Counselling in Paisley

Photo of Elvira Kesoglou, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Elvira Kesoglou
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA3  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I understand that it is not always easy to express our worries with those around us. There are times we feel overwhelmed, unable to manage difficulties in our lives, and thus finding ourselves needing a safe space to explore our feelings and thoughts, be heard, and understood. There is no shame in getting help so thank you for taking care of yourself and your mental health by seeking therapy.
I understand that it is not always easy to express our worries with those around us. There are times we feel overwhelmed, unable to manage difficulties in our lives, and thus finding ourselves needing a safe space to explore our feelings and thoughts, be heard, and understood. There is no shame in getting help so thank you for taking care of yourself and your mental health by seeking therapy.
0141 280 4782 View 0141 280 4782
Photo of Alison McAuley, Counsellor in Paisley, Scotland
Alison McAuley
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Paisley PA2
I am a qualified Counsellor and Hypnotherapist working in-person from my office in Paisley or oneline throughout the UK. I work alongside you on building mutual trust, respect in the therapy room to explore what is the most important issues for you. I am sensitive to the needs of each individual, and we will work at a pace that suits you best. I offer a safe and welcoming space to work to understand your feelings, to be heard and understood. Listen to your experiences and guide you through the healing process. I believe that you are the expert in your life and my role is providing a safe space to explore this.
I am a qualified Counsellor and Hypnotherapist working in-person from my office in Paisley or oneline throughout the UK. I work alongside you on building mutual trust, respect in the therapy room to explore what is the most important issues for you. I am sensitive to the needs of each individual, and we will work at a pace that suits you best. I offer a safe and welcoming space to work to understand your feelings, to be heard and understood. Listen to your experiences and guide you through the healing process. I believe that you are the expert in your life and my role is providing a safe space to explore this.
0141 673 8641 View 0141 673 8641
Photo of Rebecca Strawser, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Rebecca Strawser
Psychotherapist, PMCOSCA
Verified Verified
Paisley PA1
Choosing a therapist can feel scary and overwhelming. With my friendly, professional and non-judgemental approach, I aim to make that process as comfortable as possible. I'm an accredited psychotherapist, practising CBT with an integrative approach. I have extensive experience working with adults and young people with anxiety, depression, panic, low self-esteem and other struggles. Get in touch for a no-obligation chat to see whether or not I might be a good fit for you. I can work online or in person.
Choosing a therapist can feel scary and overwhelming. With my friendly, professional and non-judgemental approach, I aim to make that process as comfortable as possible. I'm an accredited psychotherapist, practising CBT with an integrative approach. I have extensive experience working with adults and young people with anxiety, depression, panic, low self-esteem and other struggles. Get in touch for a no-obligation chat to see whether or not I might be a good fit for you. I can work online or in person.
0141 673 6052 View 0141 673 6052
Photo of Rebecca Hepson, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Rebecca Hepson
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA1
I believe that the most important relationship we will have over our lifetime is the relationship that we have with ourselves. Throughout our lives we can come to conclusions about ourselves and others that cause us to feel insecure with who we are and around others. My job as a therapist and life coach is to provide a talking space for you to figure out what is holding you back from achieving the relationships and lifestyle you deserve. The more we understand who we really are, the easier it becomes to truly and deliberately create the life we desire.
I believe that the most important relationship we will have over our lifetime is the relationship that we have with ourselves. Throughout our lives we can come to conclusions about ourselves and others that cause us to feel insecure with who we are and around others. My job as a therapist and life coach is to provide a talking space for you to figure out what is holding you back from achieving the relationships and lifestyle you deserve. The more we understand who we really are, the easier it becomes to truly and deliberately create the life we desire.
01389 317526 View 01389 317526
Photo of Michelle Dickie Mbacp, Counsellor in Paisley, Scotland
Michelle Dickie Mbacp
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA3
Hi my name is michelle and I am aware Choosing to start therapy can often feel daunting and terrifying.  I understand this journey, both from a personal and from a theoretical perspective. So, I just want to say thank you for putting yourself out there, even know you may have feelings of apprehension. 
