Counselling in Falkirk

Photo of Heather Macpherson, MA
Heather Macpherson
Verified Verified
Falkirk FK1
Life can be hard and does not always run to plan. As a therapist I am grounded and skilled in CBT but operate with an open, flexible, and collaborative mindset. My primary commitment is to finding what works best for the individual person, which may involve using CBT exclusively, integrating elements from other approaches alongside CBT. People are all different and perceive the world and their surrounding differently. I would work with you to explore how you view the world and the changes you feel you need to make. You create the goals and I will help you master the tools to achieve them.
Life can be hard and does not always run to plan. As a therapist I am grounded and skilled in CBT but operate with an open, flexible, and collaborative mindset. My primary commitment is to finding what works best for the individual person, which may involve using CBT exclusively, integrating elements from other approaches alongside CBT. People are all different and perceive the world and their surrounding differently. I would work with you to explore how you view the world and the changes you feel you need to make. You create the goals and I will help you master the tools to achieve them.
01324 465403 View 01324 465403
Photo of Clare Williamina Foster, MSc
Clare Williamina Foster
Verified Verified
Falkirk FK1
Hi There, Im Clare, I am a qualified psychotherapist and have been working in the counselling field since 2015, I understand all too well what life circumstances can bring people into the counselling room. It can be a very hard decision to make to come to therapy as the process can be emotional. I offer safe and confidential counselling with an integrative approach that really works well with life issues. Taking the first step to come into counselling is often the hardest part, I would love to work with you through whatever life situation you may be facing or have experienced.
Hi There, Im Clare, I am a qualified psychotherapist and have been working in the counselling field since 2015, I understand all too well what life circumstances can bring people into the counselling room. It can be a very hard decision to make to come to therapy as the process can be emotional. I offer safe and confidential counselling with an integrative approach that really works well with life issues. Taking the first step to come into counselling is often the hardest part, I would love to work with you through whatever life situation you may be facing or have experienced.
07480 487107 View 07480 487107
Photo of Cheryl Young, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Cheryl Young
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Falkirk FK1
My approach to CBT is humanistic, it is blended, which I believe allows for a custom treatment plan to suit your needs, your goal, address your issues and leaving therapy with a wide range of new tools and coping mechanisms. As well as CBT, I bring elements of Compassion Focused Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as well as Art Therapy. My experience allows me to support adults, young people and children struggling with all types anxiety and depressive disorders, including, social anxiety, health anxiety, low self esteem, OCD, Bi Polar, Borderline Personality Disorder and grief.
My approach to CBT is humanistic, it is blended, which I believe allows for a custom treatment plan to suit your needs, your goal, address your issues and leaving therapy with a wide range of new tools and coping mechanisms. As well as CBT, I bring elements of Compassion Focused Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as well as Art Therapy. My experience allows me to support adults, young people and children struggling with all types anxiety and depressive disorders, including, social anxiety, health anxiety, low self esteem, OCD, Bi Polar, Borderline Personality Disorder and grief.
01786 649914 View 01786 649914
Photo of Brenda Fleming - Counselling for you, Counsellor, MBACP
Counselling for you
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
If you are reading this statement then you are considering counselling for either you or someone close. Sometimes we all need help with coping with life either with past or present issues. These issues and how we currently manage them can prevent us from moving forward. They can also make us feel not too good about ourselves, others and the world. They can impact on our day to day life and relationships. My role is to work with you to create a balance in your life to enable you to move forward. I am also a qualified brain spotting therapist. This is a talk therapy that reveals unprocessed traumas through the use of the visual field.
If you are reading this statement then you are considering counselling for either you or someone close. Sometimes we all need help with coping with life either with past or present issues. These issues and how we currently manage them can prevent us from moving forward. They can also make us feel not too good about ourselves, others and the world. They can impact on our day to day life and relationships. My role is to work with you to create a balance in your life to enable you to move forward. I am also a qualified brain spotting therapist. This is a talk therapy that reveals unprocessed traumas through the use of the visual field.
