Counselling in North Berwick

Lynn Artesse
Counsellor, MBACP
Individual & Couples Counselling & Clinical Supervision. “Life doesn’t get better by chance, it gets better by change”. At times we can all feel anxious or uncertain of our future. Sometimes we need to make changes in order to improve our situation. However, the prospect of change can feel overwhelming, leaving us feeling disconnected, isolated and lonely. Hearing your thoughts out loud, with a professional, can be an opportunity to gain some clarity and begin the process of change. I truly believe that a small change in the way we think can make a big difference to the way we feel.
Individual & Couples Counselling & Clinical Supervision. “Life doesn’t get better by chance, it gets better by change”. At times we can all feel anxious or uncertain of our future. Sometimes we need to make changes in order to improve our situation. However, the prospect of change can feel overwhelming, leaving us feeling disconnected, isolated and lonely. Hearing your thoughts out loud, with a professional, can be an opportunity to gain some clarity and begin the process of change. I truly believe that a small change in the way we think can make a big difference to the way we feel.
01620 674282 View 01620 674282
Sarah Louise Anderson
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Life can feel overwhelming at times, and it’s not always easy to understand why. You might be navigating difficult emotions, facing changes, or feeling weighed down by experiences that are hard to put into words. If you’re feeling stuck, anxious, isolated, or unsure of how to move forward, you don’t have to face it alone.
Life can feel overwhelming at times, and it’s not always easy to understand why. You might be navigating difficult emotions, facing changes, or feeling weighed down by experiences that are hard to put into words. If you’re feeling stuck, anxious, isolated, or unsure of how to move forward, you don’t have to face it alone.
01875 444642 x44 View 01875 444642 x44
Jo Thomson
Counsellor, MBACP
I am a person-centred and psychodynamic counsellor working both in person and online. Because we are all unique in the reasons we seek help - be it a desire to look at the past hurts, understand where we are now or make a plan for our future - I tailor my approach to the needs of each client and work with them to build a unique relationship which can help bring about the change they are seeking. The one constant I bring is that I strive to be honest, empathetic and non-judgemental. Whatever you are looking for from counselling, I will aim to be alongside you as you explore, at your own pace, the issues which cause you distress
I am a person-centred and psychodynamic counsellor working both in person and online. Because we are all unique in the reasons we seek help - be it a desire to look at the past hurts, understand where we are now or make a plan for our future - I tailor my approach to the needs of each client and work with them to build a unique relationship which can help bring about the change they are seeking. The one constant I bring is that I strive to be honest, empathetic and non-judgemental. Whatever you are looking for from counselling, I will aim to be alongside you as you explore, at your own pace, the issues which cause you distress
01620 678805 View 01620 678805
Rebecca Muller
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m so glad you’ve found your way here. Choosing to prioritise your wellbeing is a brave step. Maybe something traumatic has happened and, no matter how hard you try, you can’t move past it. You may feel stuck, unsafe, or like you’ve lost the version of yourself you once knew. Perhaps you blame yourself or feel “not good enough.” These thoughts can feel isolating, but they’re common responses to trauma—not reflections of your worth. Therapy offers a safe space to explore these feelings and begin moving toward healing.
I’m so glad you’ve found your way here. Choosing to prioritise your wellbeing is a brave step. Maybe something traumatic has happened and, no matter how hard you try, you can’t move past it. You may feel stuck, unsafe, or like you’ve lost the version of yourself you once knew. Perhaps you blame yourself or feel “not good enough.” These thoughts can feel isolating, but they’re common responses to trauma—not reflections of your worth. Therapy offers a safe space to explore these feelings and begin moving toward healing.
01475 603624 View 01475 603624
Jen Tays
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Online Only
As a Registered Counsellor & Therapist I am here for you, to help you transform your relationship within your world, whether that be with people in general, work colleagues, your partner or your parents. I can help with anxiety and traumas, big or small and those in between. As a trained EMDR Consultant I work with children and adults. If you're not sure where your issues stem from, I will help you locate it and transform it or we instead focus on the present. I will work with you to find your optimum. I am in Edinburgh, Glasgow and Online.
