Counselling in Glasgow West, Glasgow

Photo of Gillian Jones Bsc (Hons), Psychotherapist, MA, BACP
Gillian Jones Bsc (Hons)
Psychotherapist, MA, BACP
2 Endorsed
Glasgow West, Glasgow G12
Why should you choose me? My philosophy and approach is based upon offering a discreet, compassionate, and empowering clinic for you to work towards achieving your therapy goals. I believe anyone can benefit from CBT even if they are experiencing problems in one area, or are ready to make some bigger changes. As a CBT therapist, I bring not only my professional expertise but also a warm and compassionate approach to our sessions. Don't hesitate to reach out and ask questions. Starting therapy can feel daunting but I am here to guide you through the process easily and sessions are carried out collaboratively.
Why should you choose me? My philosophy and approach is based upon offering a discreet, compassionate, and empowering clinic for you to work towards achieving your therapy goals. I believe anyone can benefit from CBT even if they are experiencing problems in one area, or are ready to make some bigger changes. As a CBT therapist, I bring not only my professional expertise but also a warm and compassionate approach to our sessions. Don't hesitate to reach out and ask questions. Starting therapy can feel daunting but I am here to guide you through the process easily and sessions are carried out collaboratively.
0141 673 6670 View 0141 673 6670
Photo of Alistair Dickson, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Alistair Dickson
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
Deciding to engage in therapy is a positive and brave decision to embark on a journey of self-discovery. As a qualified therapist (and clincal supervisor) with ten years experience, my role is to create a secure base and be a guide for you, so that you can take up this challenge of self-discovery and move towards greater consciousness, choice and positivity. While working with difficulties in the present many have their origins in emotional experiences and unconscious emotional learning in early life relationships. Also events and consistent experiences, which may amount to degrees of difficulty, pain or trauma.
Deciding to engage in therapy is a positive and brave decision to embark on a journey of self-discovery. As a qualified therapist (and clincal supervisor) with ten years experience, my role is to create a secure base and be a guide for you, so that you can take up this challenge of self-discovery and move towards greater consciousness, choice and positivity. While working with difficulties in the present many have their origins in emotional experiences and unconscious emotional learning in early life relationships. Also events and consistent experiences, which may amount to degrees of difficulty, pain or trauma.
0141 673 0076 View 0141 673 0076
Photo of Dr Karen Ann Gray, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Karen Ann Gray
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Glasgow West, Glasgow G61
I work with people experiencing a wide range of mental health problems which are creating difficulties in their lives. These include different types of anxiety, low or fluctuating mood, worry and rumination, stress, complex grief, problems in relationships with others and issues resulting from historic (complex) or more recent traumatic experiences. Focus is given to understanding the nature and origins of problems and how change can occur. I offer both face to face and online sessions.
I work with people experiencing a wide range of mental health problems which are creating difficulties in their lives. These include different types of anxiety, low or fluctuating mood, worry and rumination, stress, complex grief, problems in relationships with others and issues resulting from historic (complex) or more recent traumatic experiences. Focus is given to understanding the nature and origins of problems and how change can occur. I offer both face to face and online sessions.
0141 465 5746 View 0141 465 5746
Photo of Lauren Boulazreg, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Lauren Boulazreg
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Glasgow West, Glasgow G12
As a biracial therapist, I bring a unique way of working, shaped by personal and professional experience in identity, belonging, and cultural complexities. I understand the nuances of living between cultures, the weight of expectation, and the challenges of feeling caught between different worlds. My work is deeply informed by issues of diversity, inclusion, and cultural identity, particularly in supporting clients who face cultural clashes, discrimination, or the sense of being 'othered.' I have extensive experience with LGBTQ+ and BIPOC communities, working with intersectionalities of culture, sexuality, and mental health.
As a biracial therapist, I bring a unique way of working, shaped by personal and professional experience in identity, belonging, and cultural complexities. I understand the nuances of living between cultures, the weight of expectation, and the challenges of feeling caught between different worlds. My work is deeply informed by issues of diversity, inclusion, and cultural identity, particularly in supporting clients who face cultural clashes, discrimination, or the sense of being 'othered.' I have extensive experience with LGBTQ+ and BIPOC communities, working with intersectionalities of culture, sexuality, and mental health.
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Photo of Andy Weston, Counsellor, BACP
Andy Weston
Counsellor, BACP
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
Hello, my name is Andy, I’m a counsellor & psychotherapist based in Finnieston, Glasgow and a Registered Member of BACP (British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy). I work with clients (aged 16+) in-person and online. Working online means I’m able to help people across the UK & worldwide. I believe the true mechanism of change is through the relationship & although I've extensive theoretical knowledge to assist me in the therapeutic process, it is the connection to my clients which I find is most vital.