Hi my name is michelle and I am aware Choosing to start therapy can often feel daunting and terrifying.  I understand this journey, both from a personal and from a theoretical perspective. So, I just want to say thank you for putting yourself out there, even know you may have feelings of apprehension. 
01505 805889 View 01505 805889
Photo of Jennifer Krysta Slann, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Jennifer Krysta Slann
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA3
My name is Jennifer, I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist based in Renfrewshire. I was born in Australia but have lived in Scotland for 6 years. I work with clients starting from 13 years old who are experiencing mental health difficulties. I work with clients who are experiencing mild to moderate anxiety and depression (including specific disorders like OCD, health anxiety, social anxiety etc.) and have experience delivering trauma focussed CBT. My clients work towards specific, unique goals and tend to have between 6-12 sessions with me (occasionally more sessions, particularly if we are working with trauma).
My name is Jennifer, I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist based in Renfrewshire. I was born in Australia but have lived in Scotland for 6 years. I work with clients starting from 13 years old who are experiencing mental health difficulties. I work with clients who are experiencing mild to moderate anxiety and depression (including specific disorders like OCD, health anxiety, social anxiety etc.) and have experience delivering trauma focussed CBT. My clients work towards specific, unique goals and tend to have between 6-12 sessions with me (occasionally more sessions, particularly if we are working with trauma).
0141 673 4168 View 0141 673 4168
Photo of Sam Pattison, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Sam Pattison
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Paisley PA1  (Online Only)
I work online in a person-centred way with clients 12 and above, of any race, gender and sexuality. I have experience working with a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, self-harm, self-esteem related issues, trauma and abuse. I also offer parent support sessions where appropriate when working with a child or young person, these are specifically focused on supporting parents to assist in their child’s therapeutic work and progress.
I work online in a person-centred way with clients 12 and above, of any race, gender and sexuality. I have experience working with a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, self-harm, self-esteem related issues, trauma and abuse. I also offer parent support sessions where appropriate when working with a child or young person, these are specifically focused on supporting parents to assist in their child’s therapeutic work and progress.
0141 673 8667 View 0141 673 8667
Photo of Arran Southall (Desktop Counselling), Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Arran Southall (Desktop Counselling)
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA1
Waitlist for new clients
Are you tired of feeling anxious and depressed? Struggling with a difficult situation? Therapy is an investment in yourself and can enable great change in your life. It would be my privilege to support you in whatever challenge you are facing.
Are you tired of feeling anxious and depressed? Struggling with a difficult situation? Therapy is an investment in yourself and can enable great change in your life. It would be my privilege to support you in whatever challenge you are facing.
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Photo of Cindy Knapton CBT, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Cindy Knapton CBT
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Paisley PA1  (Online Only)
Sometimes life is overwhelming and we don't have all the answers. Stressful events can cause negative thoughts and anxiety which keep you on edge and impact sleep. To cope, you may try really hard to fix things, please others, or avoid activities and settings you previously enjoyed, as it all seems too much. This keeps us stuck in a vicious cycle, which is just exhausting. The good news is that CBT can help. By understanding your experience, you can learn achievable coping strategies that work for you. This means you can feel more in control, manage difficult emotions and get back to being you.
Sometimes life is overwhelming and we don't have all the answers. Stressful events can cause negative thoughts and anxiety which keep you on edge and impact sleep. To cope, you may try really hard to fix things, please others, or avoid activities and settings you previously enjoyed, as it all seems too much. This keeps us stuck in a vicious cycle, which is just exhausting. The good news is that CBT can help. By understanding your experience, you can learn achievable coping strategies that work for you. This means you can feel more in control, manage difficult emotions and get back to being you.
