Counselling in Girvan

Photo of Kim McAllister - Kim McAllister Counselling , Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Kim McAllister Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Girvan KA26
Kim McAllister MSc, BSc (Hons), Dip.Couns, MNCPS (Accred), CYPT, MBACP, GMBPsS is a fully accredited psychotherapist offering compassionate, person-centred therapy for children, young people, and adults. Based in rural Scotland, she draws on experience in private practice, schools, and charities. Kim specialises in neurodivergence, anxiety, and life transitions including menopause. Awarded Child Counsellor of the Year, she uses talking and play therapies to create a warm, inclusive space where clients feel heard and supported.
Kim McAllister MSc, BSc (Hons), Dip.Couns, MNCPS (Accred), CYPT, MBACP, GMBPsS is a fully accredited psychotherapist offering compassionate, person-centred therapy for children, young people, and adults. Based in rural Scotland, she draws on experience in private practice, schools, and charities. Kim specialises in neurodivergence, anxiety, and life transitions including menopause. Awarded Child Counsellor of the Year, she uses talking and play therapies to create a warm, inclusive space where clients feel heard and supported.
01253 835140 View 01253 835140
Photo of Lucy Perkins - Lucy Perkins Counselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Lucy Perkins Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
A very warm welcome to you. I work with a person centred approach, ensuring our sessions feel right for you as a unique individual. My style of counselling is non-directive, relaxed and inclusive, which means our work together is designed around what you want and need. The work is supportive and respectful as we go at your pace and my aim is to get alongside you on your path, helping you explore your world to find understanding, clarity or solution. Sessions are centered around you and how you experience yourself and the world around you. You are free to come as you are and be accepted, as you are.
A very warm welcome to you. I work with a person centred approach, ensuring our sessions feel right for you as a unique individual. My style of counselling is non-directive, relaxed and inclusive, which means our work together is designed around what you want and need. The work is supportive and respectful as we go at your pace and my aim is to get alongside you on your path, helping you explore your world to find understanding, clarity or solution. Sessions are centered around you and how you experience yourself and the world around you. You are free to come as you are and be accepted, as you are.
01392 690513 View 01392 690513

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Annfreda Corsar - Reflections Counselling Services, MSc
Reflections Counselling Services
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
From time to time, life (experiences and circumstances) throws us off-course. Many a times, we can resolve the problems independently, however, sometimes we find ourselves struggling with a whole host of emotions that can make us feel trapped, sad, confused, hopeless or helpless thereby rendering us unable and/or incapable of managing out day to day lives.
From time to time, life (experiences and circumstances) throws us off-course. Many a times, we can resolve the problems independently, however, sometimes we find ourselves struggling with a whole host of emotions that can make us feel trapped, sad, confused, hopeless or helpless thereby rendering us unable and/or incapable of managing out day to day lives.
01563 591829 View 01563 591829
Photo of Lorraine Fitzsimmons, Counsellor, MBACP
Lorraine Fitzsimmons
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Irvine KA11
Each person is unique and are THEE experts in their own life, but sometimes when faced with particular challenges, fears, or difficulties including, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions (e.g new parents or menopause), or relationship problems, it can often feel that no matter how hard you've tried, you're unable to find resolutions or solutions to the issues being faced. You feel overwhelmed, isolated, unheard and, STUCK. It doesn't have to be that way and I can help. You will be heard and I'm here for you. I'll support you to explore, address, and overcome the challenges negatively impacting your wellbeing.
Each person is unique and are THEE experts in their own life, but sometimes when faced with particular challenges, fears, or difficulties including, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions (e.g new parents or menopause), or relationship problems, it can often feel that no matter how hard you've tried, you're unable to find resolutions or solutions to the issues being faced. You feel overwhelmed, isolated, unheard and, STUCK. It doesn't have to be that way and I can help. You will be heard and I'm here for you. I'll support you to explore, address, and overcome the challenges negatively impacting your wellbeing.
