Counselling in Dundee

Photo of Lindsay-Jo Sevier-Guy, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Lindsay-Jo Sevier-Guy
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Dundee DD1
Every person is different, which means every treatment will be different too. I provide a range of psychological therapies that will be tailored to meet your needs. I work with people of all ages and backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress (including work, academic, or general life stress), loss and bereavement, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes (e.g. birth, retirement, relationship ending), sexual difficulties, eating disorders, health anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and desire for personal development.
Every person is different, which means every treatment will be different too. I provide a range of psychological therapies that will be tailored to meet your needs. I work with people of all ages and backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress (including work, academic, or general life stress), loss and bereavement, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes (e.g. birth, retirement, relationship ending), sexual difficulties, eating disorders, health anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and desire for personal development.
01382 797247 View 01382 797247
Photo of Jackie Read, Counsellor, ACC-AC
Jackie Read
Counsellor, ACC-AC
Dundee DD4
I am a registered and accredited counsellor with over 10 years’ experience and provide one to one counselling for adults of all ages. I specialise in working with complex trauma, C-PTSD( complex post traumatic stress disorder) and disorders like BPD.I have considerable experience of working with depression, anxiety, coping with loss and bereavement, panic attacks, anger issues, intense guilt, trauma, childhood sexual abuse and difficulty in relating to others.I also have experience working with clients on the Autistic spectrum or Asperger’s and family members.
I am a registered and accredited counsellor with over 10 years’ experience and provide one to one counselling for adults of all ages. I specialise in working with complex trauma, C-PTSD( complex post traumatic stress disorder) and disorders like BPD.I have considerable experience of working with depression, anxiety, coping with loss and bereavement, panic attacks, anger issues, intense guilt, trauma, childhood sexual abuse and difficulty in relating to others.I also have experience working with clients on the Autistic spectrum or Asperger’s and family members.
01382 919575 View 01382 919575
Photo of Claire Robertson - Heartwork Services, Counsellor, MBACP
Heartwork Services
Counsellor, MBACP
Dundee DD2
Life, as it turns out, is not without its challenges. Clients often come to visit me with a sense of loss anxiety or sadness. I love watching clients acquire a renewed sense of self-compassion and self-worth. My wish is to support you on your journey to discover that you have the tools required to overcome the challenges in your life. For me it is an honour and a privilege to support you to recognise that harnessing your strengths will allow you to have a more fulfilling and happy life.
Life, as it turns out, is not without its challenges. Clients often come to visit me with a sense of loss anxiety or sadness. I love watching clients acquire a renewed sense of self-compassion and self-worth. My wish is to support you on your journey to discover that you have the tools required to overcome the challenges in your life. For me it is an honour and a privilege to support you to recognise that harnessing your strengths will allow you to have a more fulfilling and happy life.
01382 919583 View 01382 919583
Photo of Alison MacLeod, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Alison MacLeod
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Dundee DD5
Life can be a challenge, especially now. As your therapist, I can offer you a secure and trusted space to bring your needs and concerns. I believe that therapy should lead to a “step change” where my clients become able to make an immediate difference to the way they think and their relationships with others. I work to build trust and empathy and strive to understand the world from your perspective. I can help you to understand that small changes to the way you see things can have a major impact on how you feel.
Life can be a challenge, especially now. As your therapist, I can offer you a secure and trusted space to bring your needs and concerns. I believe that therapy should lead to a “step change” where my clients become able to make an immediate difference to the way they think and their relationships with others. I work to build trust and empathy and strive to understand the world from your perspective. I can help you to understand that small changes to the way you see things can have a major impact on how you feel.
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Photo of Julia Vaczo, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Julia Vaczo
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Online Only
When we feel lost, stuck, or uncertain for an extended period, pausing and taking the time to understand ourselves can help us find clarity and direction. But sometimes self-exploration is challenging to navigate alone. I offer a safe, supportive environment to work with you in this process. I listen deeply and ask gentle and thoughtful questions that may encourage you to reflect and help you see yourself and your situation from different perspectives.
When we feel lost, stuck, or uncertain for an extended period, pausing and taking the time to understand ourselves can help us find clarity and direction. But sometimes self-exploration is challenging to navigate alone. I offer a safe, supportive environment to work with you in this process. I listen deeply and ask gentle and thoughtful questions that may encourage you to reflect and help you see yourself and your situation from different perspectives.
01382 919536 View 01382 919536
Photo of Nicole McKendry - Therapy in the City, Counsellor, MCOSCA
Therapy in the City
Counsellor, MCOSCA
Dundee DD4
The first steps we take on our healing journey can be the most challenging but finding the right therapist to work with that you can trust and feel comfortable with can make all the difference in helping you move forward and feel safe and supported in exploring the issues you are facing. I have always believed therapy should be an informal, authentic and relaxing experience. The therapeutic approach I offer is gentle and empathetic , you will find yourself at the centre of our therapy together building a trusting relationship, valuing your individuality rather than just working with your issue.