0141 673 9493 View 0141 673 9493
Photo of Dr Jenn Cooper, Psychologist in Paisley, Scotland
Dr Jenn Cooper
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Paisley PA1
As a psychologist, I work with individuals on a range of difficulties including depression, anxiety, stress, self harm, relationship difficulties and more. I utilise a variety of the therapeutic approaches to deliver psychological interventions that are tailored to your individual needs. I strive to work collaboratively with my clients to identify difficulties and goals for change. The therapeutic relationship is core to my practice and my first goal is to provide clients with a safe space in which they can develop trust with me to explore their difficulties.
As a psychologist, I work with individuals on a range of difficulties including depression, anxiety, stress, self harm, relationship difficulties and more. I utilise a variety of the therapeutic approaches to deliver psychological interventions that are tailored to your individual needs. I strive to work collaboratively with my clients to identify difficulties and goals for change. The therapeutic relationship is core to my practice and my first goal is to provide clients with a safe space in which they can develop trust with me to explore their difficulties.
01505 805881 View 01505 805881
Photo of Angela McCafferty, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Angela McCafferty
Psychotherapist, MCOSCA Accred
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Paisley PA2
I am a professionally qualified Accredited Psychotherapist (CBT), based in Paisley, providing therapy services face-to-face and online. I use an integrative style leading with empathy and compassion and the skillset of CBT (ACT), whilst focussing on your individual needs to get the best out of our sessions together. I aim to build a positive and trusting relationship with my clients and offer a relaxed, safe and confidential space to talk through your problems. Using a collaborative non-judgmental approach, I can assist you in learning new ways of coping, decision making and problem-solving techniques.
I am a professionally qualified Accredited Psychotherapist (CBT), based in Paisley, providing therapy services face-to-face and online. I use an integrative style leading with empathy and compassion and the skillset of CBT (ACT), whilst focussing on your individual needs to get the best out of our sessions together. I aim to build a positive and trusting relationship with my clients and offer a relaxed, safe and confidential space to talk through your problems. Using a collaborative non-judgmental approach, I can assist you in learning new ways of coping, decision making and problem-solving techniques.
01505 805895 View 01505 805895
Photo of Therapy with Stephany, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Therapy with Stephany
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA1
Let's work together to support your mental & emotional wellbeing. I am an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist who is passionate about supporting & empowering others through delivering effective CBT with a warm and collaborative approach. I help individuals overcome common mental health difficulties such as depression, anxiety, OCD and low self-esteem. Additionally, I have a special interest in women's health, and have experience of supporting women with various conditions specific to women's health, such as PMDD. I have also recently completed further training to help support those who have experienced baby loss.
Let's work together to support your mental & emotional wellbeing. I am an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist who is passionate about supporting & empowering others through delivering effective CBT with a warm and collaborative approach. I help individuals overcome common mental health difficulties such as depression, anxiety, OCD and low self-esteem. Additionally, I have a special interest in women's health, and have experience of supporting women with various conditions specific to women's health, such as PMDD. I have also recently completed further training to help support those who have experienced baby loss.
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Photo of Debbie Guild, Counsellor in Paisley, Scotland
Debbie Guild
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA3
Whatever your reason for seeking counselling; abuse, anxiety, overthinking, self-esteem, work or relationship issues, to name but a few, you're probably looking for something to change. Counselling offers you a different kind of relationship, one where you can open up, explore and reassess current or historic issues which may be holding you back. With greater understanding comes greater resilience and self-empowerment, which can enable you to make the changes you want in order to enjoy your life more fully. That life can be hard is a fact. That we have to face challenging times alone is not. Get in touch and start that change!
Whatever your reason for seeking counselling; abuse, anxiety, overthinking, self-esteem, work or relationship issues, to name but a few, you're probably looking for something to change. Counselling offers you a different kind of relationship, one where you can open up, explore and reassess current or historic issues which may be holding you back. With greater understanding comes greater resilience and self-empowerment, which can enable you to make the changes you want in order to enjoy your life more fully. That life can be hard is a fact. That we have to face challenging times alone is not. Get in touch and start that change!