01294 445380 View 01294 445380
Photo of Raj Sandhu Chima, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Raj Sandhu Chima
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and a very warm welcome to you! We all experience times in our life when we feel stuck, overwhelmed, lacking in direction or purpose ... and it's at times like these when we might seek support in facing these challenges and making positive change. I thoroughly enjoy supporting individuals and groups through challenging periods. I have been in a supportive role for over 20 years, my passion is for people. I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and work with a blend of evidence-based modalities.
Hello and a very warm welcome to you! We all experience times in our life when we feel stuck, overwhelmed, lacking in direction or purpose ... and it's at times like these when we might seek support in facing these challenges and making positive change. I thoroughly enjoy supporting individuals and groups through challenging periods. I have been in a supportive role for over 20 years, my passion is for people. I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and work with a blend of evidence-based modalities.
01563 597371 View 01563 597371
Photo of Vicky Gordon, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Vicky Gordon
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
My name is Vicky and I am a fully accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. (BABCP) I am available to help you to understand and work through your difficulties. CBT is an evidence based practice and effective in treating problems such as depression, low confidence, panic, stress, obsessional problems, phobias, PTSD, health anxieties and excessive worry. My aim is to help you to understand your problems better and to assist you to learn and practice using proven techniques which can reduce distress so that you can lead a life with a greater sense of enjoyment and fulfilment.
My name is Vicky and I am a fully accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. (BABCP) I am available to help you to understand and work through your difficulties. CBT is an evidence based practice and effective in treating problems such as depression, low confidence, panic, stress, obsessional problems, phobias, PTSD, health anxieties and excessive worry. My aim is to help you to understand your problems better and to assist you to learn and practice using proven techniques which can reduce distress so that you can lead a life with a greater sense of enjoyment and fulfilment.
01563 597200 View 01563 597200
Photo of Dr Craig Dunn, Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Craig Dunn
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello and thank you for looking into my profile. It can be challenging finding the right therapist amidst a sea of warm faces and shiny profiles full of experience. However, I firmly believe that like any relationship, the therapeutic one needs to feel like a 'good fit' too. This outlook forms the ethos of my therapy practice as a counselling psychologist where I work in collaboration with a client to bring change through the healing properties of a relationship. At present, I am supporting clients to understand patterns of behaviours from early life that might be impacting adversely on contentment and relationships.
Hello and thank you for looking into my profile. It can be challenging finding the right therapist amidst a sea of warm faces and shiny profiles full of experience. However, I firmly believe that like any relationship, the therapeutic one needs to feel like a 'good fit' too. This outlook forms the ethos of my therapy practice as a counselling psychologist where I work in collaboration with a client to bring change through the healing properties of a relationship. At present, I am supporting clients to understand patterns of behaviours from early life that might be impacting adversely on contentment and relationships.
0141 673 0100 View 0141 673 0100
Photo of Despina Andreou, Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Despina Andreou
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Serves Area
Hello, I'm glad you've taken this step towards exploring support, and I want to assure you that you're not alone on this journey. My name is Despina, and I'm here to listen, understand, and walk alongside you as you navigate whatever challenges you may be facing. In our time together, I hope to create a safe and compassionate space where you can express yourself freely, without judgment. Whether you're dealing with stress, anxiety, relationship concerns, or simply seeking a deeper understanding of yourself, I'm here to support you with empathy and respect.
Hello, I'm glad you've taken this step towards exploring support, and I want to assure you that you're not alone on this journey. My name is Despina, and I'm here to listen, understand, and walk alongside you as you navigate whatever challenges you may be facing. In our time together, I hope to create a safe and compassionate space where you can express yourself freely, without judgment. Whether you're dealing with stress, anxiety, relationship concerns, or simply seeking a deeper understanding of yourself, I'm here to support you with empathy and respect.
