Counselling in Kinellar

Photo of Grace Doris, Counsellor, MBACP
Grace Doris
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Life can be complex and from time to time you may look for someone to journey with you and support you for a while as you find a way to deal with certain challenges and difficulties. You may be dealing with difficult emotions like anxiety, depression, anger or worry which is affecting your peace of mind and happiness and would like to explore new skills, strategies and solutions to get through this. Or perhaps you may be looking for ways to enhance your life, build resilience or deal with life changes and transitions. Maybe you would like to find healing from trauma, or deal with intercultural, racial, or spiritual concerns.
Life can be complex and from time to time you may look for someone to journey with you and support you for a while as you find a way to deal with certain challenges and difficulties. You may be dealing with difficult emotions like anxiety, depression, anger or worry which is affecting your peace of mind and happiness and would like to explore new skills, strategies and solutions to get through this. Or perhaps you may be looking for ways to enhance your life, build resilience or deal with life changes and transitions. Maybe you would like to find healing from trauma, or deal with intercultural, racial, or spiritual concerns.
01224 002549 View 01224 002549

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Maegann Jaworski, Counsellor, MBACP
Maegann Jaworski
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that all behaviour makes sense in context and this ethos informs the way I work with clients. As a trauma informed integrative psychotherapist trained in person-centred and psychodynamic therapy, I work with people who experience the effects of childhood trauma, low self-worth, anxiety, estrangement, familial relationship issues, shame and attachment issues. I have also worked with many clients who live with suicidal ideation, depression, and grief and loss.
I believe that all behaviour makes sense in context and this ethos informs the way I work with clients. As a trauma informed integrative psychotherapist trained in person-centred and psychodynamic therapy, I work with people who experience the effects of childhood trauma, low self-worth, anxiety, estrangement, familial relationship issues, shame and attachment issues. I have also worked with many clients who live with suicidal ideation, depression, and grief and loss.
01934 316739 View 01934 316739
Photo of Dr Vera Schroeter, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Vera Schroeter
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
I specialise in helping people who are dealing with traumatic life events, and those who feel lost amidst major life transitions. Whether you are navigating a health challenge, coming to terms with a loss, or looking for support around managing stress - I am here to support you. My approach is first and foremost centred around your needs, your history, and you as a person. I want to help you find yourself and the path forward when you fusing evidence based interventions with practical and human guidance.
I specialise in helping people who are dealing with traumatic life events, and those who feel lost amidst major life transitions. Whether you are navigating a health challenge, coming to terms with a loss, or looking for support around managing stress - I am here to support you. My approach is first and foremost centred around your needs, your history, and you as a person. I want to help you find yourself and the path forward when you fusing evidence based interventions with practical and human guidance.
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Photo of Emma Claire Galashan - Emma Galashan - Granite Occupational Health Ltd, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Are you feeling overwhelmed, lost, or unsure of how to move forward? Life can sometimes feel heavy, and it’s not always easy to share what’s going on inside. If you're struggling to make sense of your thoughts or emotions, counselling can offer a safe and supportive space to explore what you're experiencing. I believe that seeking therapy is a courageous step toward change. Life’s journey often brings challenges, pain, and uncertainty that can feel daunting to face alone. Having someone to talk to—someone who listens without judgment and truly understands—can make all the difference.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, lost, or unsure of how to move forward? Life can sometimes feel heavy, and it’s not always easy to share what’s going on inside. If you're struggling to make sense of your thoughts or emotions, counselling can offer a safe and supportive space to explore what you're experiencing. I believe that seeking therapy is a courageous step toward change. Life’s journey often brings challenges, pain, and uncertainty that can feel daunting to face alone. Having someone to talk to—someone who listens without judgment and truly understands—can make all the difference.