0141 280 6158 View 0141 280 6158
Photo of Johnnie Taylor BA(Hons) RMN PgDipCouns MSc , Counsellor in Paisley, Scotland
Johnnie Taylor BA(Hons) RMN PgDipCouns MSc
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA1  (Online Only)
Are you living with the symptoms of emotional ‘trauma’, distressing memories and emotional triggers? Is this making life, work and relationships more difficult? Perhaps you experience flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, panic, phobias, anger? We can use Internal Family Systems' therapy with EMDR therapy to compassionately engage with your self. We can befriend your troubled 'parts' and unburden them of their jobs. I use a somatic trauma-informed approach to your therapy, i have worked as a clinical specialist in the NHS and have a great deal of experience, particularly with relationship difficulties, obsessions, and complex cases.
Are you living with the symptoms of emotional ‘trauma’, distressing memories and emotional triggers? Is this making life, work and relationships more difficult? Perhaps you experience flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, panic, phobias, anger? We can use Internal Family Systems' therapy with EMDR therapy to compassionately engage with your self. We can befriend your troubled 'parts' and unburden them of their jobs. I use a somatic trauma-informed approach to your therapy, i have worked as a clinical specialist in the NHS and have a great deal of experience, particularly with relationship difficulties, obsessions, and complex cases.
01227 202266 View 01227 202266
Photo of Dawn McGuire in Paisley, Scotland
Dawn McGuire
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Paisley PA1
Each one of us has times in life when we feel uncertain of how to move forward. Perhaps you’ve noticed yourself getting stuck in unhelpful patterns or cycles of behaviour and you’re finding it hard to see a way out? Or you’re experiencing difficult feelings that are getting in the way of living a more fulfilled, contented life? I work with clients to help make sense of the challenges that have brought them to therapy. I work with a wide range of issues including Self-Esteem, Depressions, Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, Stress, Bereavement and many more.
Each one of us has times in life when we feel uncertain of how to move forward. Perhaps you’ve noticed yourself getting stuck in unhelpful patterns or cycles of behaviour and you’re finding it hard to see a way out? Or you’re experiencing difficult feelings that are getting in the way of living a more fulfilled, contented life? I work with clients to help make sense of the challenges that have brought them to therapy. I work with a wide range of issues including Self-Esteem, Depressions, Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, Stress, Bereavement and many more.
07396 721327 View 07396 721327
Photo of Vicki Allen, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Vicki Allen
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA1
I have a particular interest in working with people with relationship problems, including their relationship with their self and, with their own emotions and emotional regulation. This can manifest as social anxiety, with an underlying sense of not being good enough or being odd/not fitting in with other people and society’s expectations. If you struggle with your own identity - not knowing your own likes/dislikes/values (sometimes called codependency), then get in touch. We can explore together what gets in the way of you knowing (and accepting) the real you.
I have a particular interest in working with people with relationship problems, including their relationship with their self and, with their own emotions and emotional regulation. This can manifest as social anxiety, with an underlying sense of not being good enough or being odd/not fitting in with other people and society’s expectations. If you struggle with your own identity - not knowing your own likes/dislikes/values (sometimes called codependency), then get in touch. We can explore together what gets in the way of you knowing (and accepting) the real you.
0141 280 6719 View 0141 280 6719
Photo of Wendy B Hanson, Psychotherapist in Paisley, Scotland
Wendy B Hanson
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA1  (Online Only)
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist with experience of working with anxiety, depression, relationships, low self-esteem, stress and work-place issues. I’ll help you discover and learn tools for dealing with these issues and, in a confidential and non-judgemental environment, we can work through what is going on for you now and help you develop a means of moving forward in your life.