0141 673 0387 View 0141 673 0387
Photo of Vicky Paterson, Counsellor, BACP
Vicky Paterson
Counsellor, BACP
3 Endorsed
Irvine KA12
At various points in our lives, we all encounter moments of feeling stuck, overwhelmed, directionless, or adrift. When life becomes too much to handle, finding a way forward can seem daunting. You might have resigned yourself to thinking, "This is just how things are now," but the good news is that it doesn't have to be that way, and I'm here to assist you. I am a qualified cognitive behavioural therapist. I provide a confidential and non-judgmental environment where I assist you in addressing and overcoming any challenges, fears, or difficulties that may be causing distress and negatively impacting your overall wellbeing. I'm here
At various points in our lives, we all encounter moments of feeling stuck, overwhelmed, directionless, or adrift. When life becomes too much to handle, finding a way forward can seem daunting. You might have resigned yourself to thinking, "This is just how things are now," but the good news is that it doesn't have to be that way, and I'm here to assist you. I am a qualified cognitive behavioural therapist. I provide a confidential and non-judgmental environment where I assist you in addressing and overcoming any challenges, fears, or difficulties that may be causing distress and negatively impacting your overall wellbeing. I'm here
07947 819647 View 07947 819647
Photo of Alan Mclauchlan
Alan Mclauchlan
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ayr KA8
Hi, my name is Alan . I am a qualified cognitive behaviour therapist . As people we all struggle with stress, anxiety and trauma from time to time and need support to help us to work through our issues and move on with our lives . I will work with you in a person centred manner , with the use of cognitive behaviour therapy . I will introduce you to CBT interventions to assist you to achieve your own personal goal and become more confident in your future .As a therapist I am able to support you at a level and pace that is beneficial to you and allows you the opportunity to move forward .
Hi, my name is Alan . I am a qualified cognitive behaviour therapist . As people we all struggle with stress, anxiety and trauma from time to time and need support to help us to work through our issues and move on with our lives . I will work with you in a person centred manner , with the use of cognitive behaviour therapy . I will introduce you to CBT interventions to assist you to achieve your own personal goal and become more confident in your future .As a therapist I am able to support you at a level and pace that is beneficial to you and allows you the opportunity to move forward .
01292 439732 View 01292 439732
Photo of Andrew Paine, Counsellor, MBACP
Andrew Paine
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Troon KA10
Perhaps you're feeling a little stuck or unsure about things at the moment. Perhaps life is a bit overwhelming. There may be a sense that something needs to be addressed but you can't quite articulate it. Perhaps you've considered therapy in the past; you're not sure what it's like or if it's really for you, but maybe you're feeling curious enough to find out? I consider therapy to be a gift: something we can give ourselves: a space where you can talk about the things which are important to you in order to understand your situation and facilitate positive change.
Perhaps you're feeling a little stuck or unsure about things at the moment. Perhaps life is a bit overwhelming. There may be a sense that something needs to be addressed but you can't quite articulate it. Perhaps you've considered therapy in the past; you're not sure what it's like or if it's really for you, but maybe you're feeling curious enough to find out? I consider therapy to be a gift: something we can give ourselves: a space where you can talk about the things which are important to you in order to understand your situation and facilitate positive change.
01563 591723 View 01563 591723
Photo of Colin James Mitchell - Connected Health and Wellbeing, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Connected Health and Wellbeing
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Ayr KA8
Connected Health and Wellbeing is a caring therapist-led network of accredited psychotherapists, counsellors, and trainers committed to supporting emotional and mental wellbeing. Our directors, Colin and Anne, are experienced psychotherapists, supervisors, and trainers who understand that reaching out for support can feel daunting. They aim to make the process as welcoming and tailored as possible. Your first contact will be with Anne or Colin, who will listen to your needs and match you with the ideal practitioner in our network. If you’re ready to take a step toward growth and healing, we’re here to support you.
Connected Health and Wellbeing is a caring therapist-led network of accredited psychotherapists, counsellors, and trainers committed to supporting emotional and mental wellbeing. Our directors, Colin and Anne, are experienced psychotherapists, supervisors, and trainers who understand that reaching out for support can feel daunting. They aim to make the process as welcoming and tailored as possible. Your first contact will be with Anne or Colin, who will listen to your needs and match you with the ideal practitioner in our network. If you’re ready to take a step toward growth and healing, we’re here to support you.
