Counselling in Greater Glasgow

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Photo of Susan Dobson, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Susan Dobson
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
If you are reading this it's likely there are things in your life you are struggling with. It may be you've experienced a loss or bereavement, are going through significant changes in your life and struggling to know how to move forward. Perhaps you are finding day to day life challenging, relationships may feel difficult or you may be finding it hard to cope with memories of events which have been traumatic for you. I am an experienced therapist who can provide the space, time and expertise to help you with things that are causing you difficulty. I offer a warm, accepting, respectful relationship in which you can work at your pace.
If you are reading this it's likely there are things in your life you are struggling with. It may be you've experienced a loss or bereavement, are going through significant changes in your life and struggling to know how to move forward. Perhaps you are finding day to day life challenging, relationships may feel difficult or you may be finding it hard to cope with memories of events which have been traumatic for you. I am an experienced therapist who can provide the space, time and expertise to help you with things that are causing you difficulty. I offer a warm, accepting, respectful relationship in which you can work at your pace.
01236 802446 View 01236 802446
Photo of Victoria Rose - RemedEase Wellbeing, MBACP, Counsellor
RemedEase Wellbeing
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Victoria is a CBT therapist with a background in working for a children’s mental health support charity, pregnancy & fertility counselling and also within the creative industries. She is qualified in CBT and applies a compassion focussed approach, working collaboratively with her clients to put their needs at the centre of her practice. She is currently holding sessions in person at The Wellbeing Rooms in Bearsden and also remotely on an online platform called 'Whereby'. She is currently supporting clients with low self esteem, anxiety disorders, depression, grief and anger struggles.
Victoria is a CBT therapist with a background in working for a children’s mental health support charity, pregnancy & fertility counselling and also within the creative industries. She is qualified in CBT and applies a compassion focussed approach, working collaboratively with her clients to put their needs at the centre of her practice. She is currently holding sessions in person at The Wellbeing Rooms in Bearsden and also remotely on an online platform called 'Whereby'. She is currently supporting clients with low self esteem, anxiety disorders, depression, grief and anger struggles.
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Photo of Robert McNeil Geelan
Robert McNeil Geelan
Verified Verified
I am pleased to announce that I am now (dec, 2023) also a Solution-Focussed Hypnotherapist as well as a Certified Master Practitioner of NLP, Mental and Emotional Release Therapy. I am also Certified in Counselling Skills thro COSCA. Currently, I help clients with a range of issues from anxiety, feeling low, emotional regulation and phobias, and also to quit smoking. My journey began after hitting pretty much rock bottom after a co-dependency relationship with a narcissist. My search for answers took me to Canada and USA as well as my beautiful native Scotland.
I am pleased to announce that I am now (dec, 2023) also a Solution-Focussed Hypnotherapist as well as a Certified Master Practitioner of NLP, Mental and Emotional Release Therapy. I am also Certified in Counselling Skills thro COSCA. Currently, I help clients with a range of issues from anxiety, feeling low, emotional regulation and phobias, and also to quit smoking. My journey began after hitting pretty much rock bottom after a co-dependency relationship with a narcissist. My search for answers took me to Canada and USA as well as my beautiful native Scotland.
0141 280 4176 View 0141 280 4176
Photo of Gordon Blair, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Gordon Blair
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sometimes, you might have a lot of anxiety, loneliness, sadness or anger, and you don’t know why or what to do about it. Maybe relationships are difficult. You might feel numb or lacking in confidence or motivation. Your emotions are valid and trying to tell you something. I'm a BACP-registered psychotherapist, and I make use of counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and Attachment Theory to help you if you are experiencing any kind of distress, low mood or impaired functioning. I may be able to help you to reduce symptoms, improve coping methods, and address the root causes.
Sometimes, you might have a lot of anxiety, loneliness, sadness or anger, and you don’t know why or what to do about it. Maybe relationships are difficult. You might feel numb or lacking in confidence or motivation. Your emotions are valid and trying to tell you something. I'm a BACP-registered psychotherapist, and I make use of counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and Attachment Theory to help you if you are experiencing any kind of distress, low mood or impaired functioning. I may be able to help you to reduce symptoms, improve coping methods, and address the root causes.
