Counselling in Prestwick

Photo of Jim Wood - Jim's CBT Services, Counsellor
I am here primarily to listen to my clients, then we work together as a team to help them realize their goals. At the end of therapy I want my clients to become their own therapists by continuing to use CBT tools that we have used in session.
I am here primarily to listen to my clients, then we work together as a team to help them realize their goals. At the end of therapy I want my clients to become their own therapists by continuing to use CBT tools that we have used in session.
01292 435998 View 01292 435998
Photo of Dr Lynne Cochrane, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Health Psych.
Dr Lynne Cochrane
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Health Psych.
Online Only
Are you feeling the pressure of additional stress due to relationship difficulties, work pressures or other challenging circumstances? Do you think you might be living with neurodiversity, or have you been diagnosed with ADHD or ASD? Are you struggling with difficulties such as planning and organisation, procrastination or impulsivity? Are you experiencing a difficult life transition such as menopause or adjusting to a long-term health condition and struggling with physical and mental health symptoms? Has this life change led you to feel you've lost control over your body and mind, and you're no longer enjoying a fulfilling life?
Are you feeling the pressure of additional stress due to relationship difficulties, work pressures or other challenging circumstances? Do you think you might be living with neurodiversity, or have you been diagnosed with ADHD or ASD? Are you struggling with difficulties such as planning and organisation, procrastination or impulsivity? Are you experiencing a difficult life transition such as menopause or adjusting to a long-term health condition and struggling with physical and mental health symptoms? Has this life change led you to feel you've lost control over your body and mind, and you're no longer enjoying a fulfilling life?
01292 430662 View 01292 430662
Photo of Shirley Macmillan
Shirley Macmillan
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist based in Ayrshire. I work predominantly with a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach, but also draw on other therapeutic approaches to provide a more integrative and tailored therapy for you. There are times when we all experience situations that cause distress or uncertainty and it can be difficult to move past these events or to speak to those close to us.
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist based in Ayrshire. I work predominantly with a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach, but also draw on other therapeutic approaches to provide a more integrative and tailored therapy for you. There are times when we all experience situations that cause distress or uncertainty and it can be difficult to move past these events or to speak to those close to us.
01292 439650 View 01292 439650
Photo of Laura Elizabeth Chidwick - Sisu Therapy, Psychotherapist
Sisu Therapy
Psychotherapist
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Do you need someone to truly listen? Meet you with warmth and compassion? Finding ease often begins with feeling safe enough to share what’s really going on. In our sessions, you’ll find a calm, supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and patterns at your own pace. I’ll help you develop practical tools to manage difficult emotions, reduce anxiety, and build healthier ways of thinking and coping. My goal is to help you feel more in control, more hopeful, and more at ease in your everyday life — one gentle step at a time.
Do you need someone to truly listen? Meet you with warmth and compassion? Finding ease often begins with feeling safe enough to share what’s really going on. In our sessions, you’ll find a calm, supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and patterns at your own pace. I’ll help you develop practical tools to manage difficult emotions, reduce anxiety, and build healthier ways of thinking and coping. My goal is to help you feel more in control, more hopeful, and more at ease in your everyday life — one gentle step at a time.