01324 374528 View 01324 374528
Photo of Shane Ford, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Shane Ford
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Falkirk FK2
Life happens. And as much as we would prefer to continue our journey on the pursuit of happiness or success, we often fall short of these goals. Our blueprint for life doesn't always go to plan. Usually, it's through no fault of our own. We try as hard as we can to help ourselves through the pain but sometimes these strategies become unworkable too. Does it ever feel this way for you?
Life happens. And as much as we would prefer to continue our journey on the pursuit of happiness or success, we often fall short of these goals. Our blueprint for life doesn't always go to plan. Usually, it's through no fault of our own. We try as hard as we can to help ourselves through the pain but sometimes these strategies become unworkable too. Does it ever feel this way for you?
01324 461960 View 01324 461960
Photo of Susan Waithira Gregor, Counsellor
Susan Waithira Gregor
Counsellor
3 Endorsed
Falkirk FK2
As a dedicated therapist, I understand that each individual's journey is unique and deeply personal. Regardless of the challenges you face, your needs, or your goals, I am committed to working alongside you to achieve the outcomes you desire. My approach is empathetic, client-centred, and tailored to meet your specific needs. Together, we will explore your concerns, develop effective strategies, and foster a path toward healing and growth. Your well-being is my priority, and I am here to support you every step of the way. Let's embark on this journey together, with trust and collaboration.
As a dedicated therapist, I understand that each individual's journey is unique and deeply personal. Regardless of the challenges you face, your needs, or your goals, I am committed to working alongside you to achieve the outcomes you desire. My approach is empathetic, client-centred, and tailored to meet your specific needs. Together, we will explore your concerns, develop effective strategies, and foster a path toward healing and growth. Your well-being is my priority, and I am here to support you every step of the way. Let's embark on this journey together, with trust and collaboration.
01324 374443 View 01324 374443
Photo of Elaine Margaret Turtle, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Elaine Margaret Turtle
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Falkirk FK1
Hello, my name is Dr Elaine Turtle. I set up my private practice 8 years ago as I saw that there was a need to make therapy easier to access for those seeking support. Beginning your journey can be difficult and stressful. I have therefore taken time to create a safe space for you to feel able to talk to me about your troubles. I work at your pace and a first session will explore what your concerns are and what you wish to gain from therapy. Together we create a unique plan that is focussed on your needs/outcomes. I have training in various therapy methods/approaches and will talk you through which ones would benefit you.
Hello, my name is Dr Elaine Turtle. I set up my private practice 8 years ago as I saw that there was a need to make therapy easier to access for those seeking support. Beginning your journey can be difficult and stressful. I have therefore taken time to create a safe space for you to feel able to talk to me about your troubles. I work at your pace and a first session will explore what your concerns are and what you wish to gain from therapy. Together we create a unique plan that is focussed on your needs/outcomes. I have training in various therapy methods/approaches and will talk you through which ones would benefit you.
01324 461804 View 01324 461804
Photo of Wendy Sneddon, Counsellor, MBACP
Wendy Sneddon
Counsellor, MBACP
Falkirk FK2
There are moments in many people's lives when external events can feel overwhelming. You may be feeling low and unhappy yet not able to understand why. You may have experienced a bereavement or a life changing event in your life and just need space to talk. I will actively listen, reflect and provide a supportive, caring and non-judgemental space to enable you to collect your thoughts and talk about anything that is troubling you. The sessions will give you space and time to think about yourself and your needs.
There are moments in many people's lives when external events can feel overwhelming. You may be feeling low and unhappy yet not able to understand why. You may have experienced a bereavement or a life changing event in your life and just need space to talk. I will actively listen, reflect and provide a supportive, caring and non-judgemental space to enable you to collect your thoughts and talk about anything that is troubling you. The sessions will give you space and time to think about yourself and your needs.