01330 702052 View 01330 702052
Photo of Sanaze Mochki, Counsellor, MBACP
Sanaze Mochki
Counsellor, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Banchory AB31
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming. Whether you're experiencing loss or grief, dealing with relationship difficulties yet feeling stuck, the pressures of parenthood, or navigating a major life transition, I am here to support you. I have extensive experience in mental health services, helping adults with various life challenges. Interacting with people from diverse backgrounds has deepened my appreciation for the uniqueness of every story and perspective. Having lived and worked in several countries, I also understand how change can be unsettling while it creates space for growth and new opportunities.
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming. Whether you're experiencing loss or grief, dealing with relationship difficulties yet feeling stuck, the pressures of parenthood, or navigating a major life transition, I am here to support you. I have extensive experience in mental health services, helping adults with various life challenges. Interacting with people from diverse backgrounds has deepened my appreciation for the uniqueness of every story and perspective. Having lived and worked in several countries, I also understand how change can be unsettling while it creates space for growth and new opportunities.
01224 007352 View 01224 007352
Photo of David Milne, Counsellor, MBACP
David Milne
Counsellor, MBACP
Aberdeen AB10
Hello, and welcome. Starting counselling can be daunting but you don't have to do it alone. We will work together in a collaboration that empowers you to explore whatever is on your mind. People often find themselves sharing anxieties and distresses that they have been holding onto privately. I will hold this with respect and without judgement.
Hello, and welcome. Starting counselling can be daunting but you don't have to do it alone. We will work together in a collaboration that empowers you to explore whatever is on your mind. People often find themselves sharing anxieties and distresses that they have been holding onto privately. I will hold this with respect and without judgement.
01224 007191 View 01224 007191
Photo of Nicola Scott, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Nicola Scott
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
1 Endorsed
If you’re feeling overwhelmed, numb, or carrying the impact of loss or change, I offer a calm, confidential space to make sense of what’s happening and find a way forward. As a pluralistic counsellor, I tailor our session to you. We agree goals together, draw on approaches that fit your preferences, and review regularly to ensure therapy remains helpful.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed, numb, or carrying the impact of loss or change, I offer a calm, confidential space to make sense of what’s happening and find a way forward. As a pluralistic counsellor, I tailor our session to you. We agree goals together, draw on approaches that fit your preferences, and review regularly to ensure therapy remains helpful.
01569 698734 View 01569 698734
Photo of Linda Smith, Counsellor, MBACP
Linda Smith
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Sometimes we experience changes or traumas that leave us struggling with the pressures of life, relationships, work, or studies. This can affect our self-esteem, our sense of identity, and our ability to cope. This can become overwhelming and may lead us to unhelpful or harmful thoughts and behaviours. With help, we can overcome our difficulties and learn to manage our emotions more effectively. With compassion, empathy, respect, and a safe space, we feel heard, considered, and valued. By understanding our thoughts and behaviours we can feel empowered to make positive changes that can lead us to fuller and more enjoyable lives.
Sometimes we experience changes or traumas that leave us struggling with the pressures of life, relationships, work, or studies. This can affect our self-esteem, our sense of identity, and our ability to cope. This can become overwhelming and may lead us to unhelpful or harmful thoughts and behaviours. With help, we can overcome our difficulties and learn to manage our emotions more effectively. With compassion, empathy, respect, and a safe space, we feel heard, considered, and valued. By understanding our thoughts and behaviours we can feel empowered to make positive changes that can lead us to fuller and more enjoyable lives.
0141 673 0253 View 0141 673 0253
Photo of Graham Andrew Wilson, Counsellor, MBACP
Graham Andrew Wilson
Counsellor, MBACP
Ellon AB41
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected, often carrying stress, anxiety, or unresolved emotions. Do you struggle with self-doubt, past traumas, or navigating life changes and crave a safe, understanding space to unpack it all. You may need someone who listens deeply, offers empathy, and provides tools for clarity and healing. You may also need to feel empowered, emotionally balanced, and confident to break free from limiting beliefs. At brave Journeys I can offer you a caring approach, versatile techniques, and a focus on helping you feel truly heard and supported.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected, often carrying stress, anxiety, or unresolved emotions. Do you struggle with self-doubt, past traumas, or navigating life changes and crave a safe, understanding space to unpack it all. You may need someone who listens deeply, offers empathy, and provides tools for clarity and healing. You may also need to feel empowered, emotionally balanced, and confident to break free from limiting beliefs. At brave Journeys I can offer you a caring approach, versatile techniques, and a focus on helping you feel truly heard and supported.