0141 465 5810 View 0141 465 5810
Photo of Andrew McCann - Speak Breathe Therapy, MA, Psychotherapist
Speak Breathe Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
The client needs to be heard. It’s not always about what the client says, it can sometimes be about what they don’t say. The client is the expert in their live and all I really do as a therapist is show empathy, compassion and hold a passion about sharing their journey and their insights. The needs and goals are there from the start and we work together to achieve them. The needs and goals can also change throughout because we’re human and things change and evolve.
The client needs to be heard. It’s not always about what the client says, it can sometimes be about what they don’t say. The client is the expert in their live and all I really do as a therapist is show empathy, compassion and hold a passion about sharing their journey and their insights. The needs and goals are there from the start and we work together to achieve them. The needs and goals can also change throughout because we’re human and things change and evolve.
0141 465 5531 View 0141 465 5531
Photo of Ellie Morris, BACP, Counsellor
Ellie Morris
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Welcome, I understand how daunting it can be to start counselling. I am an approachable, non-judgemental and compassionate person who can provide a safe space for you to talk. I will work with your individual needs, style of learning in a creative, open, and empathetic environment. I can help you develop coping mechanisms to use after counselling and beyond. I look forward to hearing from you. Ellie
Welcome, I understand how daunting it can be to start counselling. I am an approachable, non-judgemental and compassionate person who can provide a safe space for you to talk. I will work with your individual needs, style of learning in a creative, open, and empathetic environment. I can help you develop coping mechanisms to use after counselling and beyond. I look forward to hearing from you. Ellie
0141 673 2516 View 0141 673 2516
Photo of Michael Hawthorne - Hawthorne Counselling, BACP, Counsellor
Hawthorne Counselling
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Does your addiction highten your anxiety? Do you struggle to be your authentic self? Do you find it difficult to create and maintain meaningful relationships? Are you looking for a therapist that understands being part of the LGBTQI community, has battled their own addiction and understands the importance connection to help personal growth.I will help manage addictive behaviours of any kind collaboratively working with you to find out the root of the addiction and address this so we can tackle the addictive behaviour in question. I'll help you navigate potential lapses and relapses as we establish strategies and build resilience.
Does your addiction highten your anxiety? Do you struggle to be your authentic self? Do you find it difficult to create and maintain meaningful relationships? Are you looking for a therapist that understands being part of the LGBTQI community, has battled their own addiction and understands the importance connection to help personal growth.I will help manage addictive behaviours of any kind collaboratively working with you to find out the root of the addiction and address this so we can tackle the addictive behaviour in question. I'll help you navigate potential lapses and relapses as we establish strategies and build resilience.
0141 673 1971 View 0141 673 1971
Photo of Lenny Roberts-Flanders, MBACP, Counsellor
Lenny Roberts-Flanders
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G20  (Online Only)
Gestalt Therapy looks at the whole person and is holistic in its approach This means that what ever is happening in the person's life they can bring it to counselling and talk things through and work towards creative sustainable solutions and coping strategies. The family systems approach says that the family is more than the sum of its parts. When something affects one member of the group, it can have a resounding impact on every other member of the family. For that same reason, the strength and stability of the family unit can provide balance and support when one family member is experiencing problems.
Gestalt Therapy looks at the whole person and is holistic in its approach This means that what ever is happening in the person's life they can bring it to counselling and talk things through and work towards creative sustainable solutions and coping strategies. The family systems approach says that the family is more than the sum of its parts. When something affects one member of the group, it can have a resounding impact on every other member of the family. For that same reason, the strength and stability of the family unit can provide balance and support when one family member is experiencing problems.