Hello, my name is Andy, I’m a counsellor & psychotherapist based in Finnieston, Glasgow and a Registered Member of BACP (British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy). I work with clients (aged 16+) in-person and online. Working online means I’m able to help people across the UK & worldwide. I believe the true mechanism of change is through the relationship & although I've extensive theoretical knowledge to assist me in the therapeutic process, it is the connection to my clients which I find is most vital.
0141 673 0174 View 0141 673 0174
Photo of Samantha Adolfo, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Samantha Adolfo
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Online Only
Hello! I'm Sam, an American clinical mental health counsellor originally from Detroit, then Chicago; now I'm happy to call Glasgow home. As an integrative therapist, I work flexibly, using different approaches—including Adlerian, relational-cultural, solution-focused, CBT, and person-centered techniques—to best suit each individual client. My goal is to work collaboratively and follow your lead with empathy, honesty, authentic curiosity, and sometimes a bit of humor.
Hello! I'm Sam, an American clinical mental health counsellor originally from Detroit, then Chicago; now I'm happy to call Glasgow home. As an integrative therapist, I work flexibly, using different approaches—including Adlerian, relational-cultural, solution-focused, CBT, and person-centered techniques—to best suit each individual client. My goal is to work collaboratively and follow your lead with empathy, honesty, authentic curiosity, and sometimes a bit of humor.
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Photo of Conor Deeney, Psychotherapist, MA, MNCPS Acc.
Conor Deeney
Psychotherapist, MA, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
I’m Conor, a psychotherapist and counsellor, but most importantly, a human. Over the years, I have learned a lot about people, the mind, and what makes people tick. I want to help you make sense of your story, and to understand the different parts of your mind that make up who you are. I work with people who are questioning why they think and feel the way they do, and who often have deep-rooted patterns that create difficult experiences and emotions. My job is to be your teammate and help you get where you want to go.
I’m Conor, a psychotherapist and counsellor, but most importantly, a human. Over the years, I have learned a lot about people, the mind, and what makes people tick. I want to help you make sense of your story, and to understand the different parts of your mind that make up who you are. I work with people who are questioning why they think and feel the way they do, and who often have deep-rooted patterns that create difficult experiences and emotions. My job is to be your teammate and help you get where you want to go.
0141 673 7515 View 0141 673 7515
Photo of Debbie Bolton, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Debbie Bolton
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
Perhaps you are at a place right now where you are not feeling able to manage like you normally would. I would love to work with you to help understand what is happening for you that is impacting on your mental fitness and getting in the way of you living how you would like to. Therapy is not always a quick fix, there will no doubt be challenges. However, we would be working together to navigate through this difficult time, and that is something that I can offer you.
Perhaps you are at a place right now where you are not feeling able to manage like you normally would. I would love to work with you to help understand what is happening for you that is impacting on your mental fitness and getting in the way of you living how you would like to. Therapy is not always a quick fix, there will no doubt be challenges. However, we would be working together to navigate through this difficult time, and that is something that I can offer you.
0141 673 4596 View 0141 673 4596
Photo of Martin Johnstone - The Garnethill Centre, Counsellor, MBACP
The Garnethill Centre
Counsellor, MBACP
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
Counselling and psychotherapy offer opportunity to explore issues and problems in a safe and confidential environment and can help with many issues including: anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, problems at work, bereavement, life changes and crises, and past and recurring trauma. Many people use therapy to support them through periods of distress or difficulty with a wide range of problems. An initial session will offer you an opportunity to think together with an experienced therapist about whether you may benefit from coming for counselling and/or whether our services may be helpful to you.
Counselling and psychotherapy offer opportunity to explore issues and problems in a safe and confidential environment and can help with many issues including: anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, problems at work, bereavement, life changes and crises, and past and recurring trauma. Many people use therapy to support them through periods of distress or difficulty with a wide range of problems. An initial session will offer you an opportunity to think together with an experienced therapist about whether you may benefit from coming for counselling and/or whether our services may be helpful to you.
0141 673 9921 View 0141 673 9921
Photo of Cheyenne Luckemeier, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Cheyenne Luckemeier
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
My therapeutic approach values you as a whole person, welcoming every part of you, exactly as you are. Together we can explore whatever is happening in your life right now, as well as how past experiences might still impact you in the present. We can look at sensitive issues, behaviors, emotions, limiting beliefs, relationship dynamics, and more, helping you develop greater self-awareness and acceptance. I also welcome therapeutic explorations on individual and collective experiences linked to concerns around the state of the world, such as eco-grief and climate-anxiety.
