Counselling in Portobello, Edinburgh

Photo of Hazel Stevenson, Counsellor, MCOSCA
Hazel Stevenson
Counsellor, MCOSCA
1 Endorsed
Portobello, Edinburgh EH15
Welcome! Talking is a wonderful way to share what’s on your mind. You may not even know what is bothering you, but by talking, it helps to get in touch with your emotions and make sense of your thoughts. Changes are often small but can be significant. Speaking with someone who is really listening and can offer a non-judgemental space to fully express yourself, improve your self awareness, and accept you for being you, can help!
Welcome! Talking is a wonderful way to share what’s on your mind. You may not even know what is bothering you, but by talking, it helps to get in touch with your emotions and make sense of your thoughts. Changes are often small but can be significant. Speaking with someone who is really listening and can offer a non-judgemental space to fully express yourself, improve your self awareness, and accept you for being you, can help!
01764 915874 View 01764 915874
Photo of Susanne Dick, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Susanne Dick
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Portobello, Edinburgh EH15
Welcome - I work with people who are trying to make sense of their lives and find ways to better navigate the challenges we all encounter as humans. This might be struggling with anxiety, stress, depression, overwhelming emotions, existential issues, life crises and transitions, trauma, relationships or searching for personal growth and meaning. We will work together, explore what is happening in your life and look for ways to make meaningful change. Therapy is a unique experience for everyone and the journey we take will reflect this.
Welcome - I work with people who are trying to make sense of their lives and find ways to better navigate the challenges we all encounter as humans. This might be struggling with anxiety, stress, depression, overwhelming emotions, existential issues, life crises and transitions, trauma, relationships or searching for personal growth and meaning. We will work together, explore what is happening in your life and look for ways to make meaningful change. Therapy is a unique experience for everyone and the journey we take will reflect this.
01620 672889 View 01620 672889
Photo of Sandy Blair, Counsellor, BACP
Sandy Blair
Counsellor, BACP
2 Endorsed
Portobello, Edinburgh EH15
Feeling overwhelmed or unheard can be incredibly isolating. I offer a warm, supportive space to explore your thoughts and feelings at at a pace that feels right for you. Whether you’re navigating grief, anxiety, low mood, or looking for neuro‑affirming support as a neurodivergent person, I’m here to help you build self‑awareness and move toward meaningful change. If you're newly diagnosed or self‑diagnosed with autism or ADHD, we can work together to understand what this means for your past, present and future, and find ways to cope in a world that may not always feel built with you in mind.
Feeling overwhelmed or unheard can be incredibly isolating. I offer a warm, supportive space to explore your thoughts and feelings at at a pace that feels right for you. Whether you’re navigating grief, anxiety, low mood, or looking for neuro‑affirming support as a neurodivergent person, I’m here to help you build self‑awareness and move toward meaningful change. If you're newly diagnosed or self‑diagnosed with autism or ADHD, we can work together to understand what this means for your past, present and future, and find ways to cope in a world that may not always feel built with you in mind.
0131 381 8430 View 0131 381 8430
Photo of Anna Shepherd, Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap.
Anna Shepherd
Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap.
Portobello, Edinburgh EH15
Hello. My name is Anna Shepherd. I have been a Psychotherapist for over 20 years. I offer Art Psychotherapy, Talking Therapy, EMDR and Mindfulness. Seeking help can feel a bit daunting. I offer a confidential space in which you will be supported to explore whatever brings you to therapy. I will meet you with gentle compassion, curiosity, warmth and humour. Meaningful connection will be the cornerstone of our work and together we will find helpful ways to ease whatever distress has brought you here.
Hello. My name is Anna Shepherd. I have been a Psychotherapist for over 20 years. I offer Art Psychotherapy, Talking Therapy, EMDR and Mindfulness. Seeking help can feel a bit daunting. I offer a confidential space in which you will be supported to explore whatever brings you to therapy. I will meet you with gentle compassion, curiosity, warmth and humour. Meaningful connection will be the cornerstone of our work and together we will find helpful ways to ease whatever distress has brought you here.