01324 468293 View 01324 468293
Photo of Teresa Johnston, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Teresa Johnston
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Falkirk FK1
I offer a calm, compassionate space where you can feel seen, heard, and understood. Building trust is central to my approach, and I do this through warmth, honesty, and steady presence. I listen without judgement and move at your pace, allowing our work to unfold naturally. Together, we explore your experiences, thoughts, and emotions with curiosity and care. My intention is to help you feel safe enough to be open and real, so genuine healing and self-understanding can emerge. Whether online or in person, you are welcome exactly as you are.
I offer a calm, compassionate space where you can feel seen, heard, and understood. Building trust is central to my approach, and I do this through warmth, honesty, and steady presence. I listen without judgement and move at your pace, allowing our work to unfold naturally. Together, we explore your experiences, thoughts, and emotions with curiosity and care. My intention is to help you feel safe enough to be open and real, so genuine healing and self-understanding can emerge. Whether online or in person, you are welcome exactly as you are.
01324 462072 View 01324 462072
Photo of Marion Laird, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Marion Laird
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Falkirk FK1
Your relationships affect the way you feel and difficulties can make you very unhappy, hurt and angry. One in five say their relationship is in distress. Some reasons people give are - emotional pain and distress, feeling unloved, conflict, infidelity, sex, different outlooks, children, career, addiction or family relationships. Communication, is often cited as at the heart of a distressed relationship, each of us thinks we are clear about telling our loved ones what is going on for us and we get frustrated when they just ‘don’t hear us’. It can all be very confusing and difficult to resolve.
Your relationships affect the way you feel and difficulties can make you very unhappy, hurt and angry. One in five say their relationship is in distress. Some reasons people give are - emotional pain and distress, feeling unloved, conflict, infidelity, sex, different outlooks, children, career, addiction or family relationships. Communication, is often cited as at the heart of a distressed relationship, each of us thinks we are clear about telling our loved ones what is going on for us and we get frustrated when they just ‘don’t hear us’. It can all be very confusing and difficult to resolve.
01324 804408 View 01324 804408
Photo of Rebecca Connelly - Rebecca Connelly Counselling , Counsellor, MBACP
I work with people to help them make sense of their emotions and process their experiences through therapy. I work with people who have had challenging childhoods, family relationships and work lives, or have experienced abuse and trauma. My work includes deeply understanding life changing experiences of loss, bereavement, anxiety and depression. I also work with people who feel that they might need counselling but are unsure about the causes and maintenances of their feelings and behaviours. Life is varied and complex- your reasons for coming to counselling might be too.
I work with people to help them make sense of their emotions and process their experiences through therapy. I work with people who have had challenging childhoods, family relationships and work lives, or have experienced abuse and trauma. My work includes deeply understanding life changing experiences of loss, bereavement, anxiety and depression. I also work with people who feel that they might need counselling but are unsure about the causes and maintenances of their feelings and behaviours. Life is varied and complex- your reasons for coming to counselling might be too.
01324 374336 View 01324 374336
Photo of Heather M Hutchison - HMH Therapy
HMH Therapy
Verified Verified
Falkirk FK1
Hi my name is Heather Hutchison of HMH Therapy and I am an experienced Hypnotherapist, Supervisor and Trainer. My areas of specialisms are Anxiety and/or Depression as well treating the more traditional hypnotherapy areas such as smoking cessation, habit breaks and weight management. I work with both adults and children from the age of 7 years upwards using a client centred approached. I hold an enhanced full disclosure certificate enabling me to work with children and vulnerable adults.
Hi my name is Heather Hutchison of HMH Therapy and I am an experienced Hypnotherapist, Supervisor and Trainer. My areas of specialisms are Anxiety and/or Depression as well treating the more traditional hypnotherapy areas such as smoking cessation, habit breaks and weight management. I work with both adults and children from the age of 7 years upwards using a client centred approached. I hold an enhanced full disclosure certificate enabling me to work with children and vulnerable adults.