0141 673 4836 View 0141 673 4836
Photo of Rob Mclintock - Rob Mclintock CBT Therapist , BACP, Counsellor
Rob Mclintock CBT Therapist
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Overwhelmed by thoughts and feelings? Do you want to add choice, power and resilience back to your life? My focus on strength based CBT can do this. My practice is solution focused, using evidence based techniques to help manage and treat anxiety, depression, addiction and performance anxiety. My skill is to hold a warm, safe space, where you are able to explore the issue that is stopping you from being as happy as as you'd like on a day to day bases. My biggest aim is to allow you to empower yourself and realise your full potential, that I know you have.
Overwhelmed by thoughts and feelings? Do you want to add choice, power and resilience back to your life? My focus on strength based CBT can do this. My practice is solution focused, using evidence based techniques to help manage and treat anxiety, depression, addiction and performance anxiety. My skill is to hold a warm, safe space, where you are able to explore the issue that is stopping you from being as happy as as you'd like on a day to day bases. My biggest aim is to allow you to empower yourself and realise your full potential, that I know you have.
0141 673 2880 View 0141 673 2880
Photo of Juliet Mugwanda, MBABCP, Counsellor
Juliet Mugwanda
Counsellor, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Are you depressed, and lacking in energy? Are you struggling with constant worry and 'on the edge' as if something awful might happen? Is it repetitive thoughts that will not go away, or poor self-esteem that makes interaction with other people, or engaging in activities too difficult to bear? All these are distressing challenges - possibly stemming from past experiences, big life changes and difficult relationships. Seeking help can be daunting, but you have taken the most important step in addressing these issues. I will provide a safe space and walk alongside you to help you understand yourself better.
Are you depressed, and lacking in energy? Are you struggling with constant worry and 'on the edge' as if something awful might happen? Is it repetitive thoughts that will not go away, or poor self-esteem that makes interaction with other people, or engaging in activities too difficult to bear? All these are distressing challenges - possibly stemming from past experiences, big life changes and difficult relationships. Seeking help can be daunting, but you have taken the most important step in addressing these issues. I will provide a safe space and walk alongside you to help you understand yourself better.
0141 673 2572 View 0141 673 2572
Photo of David Barr, MA, BACP, Counsellor
David Barr
Counsellor, MA, BACP
Verified Verified
Hello, I’m David. A very warm welcome to my page. Life can be really tough and challenging, particularly in these current uncertain times. Our tricky minds are often good at allowing us to become overwhelmed by our thoughts and emotions and this can make us stuck in certain behaviours and struggling to make sense of things. You may find yourself feeling anxious, low in mood or feeling stuck but not sure how to change things. Whatever may be going on for you, it can really help to have someone to talk to impartially to give you the space to talk through your difficulties, gain valuable insights and work towards your goals.
Hello, I’m David. A very warm welcome to my page. Life can be really tough and challenging, particularly in these current uncertain times. Our tricky minds are often good at allowing us to become overwhelmed by our thoughts and emotions and this can make us stuck in certain behaviours and struggling to make sense of things. You may find yourself feeling anxious, low in mood or feeling stuck but not sure how to change things. Whatever may be going on for you, it can really help to have someone to talk to impartially to give you the space to talk through your difficulties, gain valuable insights and work towards your goals.
0141 673 0008 View 0141 673 0008
Photo of Christine Sarah Thomas - C S Thomas Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor
C S Thomas Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Is anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship issues or something else preventing you from living your best life? I use a variety of different therapeutic methods to help you find the answers you're searching for. We will work together to discover what works for you, to help you navigate your way through a sometimes confusing world. I rent a beautiful, therapeutic space from Glasgow Therapy Rooms for in-person appointments as in independent therapist. Please enquire for further details.
Is anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship issues or something else preventing you from living your best life? I use a variety of different therapeutic methods to help you find the answers you're searching for. We will work together to discover what works for you, to help you navigate your way through a sometimes confusing world. I rent a beautiful, therapeutic space from Glasgow Therapy Rooms for in-person appointments as in independent therapist. Please enquire for further details.