01292 433186 View 01292 433186
Photo of Vicky Paterson, Counsellor, BACP
Vicky Paterson
Counsellor, BACP
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
At various points in our lives, we all encounter moments of feeling stuck, overwhelmed, directionless, or adrift. When life becomes too much to handle, finding a way forward can seem daunting. You might have resigned yourself to thinking, "This is just how things are now," but the good news is that it doesn't have to be that way, and I'm here to assist you. I am a qualified cognitive behavioural therapist. I provide a confidential and non-judgmental environment where I assist you in addressing and overcoming any challenges, fears, or difficulties that may be causing distress and negatively impacting your overall wellbeing. I'm here
At various points in our lives, we all encounter moments of feeling stuck, overwhelmed, directionless, or adrift. When life becomes too much to handle, finding a way forward can seem daunting. You might have resigned yourself to thinking, "This is just how things are now," but the good news is that it doesn't have to be that way, and I'm here to assist you. I am a qualified cognitive behavioural therapist. I provide a confidential and non-judgmental environment where I assist you in addressing and overcoming any challenges, fears, or difficulties that may be causing distress and negatively impacting your overall wellbeing. I'm here
07947 819647 View 07947 819647
Photo of Lorna Lindsay - In Session Psychotherapy, Counsellor, MBACP
In Session Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Hi, My name is Lorna Lindsay and I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. I am also a registered member of BACP. And I work in accordance with their ethical framework. I am available for face to face, online or telephone consultations and therapy sessions. It is important to keep your mental health as healthy as your physical health. If you feel you would like someone to talk to about any problems pertaining to your mental health, please get in touch and we can work together to find a solution.
Hi, My name is Lorna Lindsay and I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. I am also a registered member of BACP. And I work in accordance with their ethical framework. I am available for face to face, online or telephone consultations and therapy sessions. It is important to keep your mental health as healthy as your physical health. If you feel you would like someone to talk to about any problems pertaining to your mental health, please get in touch and we can work together to find a solution.
01505 801580 View 01505 801580
Photo of Nicola Hill, Counsellor, MBACP
Nicola Hill
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
My name is Nicola and I am an integrative counsellor registered with the BACP. I believe everyone is unique and so is their path to healing. My approach blends a range of therapeutic techniques, drawing from CBT, Psychodynamic, Humanistic and Mindfulness Based Practices. This flexibility allows me to tailor sessions to your specific needs. I create a warm, supportive space where we can explore your thoughts, emotions and experiences at a pace that feels right for you. Let’s work together to create meaningful and lasting change.
My name is Nicola and I am an integrative counsellor registered with the BACP. I believe everyone is unique and so is their path to healing. My approach blends a range of therapeutic techniques, drawing from CBT, Psychodynamic, Humanistic and Mindfulness Based Practices. This flexibility allows me to tailor sessions to your specific needs. I create a warm, supportive space where we can explore your thoughts, emotions and experiences at a pace that feels right for you. Let’s work together to create meaningful and lasting change.
01560 337684 View 01560 337684