0131 381 1136 View 0131 381 1136
Photo of Freya McKenzie, Psychotherapist, PTUK
Freya McKenzie
Psychotherapist, PTUK
Portobello, Edinburgh EH15
I support children aged 3-13 with social, emotional, behavioural and mental health difficulties. Seeking therapy can be daunting, but I aim to offer a safe, supportive environment where children can work through their difficulties at a pace that suits them. Play Therapy is a gentle, child-led approach that creates lasting long-term skills. By offering early support to children we give them the best possible chance of thriving, and prevent their difficulties from worsening over time.
I support children aged 3-13 with social, emotional, behavioural and mental health difficulties. Seeking therapy can be daunting, but I aim to offer a safe, supportive environment where children can work through their difficulties at a pace that suits them. Play Therapy is a gentle, child-led approach that creates lasting long-term skills. By offering early support to children we give them the best possible chance of thriving, and prevent their difficulties from worsening over time.
01934 317089 View 01934 317089
Photo of Janis Sinclair, Psychotherapist, PMCOSCA
Janis Sinclair
Psychotherapist, PMCOSCA
2 Endorsed
Portobello, Edinburgh EH15
Are you anxious and finding life overwhelming, suddenly the simplest decisions are impossible - this may be situational, relational or historical; large or small I offer a space to speak freely secure in the knowledge our sessions are confidential. My theory is person centred although I offer Integrative therapy which is a progressive form of psychotherapy that combines different therapeutic tools and approaches to fit the needs of the individual client.
Are you anxious and finding life overwhelming, suddenly the simplest decisions are impossible - this may be situational, relational or historical; large or small I offer a space to speak freely secure in the knowledge our sessions are confidential. My theory is person centred although I offer Integrative therapy which is a progressive form of psychotherapy that combines different therapeutic tools and approaches to fit the needs of the individual client.
01785 338104 View 01785 338104
Photo of Sandra Cunniffe, Counsellor, MA, BACP
Sandra Cunniffe
Counsellor, MA, BACP
Portobello, Edinburgh EH8
Hello my name is Sandra. I think that counselling can be beneficial if you are experiencing emotional, behavioural, or mental health challenges. I am a trained therapist and I can provide a supportive and confidential space to work through these difficulties. I believe that everyone has the ability to heal and grow, and I am committed to creating a safe and supportive space where my clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences, so that this can happen. I also believe it is important to find a counsellor who is a good fit for you and your needs, and to approach counselling with a curious and open mind.
Hello my name is Sandra. I think that counselling can be beneficial if you are experiencing emotional, behavioural, or mental health challenges. I am a trained therapist and I can provide a supportive and confidential space to work through these difficulties. I believe that everyone has the ability to heal and grow, and I am committed to creating a safe and supportive space where my clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences, so that this can happen. I also believe it is important to find a counsellor who is a good fit for you and your needs, and to approach counselling with a curious and open mind.
0131 381 6329 View 0131 381 6329
Photo of Joanna Dul, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Joanna Dul
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
4 Endorsed
Portobello, Edinburgh EH15
How often in your life does somebody give you their full attention? That’s what I am offering you. Drawing on two master’s degrees in psychology and a third in counselling, I offer trauma-sensitive help for anxiety, relationship difficulties, and physical health. You might feel your emotions are “too much” to be understood, or that you’ve spent years holding things together on the outside while feeling numb, overwhelmed, or exhausted inside. If you're looking for space to slow down and unpack what’s beneath the surface, I can help you reconnect with your needs, feelings, and resources. We will always work at your pace.
How often in your life does somebody give you their full attention? That’s what I am offering you. Drawing on two master’s degrees in psychology and a third in counselling, I offer trauma-sensitive help for anxiety, relationship difficulties, and physical health. You might feel your emotions are “too much” to be understood, or that you’ve spent years holding things together on the outside while feeling numb, overwhelmed, or exhausted inside. If you're looking for space to slow down and unpack what’s beneath the surface, I can help you reconnect with your needs, feelings, and resources. We will always work at your pace.