01324 468294 View 01324 468294
Photo of Antonia Higgins, Counsellor, MBACP
Antonia Higgins
Counsellor, MBACP
Falkirk FK2
I offer face-to-face counselling from my therapy room in Falkirk and online video counselling. I work with adults of all genders individually, and with couples or small groups for relationship counselling. Counselling can have a positive impact in helping you deal with many issues including abuse, anxiety, bullying, confidence, depression, domestic abuse, relationship and family issues, grief and loss, personal boundaries, self-harming behaviours, trauma and work-related problems.
I offer face-to-face counselling from my therapy room in Falkirk and online video counselling. I work with adults of all genders individually, and with couples or small groups for relationship counselling. Counselling can have a positive impact in helping you deal with many issues including abuse, anxiety, bullying, confidence, depression, domestic abuse, relationship and family issues, grief and loss, personal boundaries, self-harming behaviours, trauma and work-related problems.
01324 430080 View 01324 430080
Photo of Mark Rae - mettatherapy, Counsellor, MCOSCA
mettatherapy
Counsellor, MCOSCA
2 Endorsed
Falkirk FK1
I am an Integrative Therapist with over 20+ years of practice experience, qualifying in 2002. I have continually added to my professional training and qualifications throughout my career. In addition to 'in person' and 'online' Integrative Therapy, I also provide Clinical Hypnosis as well as Outdoor Therapy. There is no additional cost to combine Integrative Therapy with Clinical Hypnosis. Clients are free to select stand-alone therapeutic services; and/or to combine them. It is always led by client choice. Over the years, I've noticed therapy is most effective with clients willing to work between sessions as well as in sessions.
I am an Integrative Therapist with over 20+ years of practice experience, qualifying in 2002. I have continually added to my professional training and qualifications throughout my career. In addition to 'in person' and 'online' Integrative Therapy, I also provide Clinical Hypnosis as well as Outdoor Therapy. There is no additional cost to combine Integrative Therapy with Clinical Hypnosis. Clients are free to select stand-alone therapeutic services; and/or to combine them. It is always led by client choice. Over the years, I've noticed therapy is most effective with clients willing to work between sessions as well as in sessions.
01324 461772 View 01324 461772
Photo of Dr Johanna Lind, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Johanna Lind
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Falkirk FK1
Hi, my name is Johanna and I am a HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with 9+ years experience working within mental health settings. My main interests lie in working with complex trauma, emotional dysregulation, low self-esteem, and stress and burnout. I am passionate about supporting people with their mental health and I am interested in hearing what brought you to where you are today. Through exploring your current difficulties that make it feel like you are stuck, we can work together to help you move forward in your life, taking into account your goals, needs, and wants for therapy.
Hi, my name is Johanna and I am a HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with 9+ years experience working within mental health settings. My main interests lie in working with complex trauma, emotional dysregulation, low self-esteem, and stress and burnout. I am passionate about supporting people with their mental health and I am interested in hearing what brought you to where you are today. Through exploring your current difficulties that make it feel like you are stuck, we can work together to help you move forward in your life, taking into account your goals, needs, and wants for therapy.
0131 381 1702 View 0131 381 1702
Photo of Debbie Black - Solace CBT & Counselling, Counsellor, BACP
Solace CBT & Counselling
Counsellor, BACP
Falkirk FK1
“vulnerability is not weakness, it is our greatest measure of courage” Brene Brown. You might know what your goals for therapy are or you may be feeling overwhelmed and confused about where to even begin. As an experienced Cognitive Behavioural Therapist I can offer you a safe space to explore your difficulties in confidence; to identify how you would like things to be and work with you to find your own way forward. Although my approach is primarily CBT based I work in a trauma informed way, drawing upon a variety of therapeutic approaches learned throughout my professional development.