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Gerry Quinn - GMQ Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
GMQ Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Glasgow G74
Face to Face, Online and Telephone Counselling to fit around your availability. Individual counselling sessions: Standard fee for the first session is £25 then £55 per hour thereafter (concessionary rates negotiable). I also offer a free initial telephone consultation which lasts around 15 minutes to find out more about you and to assess what is best for you and your availability.
Face to Face, Online and Telephone Counselling to fit around your availability. Individual counselling sessions: Standard fee for the first session is £25 then £55 per hour thereafter (concessionary rates negotiable). I also offer a free initial telephone consultation which lasts around 15 minutes to find out more about you and to assess what is best for you and your availability.
01355 201352 View 01355 201352
Photo of Janet Cameron, Counsellor, MBACP
Janet Cameron
Counsellor, MBACP
Renfrew PA4
Hello I am Janet and I am an Integrative Therapist. If you have found your way to my page i imagine you are possibly feeling a little overwhelmed so i will tell you about my practice and what i offer. I provide a safe space to feel seen and heard and offer unconditional positive regard. Our work together will help you to access your own inner resources to empower you to have a better understanding and awareness of why you may currently feel stuck, identify where you ideally would like to be and how i can help you get there to allow you to lead a more fulfilling life and reach your full potential.
Hello I am Janet and I am an Integrative Therapist. If you have found your way to my page i imagine you are possibly feeling a little overwhelmed so i will tell you about my practice and what i offer. I provide a safe space to feel seen and heard and offer unconditional positive regard. Our work together will help you to access your own inner resources to empower you to have a better understanding and awareness of why you may currently feel stuck, identify where you ideally would like to be and how i can help you get there to allow you to lead a more fulfilling life and reach your full potential.
0141 673 3171 View 0141 673 3171
Photo of Cheryl Venart Lindsey Burns - Neurodivergent Diagnostics, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Health Psych.
Neurodivergent Diagnostics
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Health Psych.
2 Endorsed
Are you looking for an adult ADHD assessment or Autism assessment in Glasgow or the UK? We are a team of HCPC registered and BPS Chartered Practitioner Psychologists experienced in neurodivergence. We have expertise in providing recommendations for the workplace, and in educational contexts. We provide ADHD assessments for young people and adults (16 years old+), and provide therapy and coaching for adults. We also will be providing Autism assessments in 2025. Our team have years of personal and professional experience in neurodiversity, therefore we are incredibly passionate about providing neuroaffirmative support.
Are you looking for an adult ADHD assessment or Autism assessment in Glasgow or the UK? We are a team of HCPC registered and BPS Chartered Practitioner Psychologists experienced in neurodivergence. We have expertise in providing recommendations for the workplace, and in educational contexts. We provide ADHD assessments for young people and adults (16 years old+), and provide therapy and coaching for adults. We also will be providing Autism assessments in 2025. Our team have years of personal and professional experience in neurodiversity, therefore we are incredibly passionate about providing neuroaffirmative support.
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Photo of Beth Gribben, Psychotherapist, MSc
Beth Gribben
Psychotherapist, MSc
Serves Area
If you’re looking at my profile, it is likely that you, or someone you know, are experiencing difficulties that are impacting everyday life. Whether this difficulty is anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, stress, OCD, a phobia or something else, beginning to look for help is a huge step that (since you’re here) you’ve managed to take. This may be because your difficulties are impacting your ability to socialise, work, or form and maintain relationships and you’d like to see change. Alternatively, you could be searching for a safe and non-judgemental space to explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
If you’re looking at my profile, it is likely that you, or someone you know, are experiencing difficulties that are impacting everyday life. Whether this difficulty is anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, stress, OCD, a phobia or something else, beginning to look for help is a huge step that (since you’re here) you’ve managed to take. This may be because your difficulties are impacting your ability to socialise, work, or form and maintain relationships and you’d like to see change. Alternatively, you could be searching for a safe and non-judgemental space to explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
01236 918747 View 01236 918747
Photo of Jacquie Lyons, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Jacquie Lyons
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
The clients I work with come from all walks of life, my experience both personally and professionally has taught me that as humans we are pretty skilled at waging quiet wars within ourselves. People pleasing, sound familiar? The tendency to shy away from assertive communication/exerting ones boundaries? What potentially happens as result when we are too afraid to implement the aforementioned? We harbour internal resentments, thereby impeding our own growth & authenticity. These issues essentially bleed into all corners of our lives. The unmentionable is the unmanageable but we can, if we so wish, learn new ways.