01292 282305 View 01292 282305
Photo of Gemma Holmes, Psychologist, MSc, CPsychol
Gemma Holmes
Psychologist, MSc, CPsychol
Ayr KA7
HCPC Registered & Chartered Psychologist with British Psychological Society (BPS). Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and a qualified Eye Movement Desensitising and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapist. I offer specialist ADHD & Autism (ASD) assessment, psychological therapy and consultancy from my practices in Ayr, Glasgow and Edinburgh. I have over 20 years experience of working in mental health with a wide range of client groups and I am trained across several therapeutic modalities.
HCPC Registered & Chartered Psychologist with British Psychological Society (BPS). Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and a qualified Eye Movement Desensitising and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapist. I offer specialist ADHD & Autism (ASD) assessment, psychological therapy and consultancy from my practices in Ayr, Glasgow and Edinburgh. I have over 20 years experience of working in mental health with a wide range of client groups and I am trained across several therapeutic modalities.
01292 433159 View 01292 433159
Photo of Steven Robert Foley, Counsellor
Steven Robert Foley
Counsellor
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
With therapy, you get out what you put into the process. Beginning your therapy journey can be intimidating, but you can expect support and encouragement throughout. I never expect my clients to attempt anything that is unrealistic and in return I hope that they will try to push themselves to grow and heal. At the end of the day, therapy about us working together to find out how to improve your life.
With therapy, you get out what you put into the process. Beginning your therapy journey can be intimidating, but you can expect support and encouragement throughout. I never expect my clients to attempt anything that is unrealistic and in return I hope that they will try to push themselves to grow and heal. At the end of the day, therapy about us working together to find out how to improve your life.
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Photo of Elaina Reilly, Counsellor, MBACP
Elaina Reilly
Counsellor, MBACP
Irvine KA12
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is understand your own story. I want to help you experience yourself in new ways. Supporting you in achieving any life changes you are looking for, and enjoying the process along the way. I’m committed to supporting you, and your needs. I offer a calm, safe, space with an empathetic and non-judgmental approach. I can help you identify, challenge and overcome any unhelpful coping mechanisms , and negative thought patterns, reducing conflict in your life, and exploring your deeper self. I believe in taking a highly collaborative approach to helping you identify and reach your goals.
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is understand your own story. I want to help you experience yourself in new ways. Supporting you in achieving any life changes you are looking for, and enjoying the process along the way. I’m committed to supporting you, and your needs. I offer a calm, safe, space with an empathetic and non-judgmental approach. I can help you identify, challenge and overcome any unhelpful coping mechanisms , and negative thought patterns, reducing conflict in your life, and exploring your deeper self. I believe in taking a highly collaborative approach to helping you identify and reach your goals.
01294 445384 View 01294 445384
Photo of Dr Richard Golsworthy, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Richard Golsworthy
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Online Only
Hello and welcome. If you are reading this, you are likely feeling in a stuck, difficult or distressing place in your life. We all bring a unique history and mind-set to the life difficulties we encounter. These will have given us strengths to help manage problems, but can also keep us trapped. I think of my specialism as 'stuckness' - whether in emotions, thinking, relationships or unhelpful behaviours - which is often expressed in terms such as: anxiety, depression, stress, fear, trauma, low self-esteem, sleep problems, bulimia and binge eating, adjustment to loss, illness & major life changes.
Hello and welcome. If you are reading this, you are likely feeling in a stuck, difficult or distressing place in your life. We all bring a unique history and mind-set to the life difficulties we encounter. These will have given us strengths to help manage problems, but can also keep us trapped. I think of my specialism as 'stuckness' - whether in emotions, thinking, relationships or unhelpful behaviours - which is often expressed in terms such as: anxiety, depression, stress, fear, trauma, low self-esteem, sleep problems, bulimia and binge eating, adjustment to loss, illness & major life changes.