As a Registered Counsellor & Therapist I am here for you, to help you transform your relationship within your world, whether that be with people in general, work colleagues, your partner or your parents. I can help with anxiety and traumas, big or small and those in between. As a trained EMDR Consultant I work with children and adults. If you're not sure where your issues stem from, I will help you locate it and transform it or we instead focus on the present. I will work with you to find your optimum. I am in Edinburgh, Glasgow and Online.
07533 063278 View 07533 063278
Anne Henderson
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Not accepting new clients
I hope to offer you a warm welcome to my therapy room. There you will find a comfortable chair with a view of the beach. I welcome clients of all ages 16 years upwards. You may have a specific issue you wish to explore, or come to find a safe space to look more deeply at things that have been troubling you. Life can throw up all kinds of curve balls that can impact in many ways. Coming to talk together can help to make sense out of what can be confusing situations, relationships and feelings. I will meet you with acceptance and give you space and time to explore your options and support your change.
I hope to offer you a warm welcome to my therapy room. There you will find a comfortable chair with a view of the beach. I welcome clients of all ages 16 years upwards. You may have a specific issue you wish to explore, or come to find a safe space to look more deeply at things that have been troubling you. Life can throw up all kinds of curve balls that can impact in many ways. Coming to talk together can help to make sense out of what can be confusing situations, relationships and feelings. I will meet you with acceptance and give you space and time to explore your options and support your change.
01620 678807 View 01620 678807
Professor Dr Zoe Chouliara
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Excellence, Compassion, Not Giving Up On You Zoe Chouliara Psychology Director Prof. Dr Zoë Chouliara Formerly Professor in Mental Health, Consultant Psychologist We are an Awarded, Specialist, Boutique Psychology/Mental Health Clinic in the heart of Edinburgh and North Berwick. No juniors, no associates. Prof. Dr Zoë has 17 years of clinical experience in working with severe and/complex psychological difficulties and 14 years of supervising and training others. We are Trauma/ CPTSD/Abuse Specialists, Gender Specialist (BPS National Register), BAGIS Member and specialist in plastic surgery. We handle anything you've got.
Excellence, Compassion, Not Giving Up On You Zoe Chouliara Psychology Director Prof. Dr Zoë Chouliara Formerly Professor in Mental Health, Consultant Psychologist We are an Awarded, Specialist, Boutique Psychology/Mental Health Clinic in the heart of Edinburgh and North Berwick. No juniors, no associates. Prof. Dr Zoë has 17 years of clinical experience in working with severe and/complex psychological difficulties and 14 years of supervising and training others. We are Trauma/ CPTSD/Abuse Specialists, Gender Specialist (BPS National Register), BAGIS Member and specialist in plastic surgery. We handle anything you've got.
01764 915791 View 01764 915791
Dr Hannah Ranaldi
Psychologist, HCPC - Health Psych.
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you looking to adapt, cope, and manage changes in your health and wellbeing? As a Health Psychologist, I specialise in working with women’s health (e.g., menopause and menstrual conditions), stress and burnout, chronic pain, and managing long-term conditions (e.g., heart conditions, diabetes, chronic fatigue, long Covid, and gut health). Psychological approaches can help manage and reduce symptom severity and help improve overall quality of life, so that you feel less restricted by your health and able to start living a rich and meaningful life. My clients often arrive feeling stuck, or depressed, anxious, and overwhelmed.
Are you looking to adapt, cope, and manage changes in your health and wellbeing? As a Health Psychologist, I specialise in working with women’s health (e.g., menopause and menstrual conditions), stress and burnout, chronic pain, and managing long-term conditions (e.g., heart conditions, diabetes, chronic fatigue, long Covid, and gut health). Psychological approaches can help manage and reduce symptom severity and help improve overall quality of life, so that you feel less restricted by your health and able to start living a rich and meaningful life. My clients often arrive feeling stuck, or depressed, anxious, and overwhelmed.
0131 381 1736 View 0131 381 1736
Valerie Smith
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
I have a deep belief in people’s capacity to grow, even through the most difficult circumstances. I can offer you a warm, safe space where you feel at ease to explore what is troubling you and what must change. My focus is on enabling you to find genuine compassion for all parts of your experience, however unwelcome or even frightening. This can be deeply healing. I enjoy working with young people (16 plus) and adults of all ages and a wide range of different life experiences.
