting, welcoming space for you to talk about what you need to talk about, a place where you can feel seen and heard, space to explore aspects of your life you may be struggling with, risk and challenge appropriate to your growth, and sound, ethical working practices. I look forward to meeting you online or face-to-face in my Peebles workspace.
View
Photo of Dr Michael Wood, Counsellor, BACP
Dr Michael Wood
Counsellor, BACP
Melrose TD6
I believe that what helps us come unstuck is being in a therapeutic relationship with another person who provides care, empathy, and discretion while being a whole, honest, and personal human being. I will accompany you as we journey through what's causing you pain, anxiety, or grief, and provide you with the experience of being in a real relationship with someone who values you and, most importantly, wants to see you flourish. If you're looking for someone to tell you what to do, I'm not for you. But if you're looking for someone who'll help you to work out what's happened and how to move forward, please get in touch.
I believe that what helps us come unstuck is being in a therapeutic relationship with another person who provides care, empathy, and discretion while being a whole, honest, and personal human being. I will accompany you as we journey through what's causing you pain, anxiety, or grief, and provide you with the experience of being in a real relationship with someone who values you and, most importantly, wants to see you flourish. If you're looking for someone to tell you what to do, I'm not for you. But if you're looking for someone who'll help you to work out what's happened and how to move forward, please get in touch.
01623 701412 View 01623 701412
Photo of Bob Owtram, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Bob Owtram
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Chirnside TD11
As a BABCP Accredited CBT therapist, Bob uses his expert understanding of CBT to help clients recover as quickly as possible from a range of common mental health problems associated with anxiety and depression. CBT is recommended by NICE for treating common mental health problems. Bob is also a EMDR Europe Accredited EMDR therapist and is qualified to provide EMDR therapy for clients seeking to recover from traumatic experiences. EMDR is recommended by NICE for this purpose.
As a BABCP Accredited CBT therapist, Bob uses his expert understanding of CBT to help clients recover as quickly as possible from a range of common mental health problems associated with anxiety and depression. CBT is recommended by NICE for treating common mental health problems. Bob is also a EMDR Europe Accredited EMDR therapist and is qualified to provide EMDR therapy for clients seeking to recover from traumatic experiences. EMDR is recommended by NICE for this purpose.
01890 234752 View 01890 234752
Photo of Aleksandra Kwasnicka - Aleksandra Veleno, Counsellor, MBACP
Aleksandra Veleno
Counsellor, MBACP
Sometimes we need someone to see us so that we can clearly see ourselves. I believe that change happens when we are given space to be truly seen and accepted. This is when we can reach into our own resources and find solutions that work for us. Everyone is different, bringing with them unique struggles, desires and expectations. That's why my approach is flexible and adapted to you as an individual. Together, we collaborate to find a way that suits you the most.
Sometimes we need someone to see us so that we can clearly see ourselves. I believe that change happens when we are given space to be truly seen and accepted. This is when we can reach into our own resources and find solutions that work for us. Everyone is different, bringing with them unique struggles, desires and expectations. That's why my approach is flexible and adapted to you as an individual. Together, we collaborate to find a way that suits you the most.
01427 801096 View 01427 801096
Photo of Vanessa Blackmore, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Vanessa Blackmore
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
My approach is relational, respectful, and collaborative. I offer a confidential space where you can explore what no longer serves you — whether it’s chronic anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, relationship struggles, or a general sense of feeling stuck. Together, we can work to uncover and understand the patterns that hold you back, and open up new ways of being, relating, and living.
My approach is relational, respectful, and collaborative. I offer a confidential space where you can explore what no longer serves you — whether it’s chronic anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, relationship struggles, or a general sense of feeling stuck. Together, we can work to uncover and understand the patterns that hold you back, and open up new ways of being, relating, and living.
View
Photo of Mark Oakshott, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Mark Oakshott
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Kelso TD5
As a person-centred therapist I don’t see clients as a collection of symptoms, traumas and anxieties, nor do I see myself as having ‘all the answers’. Instead I believe my clients already hold these keys, but they can be lost, confused or alone. It is my job to work alongside them as another human being who deeply listens and cares. I came to counselling through my own struggles in life and I know how important it is to really connect with the person you’re sharing your journey with. My work with clients avoids judgment and shame; instead I seek to provide a warm and supportive space for us to sit alongside each other.