0141 280 4485 View 0141 280 4485
Photo of Isobel Milne, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Isobel Milne
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
As an integrative counsellor I take a flexible approach to your therapy needs; be they goal-led, strategic, meditative, creative - or all of these. I work one-to-one and with small groups - at your home, work or social setting - and by telephone.
As an integrative counsellor I take a flexible approach to your therapy needs; be they goal-led, strategic, meditative, creative - or all of these. I work one-to-one and with small groups - at your home, work or social setting - and by telephone.
07876 441833 View 07876 441833
Photo of May Smith - May Smith - Calm Counselling Service , Counsellor, MBACP
I am a qualified counsellor, registered with BACP. My training specialises in supporting children and adolescents, with which I have extensive experience, in particularly in trauma; having provided counselling sessions, in both Primary and Secondary Schools for over ten years. I am empathic and accepting of all. No young person should have to go it alone. Every behaviour is a form of communication, often of an unmet need. When we meet that need, the behaviours can change. Early intervention through counselling support, can help the young person make sense of what is going on in their minds, bodies and lives.
I am a qualified counsellor, registered with BACP. My training specialises in supporting children and adolescents, with which I have extensive experience, in particularly in trauma; having provided counselling sessions, in both Primary and Secondary Schools for over ten years. I am empathic and accepting of all. No young person should have to go it alone. Every behaviour is a form of communication, often of an unmet need. When we meet that need, the behaviours can change. Early intervention through counselling support, can help the young person make sense of what is going on in their minds, bodies and lives.
01294 445315 View 01294 445315
Photo of Zoe Fridd, Counsellor, MSc, GMBPsS
Zoe Fridd
Counsellor, MSc, GMBPsS
Ardrossan KA22
Welcome. I started my training in 2003 and completed a Bsc in Psychology. I gained a Msc in Health Psychology specifically focussing on behaviour change and health related counselling. My PGD was in Counselling Psychology with the British Psychological Society. I predominantly worked in trauma, addiction and mental health. Currently working for a service providing counselling for family conflict, attachment disorder and trauma for both adults and children. Privately I work with clients with a variety of mental health issues, self harm, eating disorders, trauma, anxiety/depression and relationship issues.
Welcome. I started my training in 2003 and completed a Bsc in Psychology. I gained a Msc in Health Psychology specifically focussing on behaviour change and health related counselling. My PGD was in Counselling Psychology with the British Psychological Society. I predominantly worked in trauma, addiction and mental health. Currently working for a service providing counselling for family conflict, attachment disorder and trauma for both adults and children. Privately I work with clients with a variety of mental health issues, self harm, eating disorders, trauma, anxiety/depression and relationship issues.
01294 442411 View 01294 442411
Photo of Dr Corinne Tatem, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Corinne Tatem
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Online Only
Life can be messy, and when challenges come our way we can easily become overwhelmed. Sometimes we need a safe, confidential space to air out our thoughts to figure things out. If you are looking at my profile, it may be that you are experiencing some struggles. I believe that our unique contexts and past experiences come together to tell the story of who we are and the things that we struggle with. I use my warm and compassionate stance to help people feel at ease to explore mental health difficulties and life’s challenges to bring about meaningful change and encourage resilience.
Life can be messy, and when challenges come our way we can easily become overwhelmed. Sometimes we need a safe, confidential space to air out our thoughts to figure things out. If you are looking at my profile, it may be that you are experiencing some struggles. I believe that our unique contexts and past experiences come together to tell the story of who we are and the things that we struggle with. I use my warm and compassionate stance to help people feel at ease to explore mental health difficulties and life’s challenges to bring about meaningful change and encourage resilience.
01294 446772 View 01294 446772

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Girvan

< 10

Counsellors in Girvan who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Eating Disorders
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Other
100% Behavioural Issues
100% Emotional Disturbance

Average years in practice

7 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Girvan see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Girvan?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.