I have a deep belief in people’s capacity to grow, even through the most difficult circumstances. I can offer you a warm, safe space where you feel at ease to explore what is troubling you and what must change. My focus is on enabling you to find genuine compassion for all parts of your experience, however unwelcome or even frightening. This can be deeply healing. I enjoy working with young people (16 plus) and adults of all ages and a wide range of different life experiences.
01875 447076 View 01875 447076
Dr Lucy Abraham, Consultant Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I’m Lucy, I'm Director of Lucy’s Place CIC, an NHS Consultant Clinical Psychologist and registered with the HCPC. I founded Lucy’s Place CIC because I want to offer people holistic person centred care - a place to recover, connect and thrive! I’m experienced in the treatment of a large range of mental health difficulties including depression, anxiety, PTSD and interpersonal problems. My career has focussed largely on complex difficulties, but at Lucy’s Place CIC I am keen to work with anyone that wants gain a better understanding, to make a change in their lives for the better, improve their wellbeing and sense of self.
I’m Lucy, I'm Director of Lucy’s Place CIC, an NHS Consultant Clinical Psychologist and registered with the HCPC. I founded Lucy’s Place CIC because I want to offer people holistic person centred care - a place to recover, connect and thrive! I’m experienced in the treatment of a large range of mental health difficulties including depression, anxiety, PTSD and interpersonal problems. My career has focussed largely on complex difficulties, but at Lucy’s Place CIC I am keen to work with anyone that wants gain a better understanding, to make a change in their lives for the better, improve their wellbeing and sense of self.
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Louise McBride Pgdip.
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP
Serves Area
Whatever difficulties you are experiencing I can help you to gain insight into why they exist and persist. Psychodynamic therapy helps you to bring that which is unconscious into awareness which helps you to understand and often resolve internal conflicts that cause suffering. These conflicts manifest as, e.g. anxiety, depression, self-destructive behaviours, especially in relationship with others. Psychodynamic therapy can be effective in enabling life long change. Due to the relational nature of Psychodynamic therapy sessions in person are preferable.
Whatever difficulties you are experiencing I can help you to gain insight into why they exist and persist. Psychodynamic therapy helps you to bring that which is unconscious into awareness which helps you to understand and often resolve internal conflicts that cause suffering. These conflicts manifest as, e.g. anxiety, depression, self-destructive behaviours, especially in relationship with others. Psychodynamic therapy can be effective in enabling life long change. Due to the relational nature of Psychodynamic therapy sessions in person are preferable.
0131 381 0828 View 0131 381 0828
Yvonne Earl
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Serves Area
Hello, my name is Yvonne Earl. I am a psychological therapist with over thirty years experience working in the field of child and adolescent mental health. I offer evidence based, high quality assessment and treatment to children and young people. My sessions are tailored to the needs of the individual child or adolescent, as each and every person and family has their own strengths and difficulties. Specialities Low Self Esteem, Depression, Self Harm, Exam Stress, School Difficulties Anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Parenting Problems, Family/Work, Eating Disorders, Bereavement, Lack of Confidence, Parental Consultations.
Hello, my name is Yvonne Earl. I am a psychological therapist with over thirty years experience working in the field of child and adolescent mental health. I offer evidence based, high quality assessment and treatment to children and young people. My sessions are tailored to the needs of the individual child or adolescent, as each and every person and family has their own strengths and difficulties. Specialities Low Self Esteem, Depression, Self Harm, Exam Stress, School Difficulties Anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Parenting Problems, Family/Work, Eating Disorders, Bereavement, Lack of Confidence, Parental Consultations.
0131 381 8234 View 0131 381 8234
integration counselling & psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MRes, MBABCP
Serves Area
Do you feel stuck in a particular cycle that is impacting your life and needs to change? Does regulating emotions seem impossible?thinking negatively? have difficultly trusting others or doubt yourself?..Our hope is to offer you the tools, techniques and the inspiration you need towards improving your wellbeing, and encouraging personal growth. Whether you would like some help with anger, anxiety, addiction, phobias, to improve your mood, process trauma or improve your self-esteem. Together we can work collaboratively to help you to make lasting changes which will allow you to improve your outlook and live life to the fullest.