01358 286439 View 01358 286439
Photo of Carol Gordon, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Carol Gordon
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Online Only
You might feel overwhelmed, emotionally drained, or stuck in patterns you don’t know how to change. You may overthink everything, struggle with procrastination or time management, and feel frustrated that everyday tasks seem to take more effort than they should. On the outside, you might look like you’re coping, while inside your mind feels busy, noisy, or constantly behind. Many people I work with are exploring ADHD in adulthood. Alongside relief, this realisation can bring confusion, grief, or a sense of loss for how life might have been. You may be questioning yourself, your past, or why things felt harder for so long.
You might feel overwhelmed, emotionally drained, or stuck in patterns you don’t know how to change. You may overthink everything, struggle with procrastination or time management, and feel frustrated that everyday tasks seem to take more effort than they should. On the outside, you might look like you’re coping, while inside your mind feels busy, noisy, or constantly behind. Many people I work with are exploring ADHD in adulthood. Alongside relief, this realisation can bring confusion, grief, or a sense of loss for how life might have been. You may be questioning yourself, your past, or why things felt harder for so long.
01651 265929 View 01651 265929
Photo of Susan McQuaker, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
Susan McQuaker
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
Aberdeen AB10
Hello, I am a Psychotherapist, EMDR practitioner, Dramatherapist and Clinical Supervisor. In therapy, participants are supported to use creative expression to set goals, solve problems, express feelings and achieve improved mental health. Together in therapy there will be opportunities to consider how your personal life informs the way you experience the world. My work is influenced by trauma-informed approaches, which allow us to look at ourselves and understand why we may suffer. I am also a qualified secondary school teacher with extensive experience of working with people with trauma, autism, ADHD, anxiety, bereavement and loss.
Hello, I am a Psychotherapist, EMDR practitioner, Dramatherapist and Clinical Supervisor. In therapy, participants are supported to use creative expression to set goals, solve problems, express feelings and achieve improved mental health. Together in therapy there will be opportunities to consider how your personal life informs the way you experience the world. My work is influenced by trauma-informed approaches, which allow us to look at ourselves and understand why we may suffer. I am also a qualified secondary school teacher with extensive experience of working with people with trauma, autism, ADHD, anxiety, bereavement and loss.
01224 007453 View 01224 007453
Photo of Refana Saleem Saleem, Counsellor, MSc, PMCOSCA
Refana Saleem Saleem
Counsellor, MSc, PMCOSCA
Serves Area
I have vast experience of working in areas such as: Affairs, Communication Breakdown, Conflict, Abuse, and Trauma. I work with each person's uniqueness in diverse situations including supporting each individual to find more satisfying ways to manage the challenges they are experiencing such as Anxiety, Low Mood, Depression or even Bereavement . I also offer Supervision to Counsellors and those in the helping professions. I also offer telephone and Online Counselling. I am a COSCA Practitioner Member. I have a Masters in Counselling from Abertay University. I have a Diploma in Relationship Counselling and I am also a Trainer.
I have vast experience of working in areas such as: Affairs, Communication Breakdown, Conflict, Abuse, and Trauma. I work with each person's uniqueness in diverse situations including supporting each individual to find more satisfying ways to manage the challenges they are experiencing such as Anxiety, Low Mood, Depression or even Bereavement . I also offer Supervision to Counsellors and those in the helping professions. I also offer telephone and Online Counselling. I am a COSCA Practitioner Member. I have a Masters in Counselling from Abertay University. I have a Diploma in Relationship Counselling and I am also a Trainer.