“vulnerability is not weakness, it is our greatest measure of courage” Brene Brown. You might know what your goals for therapy are or you may be feeling overwhelmed and confused about where to even begin. As an experienced Cognitive Behavioural Therapist I can offer you a safe space to explore your difficulties in confidence; to identify how you would like things to be and work with you to find your own way forward. Although my approach is primarily CBT based I work in a trauma informed way, drawing upon a variety of therapeutic approaches learned throughout my professional development.
01324 462083 View 01324 462083
Photo of Stephen Balfour, Counsellor, MBACP
Stephen Balfour
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can be difficult and painful at times and we could all benefit from a safe space to make sense of and process difficult emotions, develop our resilience and coping strategies. I am a qualified CBT Counsellor and predominantly work with clients using a CBT based approach but can also call upon skills and experience I have gained through additional training in clinical hypnotherapy, life coaching and person-centred counselling.
Life can be difficult and painful at times and we could all benefit from a safe space to make sense of and process difficult emotions, develop our resilience and coping strategies. I am a qualified CBT Counsellor and predominantly work with clients using a CBT based approach but can also call upon skills and experience I have gained through additional training in clinical hypnotherapy, life coaching and person-centred counselling.
01259 235995 View 01259 235995
Photo of Dr Derek Robertson, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Derek Robertson
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have over 8 years experience in providing psychological therapy and can provide Person Centred Therapy, CBT, ACT, Non-Violent Communication, Systemic Therapy, Hypnosis, EMDR and use various other psychological tools and aspects of different therapies as required. This is all provided within a humanistic framework valuing your uniqueness and strengths, within a therapeutic relationship emphasising respect, warmth and compassion. Within therapy this means empowering you and working as a team with equal power where you are always in control of the work and your are kept fully informed.
I have over 8 years experience in providing psychological therapy and can provide Person Centred Therapy, CBT, ACT, Non-Violent Communication, Systemic Therapy, Hypnosis, EMDR and use various other psychological tools and aspects of different therapies as required. This is all provided within a humanistic framework valuing your uniqueness and strengths, within a therapeutic relationship emphasising respect, warmth and compassion. Within therapy this means empowering you and working as a team with equal power where you are always in control of the work and your are kept fully informed.
01786 649317 View 01786 649317
Photo of Margaret Rose Gibson, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Margaret Rose Gibson
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I am an experienced Counsellor, Hypnotherapist, BWRT practitioner and Advanced Clinical Supervisor including Online and Telephone Counselling. I have worked across all age groups in a variety of settings. My counselling, Hypnotherapy and BWRT practice is built opon my practical experience. I also have extensive knowledge and working experience of child development, special educational needs, adult mental health,gender and diveristy and perinatal care .
I am an experienced Counsellor, Hypnotherapist, BWRT practitioner and Advanced Clinical Supervisor including Online and Telephone Counselling. I have worked across all age groups in a variety of settings. My counselling, Hypnotherapy and BWRT practice is built opon my practical experience. I also have extensive knowledge and working experience of child development, special educational needs, adult mental health,gender and diveristy and perinatal care .
01506 243421 View 01506 243421
Photo of Kimberley Cunningham, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Kimberley Cunningham
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Serves Area
I am a BACP registered psychotherapist with a Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Psychology and a Master of Science in Psychotherapy. I have particular experience supporting clients with burnout, depression, low self-esteem and anxiety - including Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety. I offer long-term & short-term in-person and online therapy for adults and young people (age 13+), with a specific focus on the Person-Centred Approach to counselling.
I am a BACP registered psychotherapist with a Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Psychology and a Master of Science in Psychotherapy. I have particular experience supporting clients with burnout, depression, low self-esteem and anxiety - including Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety. I offer long-term & short-term in-person and online therapy for adults and young people (age 13+), with a specific focus on the Person-Centred Approach to counselling.
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Falkirk

50+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in Falkirk who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
91% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

36% Aviva
36% AXA PPP
27% Bupa

How Counsellors in Falkirk see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Falkirk?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.