01764 910706 View 01764 910706
Photo of Angela McLachlan, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Angela McLachlan
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Portobello, Edinburgh EH15
Have you had a recent difficult experience? Or maybe you are going through something painful just now? Perhaps you feel stuck and unable to move forward? It can often be difficult to understand feelings such as anxiety, overwhelm, panic, distress, fear, immobilisation, anger or sadness. Working collaboratively with you, at your own pace, I can help you process your feelings and faciliate a deeper and compassionate understanding of your current situation. In exploring and talking about both your present and past experiences and memories, I can offer you a safe and calming space to help you move forward.
Have you had a recent difficult experience? Or maybe you are going through something painful just now? Perhaps you feel stuck and unable to move forward? It can often be difficult to understand feelings such as anxiety, overwhelm, panic, distress, fear, immobilisation, anger or sadness. Working collaboratively with you, at your own pace, I can help you process your feelings and faciliate a deeper and compassionate understanding of your current situation. In exploring and talking about both your present and past experiences and memories, I can offer you a safe and calming space to help you move forward.
0131 381 1458 View 0131 381 1458
Photo of Lilian Kelly - Room To Change, Counsellor, MBACP
Room To Change
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Lilian, a specialist addictions therapist (StopSo registered), executive function coach, and trauma-informed practitioner. I support people struggling with problematic drug and alcohol use, sex and pornography addiction, binge eating, and compulsive behaviours. I also work with partners experiencing betrayal trauma. Alongside therapy, I offer mindfulness training, and executive function coaching for people with Autism (ASD), ADHD, or anyone who wants to feel more focused, calm, and in control of their daily lives.
Hi, I'm Lilian, a specialist addictions therapist (StopSo registered), executive function coach, and trauma-informed practitioner. I support people struggling with problematic drug and alcohol use, sex and pornography addiction, binge eating, and compulsive behaviours. I also work with partners experiencing betrayal trauma. Alongside therapy, I offer mindfulness training, and executive function coaching for people with Autism (ASD), ADHD, or anyone who wants to feel more focused, calm, and in control of their daily lives.
0131 378 6646 View 0131 378 6646
Photo of Dr Camilla Akoo, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP
Dr Camilla Akoo
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I provide a safe and contained space in which I work collaboratively with clients who want to understand themselves deeply and create real, sustainable change. Together, we can identify the patterns that are keeping you feeling stuck which will enable you to develop new ways of relating to both yourself and to others. We can explore how your current difficulties may be rooted in earlier experiences, while also focusing on the “here and now” challenges that you are facing. This dual approach can help you begin to experience relief in your day-to-day life, while working towards deeper, longer-lasting change.
I provide a safe and contained space in which I work collaboratively with clients who want to understand themselves deeply and create real, sustainable change. Together, we can identify the patterns that are keeping you feeling stuck which will enable you to develop new ways of relating to both yourself and to others. We can explore how your current difficulties may be rooted in earlier experiences, while also focusing on the “here and now” challenges that you are facing. This dual approach can help you begin to experience relief in your day-to-day life, while working towards deeper, longer-lasting change.
0131 322 1641 View 0131 322 1641
Photo of Camilla Ferraro, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Camilla Ferraro
Psychotherapist, MBACP
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an integrative, relational psychotherapist and registered dietitian. The therapeutic services I offer are neurodivergent-affirming, trauma-informed, LGBTQ+ affirmative, gender inclusive and weight neutral. I currently offer individual therapy sessions and food/eating support services, online, and also some in person (in Edinburgh). I will also be offering couples therapy sessions later on in 2026 that will be inclusive of neurodivergent and LGBTQ+ couples too .
I am an integrative, relational psychotherapist and registered dietitian. The therapeutic services I offer are neurodivergent-affirming, trauma-informed, LGBTQ+ affirmative, gender inclusive and weight neutral. I currently offer individual therapy sessions and food/eating support services, online, and also some in person (in Edinburgh). I will also be offering couples therapy sessions later on in 2026 that will be inclusive of neurodivergent and LGBTQ+ couples too .