As a person-centred therapist I don’t see clients as a collection of symptoms, traumas and anxieties, nor do I see myself as having ‘all the answers’. Instead I believe my clients already hold these keys, but they can be lost, confused or alone. It is my job to work alongside them as another human being who deeply listens and cares. I came to counselling through my own struggles in life and I know how important it is to really connect with the person you’re sharing your journey with. My work with clients avoids judgment and shame; instead I seek to provide a warm and supportive space for us to sit alongside each other.
01896 800626 View 01896 800626
Photo of Lesley Inglis - Lesley Inglis Supervisor, Psychotherapist, COSRT Accred
Lesley Inglis Supervisor
Psychotherapist, COSRT Accred
Online Only
Hello, I am a widely experienced, Psychosexual Therapist/Supervisor. If you want to understand yourself better,/change unwanted behaviours to 'feel' better I would be delighted to receive an EMAIL from you. I work with common & also unusual Sex & Relationship difficulties & Mental health conditions . I assess you, help you identify goals & I review how you think our work is progressing. I explain the rational for my exploration & focus of the tasks I ask you to practice. I work collaboratively with you-as a team to reach your goals. Clients say this is a good way to work. I often see the funny side of life, when appropriate :-)
Hello, I am a widely experienced, Psychosexual Therapist/Supervisor. If you want to understand yourself better,/change unwanted behaviours to 'feel' better I would be delighted to receive an EMAIL from you. I work with common & also unusual Sex & Relationship difficulties & Mental health conditions . I assess you, help you identify goals & I review how you think our work is progressing. I explain the rational for my exploration & focus of the tasks I ask you to practice. I work collaboratively with you-as a team to reach your goals. Clients say this is a good way to work. I often see the funny side of life, when appropriate :-)
01573 400476 View 01573 400476
Photo of Susanne Elisabetha Pugh, Counsellor, BACP
Susanne Elisabetha Pugh
Counsellor, BACP
Hello, I am Susanne and welcome to my profile, thank you for stopping by. I congratulate you on taking the first step to reaching out, whatever you are going through or experiencing at this time, you don’t have to go through it alone. I am an integrative Counsellor, with a grounding in Transactional Analysis. I offer you a safe empathic, confidential space where there is no judgement, just bring yourself. Sometimes life experiences can leave us feeling alone and vulnerable, we can work together to manage these difficulties.
Hello, I am Susanne and welcome to my profile, thank you for stopping by. I congratulate you on taking the first step to reaching out, whatever you are going through or experiencing at this time, you don’t have to go through it alone. I am an integrative Counsellor, with a grounding in Transactional Analysis. I offer you a safe empathic, confidential space where there is no judgement, just bring yourself. Sometimes life experiences can leave us feeling alone and vulnerable, we can work together to manage these difficulties.
01427 808054 View 01427 808054
Photo of Amanda Jane Aimable-Erskine, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Amanda Jane Aimable-Erskine
Psychotherapist, MBACP
As human beings we can find ourselves in dark and frightening places within ourselves. This happens for so many reasons and sometimes we need some help to find our inner strength, self-belief and inate resilience in the face of lifes challenges. My core psychotherapy training is in the Person-Centred approach, and I integrate creativity and expressive arts such as Sandplay to support people to explore their trauma and/or difficulties in gentle and supportive ways. Working creatively is especially helpful for people who experience being in relationship difficult and/or find it difficult to talk.
As human beings we can find ourselves in dark and frightening places within ourselves. This happens for so many reasons and sometimes we need some help to find our inner strength, self-belief and inate resilience in the face of lifes challenges. My core psychotherapy training is in the Person-Centred approach, and I integrate creativity and expressive arts such as Sandplay to support people to explore their trauma and/or difficulties in gentle and supportive ways. Working creatively is especially helpful for people who experience being in relationship difficult and/or find it difficult to talk.
01896 809181 View 01896 809181
Photo of Ellen Roberts, Counsellor, BACP
Ellen Roberts
Counsellor, BACP
Burnmouth TD14
Welcome and thank you for taking time to find out more about me and my work. I appreciate you considering me as your therapist. I offer face to face and/or online support. I provide a safe and supportive space for you to explore and understand your issues with an end goal of acceptance and the ability to move forward. I strongly believe in empowering my clients with the skills needed to achieve meaningful, lasting changes. My sessions are judgment-free and structured in a relaxed professional manner.