The first steps we take on our healing journey can be the most challenging but finding the right therapist to work with that you can trust and feel comfortable with can make all the difference in helping you move forward and feel safe and supported in exploring the issues you are facing. I have always believed therapy should be an informal, authentic and relaxing experience. The therapeutic approach I offer is gentle and empathetic , you will find yourself at the centre of our therapy together building a trusting relationship, valuing your individuality rather than just working with your issue.
01382 279927 View 01382 279927
Photo of Wendy Nicoll - Wendy Nicoll Counselling, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Wendy Nicoll Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Online Only
Life throws us many challenges and we all need some help from time to time. Together we can explore uncomfortable thoughts and feelings in a safe and non-judgemental environment to help your cope better and think more fondly about yourself. My speciality is collaborating with clients to develop healthy lifestyle habits and more useful behaviours, particularly for those of you who are overweight; struggle with yo-yo dieting; binge eating, or are pre/post weightloss injection use or bariatric surgery. I can help you increase your self-esteem; improve your self-confidence and reduce negative body image thoughts.
Life throws us many challenges and we all need some help from time to time. Together we can explore uncomfortable thoughts and feelings in a safe and non-judgemental environment to help your cope better and think more fondly about yourself. My speciality is collaborating with clients to develop healthy lifestyle habits and more useful behaviours, particularly for those of you who are overweight; struggle with yo-yo dieting; binge eating, or are pre/post weightloss injection use or bariatric surgery. I can help you increase your self-esteem; improve your self-confidence and reduce negative body image thoughts.
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Photo of Moira Jean Ross - Ross Counselling and CBT, Counsellor, MBABCP
Ross Counselling and CBT
Counsellor, MBABCP
Dundee DD4
I'm a fully accredited CBT therapist. I offer individual and group counselling support for a range of difficulties. I can help with anxiety and mood conditions and specialise in generalised anxiety, OCD, social anxiety, depression, and low self esteem. For those who are unfamiliar with or new to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, CBT is a form of therapy that explores the connection between our thoughts, feelings, physical reactions and behaviours.
I'm a fully accredited CBT therapist. I offer individual and group counselling support for a range of difficulties. I can help with anxiety and mood conditions and specialise in generalised anxiety, OCD, social anxiety, depression, and low self esteem. For those who are unfamiliar with or new to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, CBT is a form of therapy that explores the connection between our thoughts, feelings, physical reactions and behaviours.
01382 797280 View 01382 797280
Photo of Deborah Gillard, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Deborah Gillard
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Online Only
Are you or a loved one struggling with an eating disorder, needing to process a traumatic event, or facing challenging relationship issues? Do you yearn for a supportive space to heal and grow? I provide compassionate and personalised counselling tailored to your unique needs. Together, let's turn your struggles into strengths and unlock your full potential, fostering wellbeing and meaningful relationships.
Are you or a loved one struggling with an eating disorder, needing to process a traumatic event, or facing challenging relationship issues? Do you yearn for a supportive space to heal and grow? I provide compassionate and personalised counselling tailored to your unique needs. Together, let's turn your struggles into strengths and unlock your full potential, fostering wellbeing and meaningful relationships.
01382 797220 View 01382 797220
Photo of Kat Jennifer Marshall - Kat Marshall Therapy Services
I believe that all people can reach their full potential when they have the tools, knowledge and awareness to empower themselves. Together, we can find new ways to manage your current situation, challenge unhelpful thinking, and experiment with behaviour change. My role is to help you explore these difficult thoughts and feelings to find strategies for coping that work for you. I am a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapist, which is a collaborative and effective treatment method for a wide range of issues. I work with adults of all ages, backgrounds and identities. I champion equality and inclusion in my practice and am gender-affirming.
I believe that all people can reach their full potential when they have the tools, knowledge and awareness to empower themselves. Together, we can find new ways to manage your current situation, challenge unhelpful thinking, and experiment with behaviour change. My role is to help you explore these difficult thoughts and feelings to find strategies for coping that work for you. I am a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapist, which is a collaborative and effective treatment method for a wide range of issues. I work with adults of all ages, backgrounds and identities. I champion equality and inclusion in my practice and am gender-affirming.
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Photo of Lynda Goudie, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Lynda Goudie
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Dundee DD5
Hi, my name is Lynda and I have a masters (MSc) in Counselling. I also have an MA Hons Degree in English, my passion for stories on the page have also become a passion for individuals who each have their own unique story. Counselling is 50 minutes of time for you, to be heard, supported and understood. Together we can explore problems from the past, anxieties for the future and how these issues are affecting the present. You may have a specific problem or dilemma that is all about now but whatever you bring, can be explored together in a non-judgemental, empathetic and kind way.