01236 914479 View 01236 914479
Photo of Fiona Summers, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Fiona Summers
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Whether you are feeling overwhelmed, struggling to navigate a challenging time in your life or would like to foster personal growth and resilience, my person-centred approach will focus on making sure you feel heard and understood. I have first hand experience of the joys and challenges that can accompany caring for a loved one with a disability or additional support needs. It can often be a lonely and overwhelming place, with very little support to examine your own needs or feelings. If this resonates with you, perhaps Hillside Counselling can support by offering you a space to speak, and receive understanding and empathy.
Whether you are feeling overwhelmed, struggling to navigate a challenging time in your life or would like to foster personal growth and resilience, my person-centred approach will focus on making sure you feel heard and understood. I have first hand experience of the joys and challenges that can accompany caring for a loved one with a disability or additional support needs. It can often be a lonely and overwhelming place, with very little support to examine your own needs or feelings. If this resonates with you, perhaps Hillside Counselling can support by offering you a space to speak, and receive understanding and empathy.
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Photo of Anni Stonebridge - Anni Stonebridge Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
I specialise in supporting adults who work in rural communities, including farming, equestrian and food production, who feel overwhelmed, isolated, or impacted by significant life challenges. Many of my clients are managing the emotional strain of career-ending illness or injury, trauma, divorce, grief and loss - including the often overlooked grief that can accompany the loss of animals. I frequently work with people who are under pressure to keep rural businesses afloat while experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD or autism. Rural life can bring unique stresses and many people feel they must cope alone.
I specialise in supporting adults who work in rural communities, including farming, equestrian and food production, who feel overwhelmed, isolated, or impacted by significant life challenges. Many of my clients are managing the emotional strain of career-ending illness or injury, trauma, divorce, grief and loss - including the often overlooked grief that can accompany the loss of animals. I frequently work with people who are under pressure to keep rural businesses afloat while experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD or autism. Rural life can bring unique stresses and many people feel they must cope alone.
01224 079675 View 01224 079675
Photo of Rebecca Amaechina - Resolution Psychotherapy, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, GMBPsS
Resolution Psychotherapy
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, GMBPsS
Serves Area
With extensive experience in addressing childhood trauma and anxiety, coupled with over 300 hours of clinical practice across children's mental health and adult therapy, I provide a nurturing and confidential space for exploration and recovery. Whether you are grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, or other challenges, I aim to collaboratively guide you towards sustainable well-being.
With extensive experience in addressing childhood trauma and anxiety, coupled with over 300 hours of clinical practice across children's mental health and adult therapy, I provide a nurturing and confidential space for exploration and recovery. Whether you are grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, or other challenges, I aim to collaboratively guide you towards sustainable well-being.
01674 907746 View 01674 907746
Photo of Maya Tomse, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Maya Tomse
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Online Only
Living with neurodiversity like ADHD, Autism, learning differences, OCD etc. can bring both unique strengths and daily challenges. Anxiety, stress, and relationship struggles are common, leaving many individuals, couples, and families feeling stuck. I understand this deeply—not only through years of professional training but also from my own life in a neurodivergent family. In therapy, I offer a safe, supportive space to explore how neurodivergence shapes communication, intimacy, and family dynamics.
Living with neurodiversity like ADHD, Autism, learning differences, OCD etc. can bring both unique strengths and daily challenges. Anxiety, stress, and relationship struggles are common, leaving many individuals, couples, and families feeling stuck. I understand this deeply—not only through years of professional training but also from my own life in a neurodivergent family. In therapy, I offer a safe, supportive space to explore how neurodivergence shapes communication, intimacy, and family dynamics.
0131 297 6069 View 0131 297 6069
Photo of Claire Miller, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Claire Miller
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Aberdeen AB25
Waitlist for new clients
I specialise in helping adults and teens struggling with anxiety, compulsive thoughts and behaviours, and neurodiversity-related challenges. If you feel stuck in patterns of worry, overwhelm, or unhelpful habits I can help you to break free from self-doubt, build healthier coping skills, and create a life that aligns with your values. Using CBT and ACT, I provide a supportive space to help you manage emotions, build resilience, and move forward in life with confidence.