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Photo of Jocelyn Mckinlay, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Jocelyn Mckinlay
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, my name is Jocelyn, searching for support is a brave first step. As a result of the profound personaI growth I experienced from attending counselling for difficulties I was experiencing. I decided to retrain professionally in order to fulfill my passion & support others with their difficulties. I believe that change is truly possible for everyone. Maybe your feeling stuck in life, or living with depression & anxiety? I offer a calm,non judgemental and supportive space for everyone. In session you will feel truly seen & heard. Our sessions will be relaxed and entirely focused on you.
Hi, my name is Jocelyn, searching for support is a brave first step. As a result of the profound personaI growth I experienced from attending counselling for difficulties I was experiencing. I decided to retrain professionally in order to fulfill my passion & support others with their difficulties. I believe that change is truly possible for everyone. Maybe your feeling stuck in life, or living with depression & anxiety? I offer a calm,non judgemental and supportive space for everyone. In session you will feel truly seen & heard. Our sessions will be relaxed and entirely focused on you.
01875 444626 View 01875 444626
Photo of Maegann Jaworski, Counsellor, MBACP
Maegann Jaworski
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Portobello, Edinburgh EH15
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that all behaviour makes sense in context and this ethos informs the way I work with clients. As a trauma informed integrative psychotherapist trained in person-centred and psychodynamic therapy, I work with people who experience the effects of childhood trauma, low self-worth, anxiety, estrangement, familial relationship issues, shame and attachment issues. I have also worked with many clients who live with suicidal ideation, depression, and grief and loss.
I believe that all behaviour makes sense in context and this ethos informs the way I work with clients. As a trauma informed integrative psychotherapist trained in person-centred and psychodynamic therapy, I work with people who experience the effects of childhood trauma, low self-worth, anxiety, estrangement, familial relationship issues, shame and attachment issues. I have also worked with many clients who live with suicidal ideation, depression, and grief and loss.
01934 316739 View 01934 316739
Photo of Rachel Rickman, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Rachel Rickman
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Hello I’m Rachel and a very warm welcome. As you find yourself here, you may be feeling stuck in life at the moment and perhaps issues or difficulties may be causing you distress or to feel overwhelmed. Perhaps you feel anxious, depressed or have low self esteem? Often through no fault of our own we can get caught up in these difficult cycles. The good news is I can help you get "unstuck" and help you to achieve lasting change in your life. I will help you move towards your goals and lead a more fulfilled life. I am here to support you every step of the way, giving you the space and time to discover yourself.
Hello I’m Rachel and a very warm welcome. As you find yourself here, you may be feeling stuck in life at the moment and perhaps issues or difficulties may be causing you distress or to feel overwhelmed. Perhaps you feel anxious, depressed or have low self esteem? Often through no fault of our own we can get caught up in these difficult cycles. The good news is I can help you get "unstuck" and help you to achieve lasting change in your life. I will help you move towards your goals and lead a more fulfilled life. I am here to support you every step of the way, giving you the space and time to discover yourself.
0131 381 8606 View 0131 381 8606
Photo of Joanna Alice Driver - JD Art Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap.
JD Art Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap.
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, my name is Jo (She/They) and I am a qualified and HCPC accredited Art Psychotherapist. I am originally from Suffolk, England however I am now based in Edinburgh, Scotland and facilitate art psychotherapy online. By providing the online space I believe it removes barriers to accessibility such as people who may find it hard to get to a therapy space or accessing a therapist that best suits you. My approach is warm, curious, playful and gently challenging. Sessions are completely led by you, and so each session is bespoke and customised to your personal needs and experiences.
Hi, my name is Jo (She/They) and I am a qualified and HCPC accredited Art Psychotherapist. I am originally from Suffolk, England however I am now based in Edinburgh, Scotland and facilitate art psychotherapy online. By providing the online space I believe it removes barriers to accessibility such as people who may find it hard to get to a therapy space or accessing a therapist that best suits you. My approach is warm, curious, playful and gently challenging. Sessions are completely led by you, and so each session is bespoke and customised to your personal needs and experiences.