Do you feel stuck in a particular cycle that is impacting your life and needs to change? Does regulating emotions seem impossible?thinking negatively? have difficultly trusting others or doubt yourself?..Our hope is to offer you the tools, techniques and the inspiration you need towards improving your wellbeing, and encouraging personal growth. Whether you would like some help with anger, anxiety, addiction, phobias, to improve your mood, process trauma or improve your self-esteem. Together we can work collaboratively to help you to make lasting changes which will allow you to improve your outlook and live life to the fullest.
07723 923797 View 07723 923797
Abz Irwin-Ransom
Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Music Therap.
Serves Area
Hello, I'm Abz, an HCPC registered Music Therapist. Maybe you're considering therapy because life feels hard right now, maybe because of grief, anxiety, trauma, a health diagnosis, or a brain injury. Maybe it's difficult to find the words to explain. For some people music therapy is a good fit because music has always felt like a more natural language than speech, perhaps due to a learning disability or complex needs. Wherever you're at, I try to meet you gently, without rushing. Together we let the music do some of the work that talking alone can't always do, and slowly, at your pace, we find a way through.
Hello, I'm Abz, an HCPC registered Music Therapist. Maybe you're considering therapy because life feels hard right now, maybe because of grief, anxiety, trauma, a health diagnosis, or a brain injury. Maybe it's difficult to find the words to explain. For some people music therapy is a good fit because music has always felt like a more natural language than speech, perhaps due to a learning disability or complex needs. Wherever you're at, I try to meet you gently, without rushing. Together we let the music do some of the work that talking alone can't always do, and slowly, at your pace, we find a way through.
01620 671577 View 01620 671577
Claire de la Varre
Psychotherapist, PhD, MHGI
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Claire, and I'm an experienced therapist and hypnotherapist. I take a practical, kind, and non-judgmental approach in my work. I see adults, couples, elderly people, children, and teens. Although I work with whatever issue you want to address in therapy, I also specialise in the following areas: 1) anxiety and depression 2) ongoing or longer-term support, plus coping skills, for chronic or terminal illness e.g. long covid, IBS, Parkinson's or cancer 3) sex-informed couples counselling (not sex therapy, but we will talk about your sex life), and 4) dissociative disorders (depersonalisation/derealisation or DID spectrum).
Hi, I'm Claire, and I'm an experienced therapist and hypnotherapist. I take a practical, kind, and non-judgmental approach in my work. I see adults, couples, elderly people, children, and teens. Although I work with whatever issue you want to address in therapy, I also specialise in the following areas: 1) anxiety and depression 2) ongoing or longer-term support, plus coping skills, for chronic or terminal illness e.g. long covid, IBS, Parkinson's or cancer 3) sex-informed couples counselling (not sex therapy, but we will talk about your sex life), and 4) dissociative disorders (depersonalisation/derealisation or DID spectrum).
01934 314986 View 01934 314986
Jacki Knox
Counsellor, DCounsPsych
Online Only
Are you finding that everyday life is feeling like a battle? Have you lost the joy for things that previously brought you happiness? Or perhaps you feel that your patience and tolerance is not what it used to be. I see everyday, people who are so busy looking after those around them, they forget to look after themselves, but you will never regret prioritising your mental health. I believe that everyone has the power to overcome life's challenges and discover their true potential. In our counselling sessions, I will help you build resilience, improve your emotional wellbeing, and achieve your goals.
Are you finding that everyday life is feeling like a battle? Have you lost the joy for things that previously brought you happiness? Or perhaps you feel that your patience and tolerance is not what it used to be. I see everyday, people who are so busy looking after those around them, they forget to look after themselves, but you will never regret prioritising your mental health. I believe that everyone has the power to overcome life's challenges and discover their true potential. In our counselling sessions, I will help you build resilience, improve your emotional wellbeing, and achieve your goals.