Welcome and thank you for taking time to find out more about me and my work. I appreciate you considering me as your therapist. I offer face to face and/or online support. I provide a safe and supportive space for you to explore and understand your issues with an end goal of acceptance and the ability to move forward. I strongly believe in empowering my clients with the skills needed to achieve meaningful, lasting changes. My sessions are judgment-free and structured in a relaxed professional manner.
01890 234736 View 01890 234736
Photo of Liezl Laidlaw, Counsellor, MBACP
Liezl Laidlaw
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
Are you an ADHDer or do you suspect you might be? Perhaps you're getting to grips with life after a diagnosis or new self awareness of your neurotype. How are you negotiating a world that is not set up for ADHD-ers? Perhaps you're feeling 'less than' others and left behind as those around you forge ahead in their careers, studies and relationships. Maybe you're losing sleep, coping in unhelpful or addictive ways, or perhaps you just wish you could stop the busyness in your brain. Are your relationships at home, work and with friends feeling strained? Let's change the features of your past into structure for the future.
Are you an ADHDer or do you suspect you might be? Perhaps you're getting to grips with life after a diagnosis or new self awareness of your neurotype. How are you negotiating a world that is not set up for ADHD-ers? Perhaps you're feeling 'less than' others and left behind as those around you forge ahead in their careers, studies and relationships. Maybe you're losing sleep, coping in unhelpful or addictive ways, or perhaps you just wish you could stop the busyness in your brain. Are your relationships at home, work and with friends feeling strained? Let's change the features of your past into structure for the future.
01835 340145 View 01835 340145
Photo of Eva Chmelikova, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Eva Chmelikova
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Kelso TD5
Are you seeking a place where you can truly be heard? I offer psychotherapeutic counselling in a supportive, non-judgmental environment where your voice is valued. My practice primarily focuses on individuals who are facing significant life changes - feeling overwhelmed, stuck or just unsure where to start. I work often with adults who’ve been carrying a lot for too long—grief, anxiety, burnout. I know how heavy that can be. Many of the clients I work with are at some sort of crossroads, searching for their next steps after enduring trauma, loss, long-term stress, illness or life transitions, often searching clarity and support.
Are you seeking a place where you can truly be heard? I offer psychotherapeutic counselling in a supportive, non-judgmental environment where your voice is valued. My practice primarily focuses on individuals who are facing significant life changes - feeling overwhelmed, stuck or just unsure where to start. I work often with adults who’ve been carrying a lot for too long—grief, anxiety, burnout. I know how heavy that can be. Many of the clients I work with are at some sort of crossroads, searching for their next steps after enduring trauma, loss, long-term stress, illness or life transitions, often searching clarity and support.
0131 381 8441 View 0131 381 8441
Photo of Marie Finlay, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Marie Finlay
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
Lauder TD2
Are you a parent concerned about your child’s happiness, anxiety, or well-being? I’m here to help. With 30+ years’ experience, including as a CBT therapist, I support young people to manage anxiety and take back control. Avoidant behaviours like school struggles, social withdrawal, or screen overuse often mask deeper emotional distress. I use a compassionate, practical approach to build resilience, boost confidence, and support lasting, meaningful change.
Are you a parent concerned about your child’s happiness, anxiety, or well-being? I’m here to help. With 30+ years’ experience, including as a CBT therapist, I support young people to manage anxiety and take back control. Avoidant behaviours like school struggles, social withdrawal, or screen overuse often mask deeper emotional distress. I use a compassionate, practical approach to build resilience, boost confidence, and support lasting, meaningful change.
01578 517323 View 01578 517323
Photo of Dr Chrissie Wanner, Counsellor, PhD, MNCPS Acc.
Dr Chrissie Wanner
Counsellor, PhD, MNCPS Acc.
Stow TD1
Free initial online consultation to discuss your needs and how we might work together. I offer safe, steady, calm, warm, and non-judgemental support to work through current or past difficulties that might feel too big or complex to face alone. I'm happy to work with individuals from all backgrounds and walks of life, either online or in person. I'm also happy to work flexibly around childcare and/or work commitments.
Free initial online consultation to discuss your needs and how we might work together. I offer safe, steady, calm, warm, and non-judgemental support to work through current or past difficulties that might feel too big or complex to face alone. I'm happy to work with individuals from all backgrounds and walks of life, either online or in person. I'm also happy to work flexibly around childcare and/or work commitments.