The clients I work with come from all walks of life, my experience both personally and professionally has taught me that as humans we are pretty skilled at waging quiet wars within ourselves. People pleasing, sound familiar? The tendency to shy away from assertive communication/exerting ones boundaries? What potentially happens as result when we are too afraid to implement the aforementioned? We harbour internal resentments, thereby impeding our own growth & authenticity. These issues essentially bleed into all corners of our lives. The unmentionable is the unmanageable but we can, if we so wish, learn new ways.
0141 673 6438 View 0141 673 6438
Photo of Salvatore Andrea Caci, Counsellor, MCOSCA
Salvatore Andrea Caci
Counsellor, MCOSCA
Online Only
What happened to us, doesn't have to define us. The narrative of our issues can be transformed in something different. A healing story that can give you empowerment and freedom. We can feel angry, anxious, frozen, stuck but we may not always know why. You may look for happiness or you feel you are lost. Or perhaps, you still don't know what's missing. Regardless, I understand it's important for you to know how to cope and what really matters to you. Finding and challenging your personal story, may give you the answers you are looking for. I can help with that!
What happened to us, doesn't have to define us. The narrative of our issues can be transformed in something different. A healing story that can give you empowerment and freedom. We can feel angry, anxious, frozen, stuck but we may not always know why. You may look for happiness or you feel you are lost. Or perhaps, you still don't know what's missing. Regardless, I understand it's important for you to know how to cope and what really matters to you. Finding and challenging your personal story, may give you the answers you are looking for. I can help with that!
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Photo of Jackie Hay, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Jackie Hay
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Online Only
I am a compassionate and experienced therapist specialising in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). With a deep commitment to mental well-being, I provide a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences to foster healing and personal growth. I believe in a tailored, evidence-based approach to therapy, recognising that each individual has unique experiences and needs. My practice integrates CBT, EMDR and various other techniques to help clients overcome challenges.
I am a compassionate and experienced therapist specialising in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). With a deep commitment to mental well-being, I provide a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences to foster healing and personal growth. I believe in a tailored, evidence-based approach to therapy, recognising that each individual has unique experiences and needs. My practice integrates CBT, EMDR and various other techniques to help clients overcome challenges.
01698 757096 View 01698 757096
Photo of Paul Donald McNicol - Paul McNicol Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Paul McNicol Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel helpless, alone or misunderstood? Therapy can be an experience that will help you to gain an understanding of where you are in your life and bring about lasting change. As an attachment-based psychodynamic counsellor, I am trained to help you identify the patterns you may not realise you are repeating and hopefully help you claim a sense of control.
Do you feel helpless, alone or misunderstood? Therapy can be an experience that will help you to gain an understanding of where you are in your life and bring about lasting change. As an attachment-based psychodynamic counsellor, I am trained to help you identify the patterns you may not realise you are repeating and hopefully help you claim a sense of control.
0141 673 7778 View 0141 673 7778
Photo of Christophe Jouanneau, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Christophe Jouanneau
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Serves Area
Hello there, my name is Christophe and I'm a qualified person centred, Emotion Focused therapist (EFT) with extra qualifications in EMDR. I provide a safe, non-judgmental environment so you will be free to express yourself in a way you can't elsewhere. It's all too common for us to get stuck in our emotions left over from something in the past. I'll help you pay closer attention to your emotions as they're experienced in session, in order to gain insight into unhelpful emotional learnings and to experience growth through safely because our emotions can help us identify your needs in life, giving you the motivation to move forward
Hello there, my name is Christophe and I'm a qualified person centred, Emotion Focused therapist (EFT) with extra qualifications in EMDR. I provide a safe, non-judgmental environment so you will be free to express yourself in a way you can't elsewhere. It's all too common for us to get stuck in our emotions left over from something in the past. I'll help you pay closer attention to your emotions as they're experienced in session, in order to gain insight into unhelpful emotional learnings and to experience growth through safely because our emotions can help us identify your needs in life, giving you the motivation to move forward
0114 697 1751 View 0114 697 1751
Photo of Dr David Cunningham, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr David Cunningham
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