My therapeutic approach values you as a whole person, welcoming every part of you, exactly as you are. Together we can explore whatever is happening in your life right now, as well as how past experiences might still impact you in the present. We can look at sensitive issues, behaviors, emotions, limiting beliefs, relationship dynamics, and more, helping you develop greater self-awareness and acceptance. I also welcome therapeutic explorations on individual and collective experiences linked to concerns around the state of the world, such as eco-grief and climate-anxiety.
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Photo of Jacqueline Groves, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Jacqueline Groves
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Online Only
Whether you've suffered Emotional Abuse, Narcissistic Abuse, workplace bullying or trying to recover from a loved one's addiction.  I can help you make sense of the crazy-making behaviour you've come to accept as normal and how to move on and reclaim your life.
Whether you've suffered Emotional Abuse, Narcissistic Abuse, workplace bullying or trying to recover from a loved one's addiction.  I can help you make sense of the crazy-making behaviour you've come to accept as normal and how to move on and reclaim your life.
0141 673 1690 View 0141 673 1690
Photo of Sanika Ekbote, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, GMBPsS
Sanika Ekbote
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, GMBPsS
1 Endorsed
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
Welcome, and thank you for being here. I aim to offer compassionate, culturally sensitive support in a safe, non-judgemental space where you feel heard & understood. I bring experience from a range of settings & I have worked with adults, and older adults experiencing concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, addiction, chronic pain & trauma. My therapeutic approach is rooted in person-centred therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), allowing me to tailor sessions to meet your unique needs. I often work with individuals to help manage change, feel conflicted or looking for personal growth.
Welcome, and thank you for being here. I aim to offer compassionate, culturally sensitive support in a safe, non-judgemental space where you feel heard & understood. I bring experience from a range of settings & I have worked with adults, and older adults experiencing concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, addiction, chronic pain & trauma. My therapeutic approach is rooted in person-centred therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), allowing me to tailor sessions to meet your unique needs. I often work with individuals to help manage change, feel conflicted or looking for personal growth.
0141 673 3420 View 0141 673 3420
Photo of Dr Rhona Foster, Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Rhona Foster
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Glasgow West, Glasgow G61
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and thank you for visiting my profile! I can offer support with many different issues, whether there has been a recent change in your mental health, or you have been struggling with something for a long time. I have a wide range of experience providing psychological therapy in various settings including primary care within the NHS, higher education, and third-sector organisations. I have experience supporting people experiencing difficulties around pregnancy, birth and becoming a parent. I also have experience working with those affected by health issues such as cancer.
Hello and thank you for visiting my profile! I can offer support with many different issues, whether there has been a recent change in your mental health, or you have been struggling with something for a long time. I have a wide range of experience providing psychological therapy in various settings including primary care within the NHS, higher education, and third-sector organisations. I have experience supporting people experiencing difficulties around pregnancy, birth and becoming a parent. I also have experience working with those affected by health issues such as cancer.
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Photo of Hannah Christ, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, GMBPsS
Hannah Christ
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, GMBPsS
1 Endorsed
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
Welcome, and thank you for taking the time to view my profile. I aim to create a safe and nurturing environment to anyone looking for support with their mental health, as I believe the foundation for all therapy is an empathetic, non-judgemental therapeutic relationship. I can provide person-centred, cognitive-behavioural (CBT) and schema-informed approaches to therapy, and have worked with a broad range of difficulties including; anxiety, relationship problems, depression and experiences of trauma.
Welcome, and thank you for taking the time to view my profile. I aim to create a safe and nurturing environment to anyone looking for support with their mental health, as I believe the foundation for all therapy is an empathetic, non-judgemental therapeutic relationship. I can provide person-centred, cognitive-behavioural (CBT) and schema-informed approaches to therapy, and have worked with a broad range of difficulties including; anxiety, relationship problems, depression and experiences of trauma.
0141 673 9214 View 0141 673 9214
Photo of Geraldine Mynors, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Geraldine Mynors
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling with with anxiety, depression, uncertainty about which way to turn, and even despair? Perhaps you find yourself stuck in the same life patterns over and over and wonder where these come from. Maybe you feel your life is at a crossroads and you need a helping hand to make sense of your options. Are you looking for a therapist who has lots of different approaches and tools in her toolbox and a lot of life experience, and who will really listen to you and work with you to help you improve your experience of life?
Are you struggling with with anxiety, depression, uncertainty about which way to turn, and even despair? Perhaps you find yourself stuck in the same life patterns over and over and wonder where these come from. Maybe you feel your life is at a crossroads and you need a helping hand to make sense of your options. Are you looking for a therapist who has lots of different approaches and tools in her toolbox and a lot of life experience, and who will really listen to you and work with you to help you improve your experience of life?