01360 606064 View 01360 606064
Photo of Leila Frondigoun, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Leila Frondigoun
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
You may be looking to understand a relationship pattern or explore something that has happened in your life. Perhaps you feel stuck and need to make a change, large or small, but don't know where to start. You may need a space in your life that is just for you. Whatever brings you to therapy, I offer my clients an experience of co-creative therapy in that I will work alongside you to identify your needs and facilitate what needs to happen. We can bring out your internal world and experience it from a different perspective to facilitate catharsis, self expression, self understanding and insight.
You may be looking to understand a relationship pattern or explore something that has happened in your life. Perhaps you feel stuck and need to make a change, large or small, but don't know where to start. You may need a space in your life that is just for you. Whatever brings you to therapy, I offer my clients an experience of co-creative therapy in that I will work alongside you to identify your needs and facilitate what needs to happen. We can bring out your internal world and experience it from a different perspective to facilitate catharsis, self expression, self understanding and insight.
01355 201190 View 01355 201190
Photo of Helen Sanders, MBACP, Counsellor
Helen Sanders
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G14  (Online Only)
My ideal client would be someone wanting to gain self-awareness and insight into themselves. A person who is ready to seek a space for exploration and wants to use it to find out who they are, not what society and other people are telling them they should be, but their authentic voice. The client would want to find greater freedom by exploring the life journey they have been on and what this has meant to them. It's not for me to tell the client what their goals are but for me to provide them with a therapeutic space so they can find out for themselves.
My ideal client would be someone wanting to gain self-awareness and insight into themselves. A person who is ready to seek a space for exploration and wants to use it to find out who they are, not what society and other people are telling them they should be, but their authentic voice. The client would want to find greater freedom by exploring the life journey they have been on and what this has meant to them. It's not for me to tell the client what their goals are but for me to provide them with a therapeutic space so they can find out for themselves.
0117 456 2349 View 0117 456 2349
Photo of Sandra Small, MSc, MCOSCA, Psychotherapist
Sandra Small
Psychotherapist, MSc, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
Sandra wishes to motivate and guide you on a therapeutic journey of cognitive and behavioural transformation. This will self-empower recognition of emotional reactions which can lead to self-defeating behaviours. As a psychotherapist, she tailors treatment plans to meet each client's unique needs, combining CBT, ACT with compassionate focus approaches and mindfulness techniques. These promote self-awareness, emotional regulation and personal growth.
Sandra wishes to motivate and guide you on a therapeutic journey of cognitive and behavioural transformation. This will self-empower recognition of emotional reactions which can lead to self-defeating behaviours. As a psychotherapist, she tailors treatment plans to meet each client's unique needs, combining CBT, ACT with compassionate focus approaches and mindfulness techniques. These promote self-awareness, emotional regulation and personal growth.
01389 315982 View 01389 315982
Photo of Paolo Plotegher, PhD, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Paolo Plotegher
Psychotherapist, PhD, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
In a society where individualism, competition and oppression of what is different are dominant, it is hard to find ways for our lives to unfold in expressive and mutually empowering relationship with fellow humans and more than human beings. The relational issues passed through generations that had a traumatic impact on our upbringing, the difficulties related to changes and challenges we encounter throughout our lives, the fear that comes with the uncertainty of an unpredictable future, can be addressed through therapy so that we can bring more joy, ease and agency into our lives.
In a society where individualism, competition and oppression of what is different are dominant, it is hard to find ways for our lives to unfold in expressive and mutually empowering relationship with fellow humans and more than human beings. The relational issues passed through generations that had a traumatic impact on our upbringing, the difficulties related to changes and challenges we encounter throughout our lives, the fear that comes with the uncertainty of an unpredictable future, can be addressed through therapy so that we can bring more joy, ease and agency into our lives.
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Photo of Jenny Leivo, MCOSCA, Psychotherapist
Jenny Leivo
Psychotherapist, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G3  (Online Only)
Life can be crap at times and you might be feeling stuck and finding it hard to find a way out. You might be feeling anxious, depressed or struggling with self-esteem, having lost belief in yourself. This can be due to things happening around you, big life changes, challenges and trauma experienced in the past, or current relationship difficulties. Together we can start to make sense of what is going on for you. The work I do looks to understand unhelpful thinking and behavioural patterns developed in the past and how they are impacting you in the here and now. When we make sense of the past, we can make sustainable changes today.