0131 381 6535 x44 View 0131 381 6535 x44
Photo of Laura Mcleod, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Laura Mcleod
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Online Only
Hello! I'm Laura and I am a CBT psychotherapist based in Edinburgh. I know it can feel like a big step to reach out and ask for help not knowing where to start. Finding a safe, non judgmental and accepting space is the first step in allowing you to explore your own thoughts, feelings and behaviors. I can help you to understand more about your past or present experiences and how to make changes that are helpful to you. I work with a wide range of issues including: anxiety (OCD, health, social, panic), low mood/depression, stress, anger, communication, grief, body image issues, self esteem, gender and sexual identity.
Hello! I'm Laura and I am a CBT psychotherapist based in Edinburgh. I know it can feel like a big step to reach out and ask for help not knowing where to start. Finding a safe, non judgmental and accepting space is the first step in allowing you to explore your own thoughts, feelings and behaviors. I can help you to understand more about your past or present experiences and how to make changes that are helpful to you. I work with a wide range of issues including: anxiety (OCD, health, social, panic), low mood/depression, stress, anger, communication, grief, body image issues, self esteem, gender and sexual identity.
0131 381 7855 View 0131 381 7855
Photo of Christiane Kelegher, Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap.
Christiane Kelegher
Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap.
4 Endorsed
Online Only
I work in collaboration with my clients to find what they would like to bring into the therapy room and have a particular interest in personal identities and how my clients wish to be seen and accepted in the world. This includes identities around chronic illness and disability, as well as around gender, sexuality and relationship diversity. I do not work as a blank mirror but instead use my knowledge and training to create a dialogue between me and my clients.
I work in collaboration with my clients to find what they would like to bring into the therapy room and have a particular interest in personal identities and how my clients wish to be seen and accepted in the world. This includes identities around chronic illness and disability, as well as around gender, sexuality and relationship diversity. I do not work as a blank mirror but instead use my knowledge and training to create a dialogue between me and my clients.
0191 743 0329 View 0191 743 0329
Photo of Julie McGourty, Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Julie McGourty
Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) offering therapy in private practice. I provide a safe, confidential, and compassionate space where clients can explore difficulties without judgement. My approach combines evidence-based CBT techniques with person-centred values of empathy, warmth, and collaboration.
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) offering therapy in private practice. I provide a safe, confidential, and compassionate space where clients can explore difficulties without judgement. My approach combines evidence-based CBT techniques with person-centred values of empathy, warmth, and collaboration.
0131 381 6567 View 0131 381 6567
Photo of Lynn Hunter, Counsellor, MBACP
Lynn Hunter
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
I offer therapy to individuals and couples who want to explore the issues affecting their relationships or causing distress in other areas of their lives. We can often feel we are not heard or understood by those around us. You may have grown up in an environment where expressing feelings was not encouraged or may have felt unsafe. You may be struggling with low self esteem or acceptance. Perhaps you don't feel valued or cherished in your relationship. I will help you explore the reasons behind this and work towards changing how you relate to others and more importantly, to yourself .
I offer therapy to individuals and couples who want to explore the issues affecting their relationships or causing distress in other areas of their lives. We can often feel we are not heard or understood by those around us. You may have grown up in an environment where expressing feelings was not encouraged or may have felt unsafe. You may be struggling with low self esteem or acceptance. Perhaps you don't feel valued or cherished in your relationship. I will help you explore the reasons behind this and work towards changing how you relate to others and more importantly, to yourself .
0131 510 4413 View 0131 510 4413

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Portobello, Edinburgh

20+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Portobello, Edinburgh who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
86% Self Esteem
77% Stress
73% Depression
68% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
59% Bereavement

Average years in practice

6 Years

How Counsellors in Portobello, Edinburgh see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

95% Female
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Portobello, Edinburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.