01968 700314 View 01968 700314

More Therapists Nearby

Hope to Heal Therapy
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Edinburgh EH14
Do you need a safe, caring, confidential space to explore what is troubling you? If you are experiencing anxiety, overwhelm, sadness or low mood talking through these feelings with the right person can help. Maybe you are struggling with a bereavement or a change in health and circumstances. Whatever the difficulty I offer a free 15 minute no obligation call to see how I might support you. Please get in touch. Counselling can provide insight, a way forward, bringing hope, clarity and healing.  It involves meeting either weekly or fortnightly, usually at the same day and time. The investment in counselling can be transformative!
Do you need a safe, caring, confidential space to explore what is troubling you? If you are experiencing anxiety, overwhelm, sadness or low mood talking through these feelings with the right person can help. Maybe you are struggling with a bereavement or a change in health and circumstances. Whatever the difficulty I offer a free 15 minute no obligation call to see how I might support you. Please get in touch. Counselling can provide insight, a way forward, bringing hope, clarity and healing.  It involves meeting either weekly or fortnightly, usually at the same day and time. The investment in counselling can be transformative!
01506 537283 View 01506 537283
Emma Field
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
Thank you for visiting my profile. You may be looking for help with a specific issue, looking for more purpose or clarity in life, more understanding about yourself or maybe you might be confused. Sometimes choosing a therapist can feel overwhelming and despite the qualifications and experience it can be more about finding the right fit between yourself and your therapist.
Thank you for visiting my profile. You may be looking for help with a specific issue, looking for more purpose or clarity in life, more understanding about yourself or maybe you might be confused. Sometimes choosing a therapist can feel overwhelming and despite the qualifications and experience it can be more about finding the right fit between yourself and your therapist.
0141 673 0265 View 0141 673 0265
Melanie Peele
Counsellor, BACP
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
While there is so much joy in getting to know ourselves deeply and authentically, living as a queer and/or transgender person in this world is not always easy. I specialise in gender, sexuality, and relationship diversity. I work with adults and older adolescents who are LGBTQIA+/gender non-conforming, or questioning their identities. I also specialise in trauma recovery, treating healthcare professionals, and working with English speaking immigrants. I work from multiple affirming perspectives, including Health at Every Size, neurodivergence affirming, disability affirming, and fat-liberationist perspectives.
While there is so much joy in getting to know ourselves deeply and authentically, living as a queer and/or transgender person in this world is not always easy. I specialise in gender, sexuality, and relationship diversity. I work with adults and older adolescents who are LGBTQIA+/gender non-conforming, or questioning their identities. I also specialise in trauma recovery, treating healthcare professionals, and working with English speaking immigrants. I work from multiple affirming perspectives, including Health at Every Size, neurodivergence affirming, disability affirming, and fat-liberationist perspectives.
0131 381 4596 View 0131 381 4596
Nazish Kazmi
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Online Only
I appreciate how daunting it is to trust a stranger and be vulnerable with them; taking this first step is extremely brave! I truly believe we can find meaning in our suffering, and hope to provide an authentic experience where you feel held, heard and safe. I came into this role as I genuinely care about human suffering and hold great empathy towards all. Life will throw many curveballs at you; reflection, awareness and understanding through our sessions will help equip you to navigate through them the best you can. Through knowing yourself you will be able to understand your reactions and how to bring about peace in yourself.
I appreciate how daunting it is to trust a stranger and be vulnerable with them; taking this first step is extremely brave! I truly believe we can find meaning in our suffering, and hope to provide an authentic experience where you feel held, heard and safe. I came into this role as I genuinely care about human suffering and hold great empathy towards all. Life will throw many curveballs at you; reflection, awareness and understanding through our sessions will help equip you to navigate through them the best you can. Through knowing yourself you will be able to understand your reactions and how to bring about peace in yourself.
0131 381 1028 View 0131 381 1028

See more therapy options for North Berwick

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in North Berwick

10+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in North Berwick who prioritize treating:

81% Anxiety
81% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Complex PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Bupa
40% Cigna and Evernorth
40% Aviva

How Counsellors in North Berwick see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in North Berwick?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.