Life can be crap at times and you might be feeling stuck and finding it hard to find a way out. You might be feeling anxious, depressed or struggling with self-esteem, having lost belief in yourself. This can be due to things happening around you, big life changes, challenges and trauma experienced in the past, or current relationship difficulties. Together we can start to make sense of what is going on for you. The work I do looks to understand unhelpful thinking and behavioural patterns developed in the past and how they are impacting you in the here and now. When we make sense of the past, we can make sustainable changes today.
0141 473 6967 View 0141 473 6967
Photo of Andrea Webb, PsychD
Andrea Webb
PsychD
Verified Verified
Glasgow G41  (Online Only)
Counselling and CBT psychotherapist. High success rate in outcomes for clients. A professional approach with a warm and caring manner. always putting your needs first. Providing a safe, confidential and non-judgemental environment working together to gain insight into the less conscious aspects of your thinking, behaviour and feelings. I offer focused counselling and psychotherapy where we can work together to explore deeper rooted difficulties which may have built up over time. Working together to gain a new and different perspective.
Counselling and CBT psychotherapist. High success rate in outcomes for clients. A professional approach with a warm and caring manner. always putting your needs first. Providing a safe, confidential and non-judgemental environment working together to gain insight into the less conscious aspects of your thinking, behaviour and feelings. I offer focused counselling and psychotherapy where we can work together to explore deeper rooted difficulties which may have built up over time. Working together to gain a new and different perspective.
0141 471 9093 View 0141 471 9093
Photo of Tricia Mostyn, MSc, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Tricia Mostyn
Counsellor, MSc, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Not accepting new clients
Hi there and welcome to my profile page. Im Tricia I am a qualified counsellor trained in CBT integrated with other models of therapy. Life can be challenging and sometimes we need extra support. We may find it difficult to talk to those close to us for fear of burdening others, being judged, embarrassed, not heard or not understood. Do you feel you want to talk about things in total privacy and confidence? If you feel you are alone in your thoughts, feeling overwhelmed, unable to talk to others around you and would like someone to listen, understand and support you to move forward then get in touch.
Hi there and welcome to my profile page. Im Tricia I am a qualified counsellor trained in CBT integrated with other models of therapy. Life can be challenging and sometimes we need extra support. We may find it difficult to talk to those close to us for fear of burdening others, being judged, embarrassed, not heard or not understood. Do you feel you want to talk about things in total privacy and confidence? If you feel you are alone in your thoughts, feeling overwhelmed, unable to talk to others around you and would like someone to listen, understand and support you to move forward then get in touch.
01355 209698 View 01355 209698
Photo of Jeremy Sachs, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Jeremy Sachs
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hello, My name is Jeremy Sachs and I am an Integrative Psychotherapist. This means I am trained in multiple models of psychological care so I can respond to your needs in a flexible and friendly way. I work with couples, groups and individuals to help them better understand their experience, be that distressing issues from the past or challenges they are currently facing. Feel free to visit my website for free resources and additional information about my practice. www.jeremysachs.com
Hello, My name is Jeremy Sachs and I am an Integrative Psychotherapist. This means I am trained in multiple models of psychological care so I can respond to your needs in a flexible and friendly way. I work with couples, groups and individuals to help them better understand their experience, be that distressing issues from the past or challenges they are currently facing. Feel free to visit my website for free resources and additional information about my practice. www.jeremysachs.com
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See more therapy options for Greater Glasgow

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Greater Glasgow

500+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Greater Glasgow who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
85% Self Esteem
82% Stress
74% Relationship Issues
64% Trauma and PTSD
61% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aviva
56% AXA PPP
54% Vitality

How Counsellors in Greater Glasgow see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Greater Glasgow?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.