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist with experience of working with anxiety, depression, relationships, low self-esteem, stress and work-place issues. I’ll help you discover and learn tools for dealing with these issues and, in a confidential and non-judgemental environment, we can work through what is going on for you now and help you develop a means of moving forward in your life.
0141 483 7504 View 0141 483 7504
Photo of Anita counselling service , Counsellor in Paisley, Scotland
Anita counselling service
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Paisley PA2
Counselling is a connection between you and me. If you are feeling low, down, mixed up, confused, emotional and feel ready to explore what you are experiencing within a confidential setting, where you can be listened to compassionately to feel understood. The therapeutic relationship is built on trust and safety, which offers you an acceptance of yourself and an awareness of your own inner self. The process of change develops through your own inner connection with your self, shifting your mindset and reactions into choices of responding. Moving forward in your own empowerment and self-worth. Being confident in who you are.
Counselling is a connection between you and me. If you are feeling low, down, mixed up, confused, emotional and feel ready to explore what you are experiencing within a confidential setting, where you can be listened to compassionately to feel understood. The therapeutic relationship is built on trust and safety, which offers you an acceptance of yourself and an awareness of your own inner self. The process of change develops through your own inner connection with your self, shifting your mindset and reactions into choices of responding. Moving forward in your own empowerment and self-worth. Being confident in who you are.
0141 673 0135 View 0141 673 0135
Photo of Jane Hamilton, Counsellor in Paisley, Scotland
Jane Hamilton
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Paisley PA1
I have trained and practise as a person centred counsellor because I believe everyone has the potential to reach inside and find their own strength and resources, with a little help . There are times in all of our lives when we feel we need some extra help to cope with life events and struggles. I would like to help you through whatever it is that brings you here. Whether it is work, life events, or you're not sure what is wrong but feel something is not right, it can help to share your feelings with that impartial, non-judgemental someone, allowing you to clarify your own thoughts and helping you to see a way through.
I have trained and practise as a person centred counsellor because I believe everyone has the potential to reach inside and find their own strength and resources, with a little help . There are times in all of our lives when we feel we need some extra help to cope with life events and struggles. I would like to help you through whatever it is that brings you here. Whether it is work, life events, or you're not sure what is wrong but feel something is not right, it can help to share your feelings with that impartial, non-judgemental someone, allowing you to clarify your own thoughts and helping you to see a way through.
01357 518914 View 01357 518914
Photo of Laura Brown, Counsellor in Paisley, Scotland
Laura Brown
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Paisley PA1
Not accepting new clients
Anxiety? Bereavement? Stress? Panic? Low-self esteem? Social Anxiety? College or Uni Student? Trainee Counsellor? These are areas I often work with & extend a warm welcome to you to my page. I'm Laura, a fully qualified CBT therapist. I can offer you a safe, confidential space to talk, and will build a non-judgemental and empathic relationship with you, taking a mindful walk alongside you, as we explore together what you choose to bring to your counselling sessions, I will collaborate with you and weave helpful tools and skills into your sessions - from CBT, mindfulness, compassion-focused therapy and more.
Anxiety? Bereavement? Stress? Panic? Low-self esteem? Social Anxiety? College or Uni Student? Trainee Counsellor? These are areas I often work with & extend a warm welcome to you to my page. I'm Laura, a fully qualified CBT therapist. I can offer you a safe, confidential space to talk, and will build a non-judgemental and empathic relationship with you, taking a mindful walk alongside you, as we explore together what you choose to bring to your counselling sessions, I will collaborate with you and weave helpful tools and skills into your sessions - from CBT, mindfulness, compassion-focused therapy and more.
0141 673 1818 View 0141 673 1818

See more therapy options for Paisley

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Paisley

30+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Paisley who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
94% Depression
94% Self Esteem
91% Stress
73% Relationship Issues
70% Bereavement
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% AXA PPP
50% Aviva
38% Bupa

How Counsellors in Paisley see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male

FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Paisley?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.