01578 517317 View 01578 517317
Photo of Rhiannon King - Dr Rhiannon King Couples & Relationship Therapy, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Rhiannon King Couples & Relationship Therapy
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Online Only
Your relationship matters! Are you struggling with relationship, marital or family issues? Are you wanting to improve or enhance your relationship? Perhaps you’re both at a crossroads where your future as a couple seems uncertain? Maybe you’re considering separating or divorce? Are you feeling hurt, disconnected, stuck, anxious, frustrated, angry, lonely, misunderstood, overwhelmed, sad or scared? Are you struggling to communicate, connect, manage conflicts or difficult emotions, heal from loss of trust or an infidelity, establish or maintain healthy boundaries, manage family issues or adapt to change, life events or transitions?
Your relationship matters! Are you struggling with relationship, marital or family issues? Are you wanting to improve or enhance your relationship? Perhaps you’re both at a crossroads where your future as a couple seems uncertain? Maybe you’re considering separating or divorce? Are you feeling hurt, disconnected, stuck, anxious, frustrated, angry, lonely, misunderstood, overwhelmed, sad or scared? Are you struggling to communicate, connect, manage conflicts or difficult emotions, heal from loss of trust or an infidelity, establish or maintain healthy boundaries, manage family issues or adapt to change, life events or transitions?
0131 381 8066 View 0131 381 8066
Photo of Kate Hedges, Counsellor, MBACP
Kate Hedges
Counsellor, MBACP
Peebles EH45
Counselling is your confidential space to talk. You may be seeking clarity on an issue, or want to explore things that are overwhelming you, and if you wish, make changes in your life. I hope that by talking to a professional during these difficult times can bring peace. I offer a safe space as we unravel together the aspects of you that are struggling or stuck. And help you to find new perspectives to deal with living the way that you want to live.
Counselling is your confidential space to talk. You may be seeking clarity on an issue, or want to explore things that are overwhelming you, and if you wish, make changes in your life. I hope that by talking to a professional during these difficult times can bring peace. I offer a safe space as we unravel together the aspects of you that are struggling or stuck. And help you to find new perspectives to deal with living the way that you want to live.
01764 915672 View 01764 915672
Photo of Doreen Morici, MSc
Doreen Morici
Verified Verified
Peebles EH45
Therapy is a an act of self-care--giving yourself permission to receive, to be heard, to learn healthy & adaptive ways to be in relationship to self and others. Helping identify and transmute beliefs that no longer serve, from "I'm not good enough" to "I am worthy"; moving from fear to love & acceptance. Offering a wholistic, integrative, and person-centered approach to wellness and empowerment while supporting you to feel and understand your emotions, regulate the nervous system, hold boundaries, explore spirituality, and connect to your authentic self--moving out of your head and grounding into your heart and body.
Therapy is a an act of self-care--giving yourself permission to receive, to be heard, to learn healthy & adaptive ways to be in relationship to self and others. Helping identify and transmute beliefs that no longer serve, from "I'm not good enough" to "I am worthy"; moving from fear to love & acceptance. Offering a wholistic, integrative, and person-centered approach to wellness and empowerment while supporting you to feel and understand your emotions, regulate the nervous system, hold boundaries, explore spirituality, and connect to your authentic self--moving out of your head and grounding into your heart and body.
0131 381 0296 View 0131 381 0296
Photo of Alex Kennedy, Psychotherapist
Alex Kennedy
Psychotherapist
Serves Area
The therapy we offer is person centred, highly effective and beneficial for a wide variety of personal, mental and emotional difficulties. There are many reasons why you might have found yourself looking for help with your mental and emotional wellbeing. Life is full of challenges and difficulties, many of us find ourselves struggling at one point or another, but the good news is you don't need to continue to struggle on alone. Our priorities are for you to feel better, to take back control, learn new coping skills, regain lost confidence and begin to thrive.
The therapy we offer is person centred, highly effective and beneficial for a wide variety of personal, mental and emotional difficulties. There are many reasons why you might have found yourself looking for help with your mental and emotional wellbeing. Life is full of challenges and difficulties, many of us find ourselves struggling at one point or another, but the good news is you don't need to continue to struggle on alone. Our priorities are for you to feel better, to take back control, learn new coping skills, regain lost confidence and begin to thrive.
01750 702983 View 01750 702983

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Scottish Borders

30+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Scottish Borders who prioritize treating:

85% Anxiety
79% Trauma and PTSD
74% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
72% Stress
62% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Bupa
60% Aviva
60% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in Scottish Borders see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
24% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Scottish Borders?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.