I’m Dr David Cunningham, a Chartered Counselling Psychologist. My focus is on creating a safe, understanding space where we can explore what’s happening for you and find ways forward that feel right. I offer support for people experiencing a wide range of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, OCD, addiction, and chronic pain. I also provide neurodiversity-affirming assessments and support for ADHD and related attention or executive functioning differences, as well as gender identity and recognition support. You can meet with me online, wherever you are in Scotland or beyond, or in person in Inverness and Fife.
I’m Dr David Cunningham, a Chartered Counselling Psychologist. My focus is on creating a safe, understanding space where we can explore what’s happening for you and find ways forward that feel right. I offer support for people experiencing a wide range of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, OCD, addiction, and chronic pain. I also provide neurodiversity-affirming assessments and support for ADHD and related attention or executive functioning differences, as well as gender identity and recognition support. You can meet with me online, wherever you are in Scotland or beyond, or in person in Inverness and Fife.
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Photo of Stefan Credidio - SC Holistic Counselling / Stefan Credidio, Counsellor, MSc, BACP
SC Holistic Counselling / Stefan Credidio
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Online Only
Have you ever felt unseen or misunderstood in traditional therapy spaces? Do you long for a therapist who truly gets you—your identity, your relationships, your experiences? Whether you’re navigating neurodivergence, kink,exploring non-traditional relationships, healing from trauma,or reconnecting with pleasure and intimacy, you deserve a space where you don’t have to explain or justify yourself—just be. And if you’re an artist, musician,or creative soul struggling with mental health, I know the pressures, burnout,and the deep emotional currents that come with your world. You don’t have to navigate it alone. I'm also a DJ myself.
Have you ever felt unseen or misunderstood in traditional therapy spaces? Do you long for a therapist who truly gets you—your identity, your relationships, your experiences? Whether you’re navigating neurodivergence, kink,exploring non-traditional relationships, healing from trauma,or reconnecting with pleasure and intimacy, you deserve a space where you don’t have to explain or justify yourself—just be. And if you’re an artist, musician,or creative soul struggling with mental health, I know the pressures, burnout,and the deep emotional currents that come with your world. You don’t have to navigate it alone. I'm also a DJ myself.
0141 673 9620 View 0141 673 9620
Photo of Mark Rae - mettatherapy, Counsellor, MCOSCA
mettatherapy
Counsellor, MCOSCA
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an Integrative Therapist with over 20+ years of practice experience, qualifying in 2002. I have continually added to my professional training and qualifications throughout my career. In addition to 'in person' and 'online' Integrative Therapy, I also provide Clinical Hypnosis as well as Outdoor Therapy. There is no additional cost to combine Integrative Therapy with Clinical Hypnosis. Clients are free to select stand-alone therapeutic services; and/or to combine them. It is always led by client choice. Over the years, I've noticed therapy is most effective with clients willing to work between sessions as well as in sessions.
I am an Integrative Therapist with over 20+ years of practice experience, qualifying in 2002. I have continually added to my professional training and qualifications throughout my career. In addition to 'in person' and 'online' Integrative Therapy, I also provide Clinical Hypnosis as well as Outdoor Therapy. There is no additional cost to combine Integrative Therapy with Clinical Hypnosis. Clients are free to select stand-alone therapeutic services; and/or to combine them. It is always led by client choice. Over the years, I've noticed therapy is most effective with clients willing to work between sessions as well as in sessions.
01324 461772 View 01324 461772
Photo of Kate Somerville, Psychotherapist, BACP
Kate Somerville
Psychotherapist, BACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an experienced Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and Counsellor qualified to work with adults, young people and children. The heart of my approach is to form positive relationships with my clients, based on trust and understanding. I work face to face in comfortable rooms and work collaboratively with clients, adapting my approach depending on individual needs. I have worked as a school counsellor in both primary and secondary settings and can work creatively with children. I am experienced in working with anxiety disorders, OCD, depression, trauma, emotional outbursts, anger and neurodiversity.
I am an experienced Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and Counsellor qualified to work with adults, young people and children. The heart of my approach is to form positive relationships with my clients, based on trust and understanding. I work face to face in comfortable rooms and work collaboratively with clients, adapting my approach depending on individual needs. I have worked as a school counsellor in both primary and secondary settings and can work creatively with children. I am experienced in working with anxiety disorders, OCD, depression, trauma, emotional outbursts, anger and neurodiversity.
0141 465 5794 View 0141 465 5794

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Prestwick

< 10

Counsellors in Prestwick who prioritize treating:

86% Self Esteem
71% Depression
71% Anxiety
71% Coping Skills
71% Stress
57% Relationship Issues
57% Bereavement

Average years in practice

5 Years

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male

How Counsellors in Prestwick see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Prestwick?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.