I specialise in helping adults and teens struggling with anxiety, compulsive thoughts and behaviours, and neurodiversity-related challenges. If you feel stuck in patterns of worry, overwhelm, or unhelpful habits I can help you to break free from self-doubt, build healthier coping skills, and create a life that aligns with your values. Using CBT and ACT, I provide a supportive space to help you manage emotions, build resilience, and move forward in life with confidence.
01224 007578 View 01224 007578
Photo of Dr Catherine White, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Health Psych.
Dr Catherine White
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Health Psych.
Serves Area
Hello! I am Dr Catherine White CPsychol. I am a chartered, HCPC-registered Health Psychologist. I offer a unique perspective as a Health Psychologist, taking a holistic approach, focusing on the link between psychological, biological and social factors which impact your health and wellbeing. I offer online and face-to-face psychological support and health coaching. I can support with: •long-term conditions (e.g. diabetes, pain, IBD, reproductive health) •smoking cessation •sleep •alcohol consumption •healthier eating •physical activity. We work together to reduce unhelpful behaviours and increase positive behaviours.
Hello! I am Dr Catherine White CPsychol. I am a chartered, HCPC-registered Health Psychologist. I offer a unique perspective as a Health Psychologist, taking a holistic approach, focusing on the link between psychological, biological and social factors which impact your health and wellbeing. I offer online and face-to-face psychological support and health coaching. I can support with: •long-term conditions (e.g. diabetes, pain, IBD, reproductive health) •smoking cessation •sleep •alcohol consumption •healthier eating •physical activity. We work together to reduce unhelpful behaviours and increase positive behaviours.
01506 537228 View 01506 537228
Photo of Linda Colleen Haylett, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Linda Colleen Haylett
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Aberdeen AB16
I offer a quiet safe place for you to feel able to share your thoughts and feelings and explore your lived experience. It is a privilege to be invited in to your world and accompany you as you explore this personal world with me. Person Centred Counselling tradition believes that we are never finished actualising our potential for personal growth and sense of self. It can be a deeply profound experience for client and counsellor to forge a relationship built on mutual trust. In this nurturing environment tender shoots of increasing self awareness mainfest themselves. I provide the conditions of openess, empathy and acceptance
I offer a quiet safe place for you to feel able to share your thoughts and feelings and explore your lived experience. It is a privilege to be invited in to your world and accompany you as you explore this personal world with me. Person Centred Counselling tradition believes that we are never finished actualising our potential for personal growth and sense of self. It can be a deeply profound experience for client and counsellor to forge a relationship built on mutual trust. In this nurturing environment tender shoots of increasing self awareness mainfest themselves. I provide the conditions of openess, empathy and acceptance
01224 079084 View 01224 079084
Photo of Samia Gaskell, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Samia Gaskell
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Aberdeen AB10
Waitlist for new clients
My approach to therapy is rooted in the belief that there’s no one-size-fits-all solution. Life is complex, and our needs shift and evolve over time. As a humanist and integrative therapist, I draw on a range of approaches to shape our work together, because no two people experience life in the same way. For me, therapy is a space where we can be fully human together — a place to sit with the tough questions, explore uncertainty, and gently discover new ways of understanding ourselves. My practice is both neurodivergent-affirming and trauma-informed, offering a compassionate and flexible space for whatever you bring.
My approach to therapy is rooted in the belief that there’s no one-size-fits-all solution. Life is complex, and our needs shift and evolve over time. As a humanist and integrative therapist, I draw on a range of approaches to shape our work together, because no two people experience life in the same way. For me, therapy is a space where we can be fully human together — a place to sit with the tough questions, explore uncertainty, and gently discover new ways of understanding ourselves. My practice is both neurodivergent-affirming and trauma-informed, offering a compassionate and flexible space for whatever you bring.
01224 007371 View 01224 007371

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Kinellar

< 10

Counsellors in Kinellar who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% ADHD
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Bereavement
100% Life Coaching
100% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

7 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Kinellar see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Kinellar?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.