0141 673 0289 View 0141 673 0289
Photo of Dr Luke Barracliffe, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Luke Barracliffe
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
I'm Dr Luke and I'm a HCPC-registered Clinical Psychologist - I help those who want more from life and overall greater self esteem. You may be adjusting to a big life event or going through a personal transition, such as in your health, work or relationships. I often work with those who are most critical of themselves and want to realign their life with their values. With experience in NHS and private sectors, I aim to create a comfortable and safe space for you to explore your experiences. I offer a free video or phone chat to discuss this further, and you can visit my website at: TrueMindPsychology. com
I'm Dr Luke and I'm a HCPC-registered Clinical Psychologist - I help those who want more from life and overall greater self esteem. You may be adjusting to a big life event or going through a personal transition, such as in your health, work or relationships. I often work with those who are most critical of themselves and want to realign their life with their values. With experience in NHS and private sectors, I aim to create a comfortable and safe space for you to explore your experiences. I offer a free video or phone chat to discuss this further, and you can visit my website at: TrueMindPsychology. com
0141 673 4754 View 0141 673 4754
Photo of Barbara MacDonald, Counsellor, MCOSCA
Barbara MacDonald
Counsellor, MCOSCA
Glasgow West, Glasgow G61
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist based in the Glasgow area. I offer sessions using a collaborative approach in a confidential, compassionate environment to support you through a difficult time in your life. CBT is a talking therapy that uses a range of methods, including psycho-education, to increase your awareness of the issue and to develop the skills to change your thinking and behaviour, enabling real life changes. I believe that working together is the key to success and throughout our journey we will focus on your goals and aspirations in order to find solutions that will enable you to move forward.
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist based in the Glasgow area. I offer sessions using a collaborative approach in a confidential, compassionate environment to support you through a difficult time in your life. CBT is a talking therapy that uses a range of methods, including psycho-education, to increase your awareness of the issue and to develop the skills to change your thinking and behaviour, enabling real life changes. I believe that working together is the key to success and throughout our journey we will focus on your goals and aspirations in order to find solutions that will enable you to move forward.
0141 483 7887 View 0141 483 7887
Photo of Shirley Burton, MSc
Shirley Burton
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow West, Glasgow G3
Whether short- or long-term support is required, we are social beings and respond best to the security of a trusting relationship - I seek to start building that together immediately, regardless of the person or what they are bringing. When we feel safe from judgement, it is easier to access the answers to the questions that we seek, moving through challenges with more resilience and allowing us to tap into our innate intuition for guidance.
Whether short- or long-term support is required, we are social beings and respond best to the security of a trusting relationship - I seek to start building that together immediately, regardless of the person or what they are bringing. When we feel safe from judgement, it is easier to access the answers to the questions that we seek, moving through challenges with more resilience and allowing us to tap into our innate intuition for guidance.
0141 465 5930 View 0141 465 5930
Photo of Alison Keogh, Psychotherapist, PNCPS Acc.
Alison Keogh
Psychotherapist, PNCPS Acc.
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I am an integrative Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and Clinical Supervisor based in the Glasgow area. I work predominantly within a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach, but also draw on perspectives from other therapies giving me a more holistic approach to my practice. I have extensive experience working with adults as well as young people and their families in school settings and privately.
I am an integrative Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and Clinical Supervisor based in the Glasgow area. I work predominantly within a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach, but also draw on perspectives from other therapies giving me a more holistic approach to my practice. I have extensive experience working with adults as well as young people and their families in school settings and privately.
0141 673 4327 View 0141 673 4327
Photo of Conrad Cave - Conrad Cave, Counselling Service., Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Conrad Cave, Counselling Service.
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Online Only
I find the Person-Centred Approach fits my own philosophy as it has at its very core, an unshakable belief that all people are good. Person-Centred counselling believes that each and every person can, and will, become a more fully functioning person if given the correct conditions. The underpinning principles of the Person- Centred Approach are focused on the counsellor being honest, non-judgmental and fully accepting whilst being fully integrated in the relationship allowing the client to lead and set the pace. I aim to offer these conditions as best as I can during our relationship.
I find the Person-Centred Approach fits my own philosophy as it has at its very core, an unshakable belief that all people are good. Person-Centred counselling believes that each and every person can, and will, become a more fully functioning person if given the correct conditions. The underpinning principles of the Person- Centred Approach are focused on the counsellor being honest, non-judgmental and fully accepting whilst being fully integrated in the relationship allowing the client to lead and set the pace. I aim to offer these conditions as best as I can during our relationship.
020 4538 5140 View 020 4538 5140

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Glasgow West, Glasgow

200+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Glasgow West, Glasgow who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Self Esteem
83% Depression
83% Stress
81% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
65% Bereavement

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Aviva
69% AXA PPP
55% Vitality

How Counsellors in Glasgow West, Glasgow see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Glasgow West, Glasgow?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.