Hi, my name is Lynda and I have a masters (MSc) in Counselling. I also have an MA Hons Degree in English, my passion for stories on the page have also become a passion for individuals who each have their own unique story. Counselling is 50 minutes of time for you, to be heard, supported and understood. Together we can explore problems from the past, anxieties for the future and how these issues are affecting the present. You may have a specific problem or dilemma that is all about now but whatever you bring, can be explored together in a non-judgemental, empathetic and kind way.
01382 933111 View 01382 933111
Photo of Natalie Mordente, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Natalie Mordente
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Dundee DD3
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I’m Natalie. I am a BACP registered Counsellor & Psychotherapist. I am a School Counsellor, Student Mental Health Mentor and run my practice, counselling Adults & Young People.  Asking for help can be daunting, especially if this is the first time you have considered counselling. The list of reasons why individuals start their counselling journey is endless. From mental health challenges such as anxiety or depression to relationship problems , trauma or low self-esteem, I will always offer you a safe, non-judgemental space, respecting the pace you need to go at. This is your journey and I am here to support you.
Hi, I’m Natalie. I am a BACP registered Counsellor & Psychotherapist. I am a School Counsellor, Student Mental Health Mentor and run my practice, counselling Adults & Young People.  Asking for help can be daunting, especially if this is the first time you have considered counselling. The list of reasons why individuals start their counselling journey is endless. From mental health challenges such as anxiety or depression to relationship problems , trauma or low self-esteem, I will always offer you a safe, non-judgemental space, respecting the pace you need to go at. This is your journey and I am here to support you.
01382 919042 View 01382 919042
Photo of Martine Kilgour, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Martine Kilgour
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Dundee DD5
Everybody has problems so why should you go for counselling? Problems are part of everyday life, we all encounter them and fortunately we are able to solve them the majority of the time without any intervention. Counselling may be beneficial to you if problems become all consuming and start to affect your personal happiness, perhaps take up a high percentage of your thinking time or in fact prevent you from doing day to day things. Today's fast pace of life does not always offer time to reflect on how we are feeling or help us understand why we become unhappy, low in mood and no longer enjoy life.
Everybody has problems so why should you go for counselling? Problems are part of everyday life, we all encounter them and fortunately we are able to solve them the majority of the time without any intervention. Counselling may be beneficial to you if problems become all consuming and start to affect your personal happiness, perhaps take up a high percentage of your thinking time or in fact prevent you from doing day to day things. Today's fast pace of life does not always offer time to reflect on how we are feeling or help us understand why we become unhappy, low in mood and no longer enjoy life.
01382 933305 View 01382 933305
Photo of Dr Robina Boehnke - Dr Robina Boehnke, Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Robina Boehnke
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dundee DD1
ooo current availability for in-person sessions Thursday mornings ooo Hello and welcome! I am glad that you have found your way here. Life is difficult and whilst we can often cope well with the challenges life throws at us, sometimes we find ourselves stuck and unable to get ourselves unstuck regardless of how hard we try. This is where therapy comes in. You may feel depressed, anxious, stressed, or low and may have trouble enjoying the good things in life. I offer you a compassionate, trustworthy, and non-judgmental space where you can explore, develop, learn, and grow. Please have a look at my website for more detailed inf.
ooo current availability for in-person sessions Thursday mornings ooo Hello and welcome! I am glad that you have found your way here. Life is difficult and whilst we can often cope well with the challenges life throws at us, sometimes we find ourselves stuck and unable to get ourselves unstuck regardless of how hard we try. This is where therapy comes in. You may feel depressed, anxious, stressed, or low and may have trouble enjoying the good things in life. I offer you a compassionate, trustworthy, and non-judgmental space where you can explore, develop, learn, and grow. Please have a look at my website for more detailed inf.
07526 043595 View 07526 043595
Photo of Julie Bannon, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Julie Bannon
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Dundee DD3
Reaching out for support can feel like a big step, especially when life feels overwhelming, uncertain, or just too much. If you’re here, something’s brought you to this point — and you don’t have to face it alone. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, low self-worth, grief, relationship issues, or something harder to name — this space is for you to be heard and supported
Reaching out for support can feel like a big step, especially when life feels overwhelming, uncertain, or just too much. If you’re here, something’s brought you to this point — and you don’t have to face it alone. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, low self-worth, grief, relationship issues, or something harder to name — this space is for you to be heard and supported
01382 933179 View 01382 933179
Photo of Louise Loughran, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Louise Loughran
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dundee DD1
I offer specialist Autism Assessment services to teenagers and young adults. I have over 15 years' experience working with Autistic young people and I am dedicated to delivering a high quality, personalised experience. My team share the values of professionalism, compassion and commitment to the young people and families we see.
I offer specialist Autism Assessment services to teenagers and young adults. I have over 15 years' experience working with Autistic young people and I am dedicated to delivering a high quality, personalised experience. My team share the values of professionalism, compassion and commitment to the young people and families we see.
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Photo of Dr Csilla Gulyas, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Csilla Gulyas
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dundee DD1
I put emphasis on ensuring that we can jointly develop a shared understanding of your experiences and difficulties with the aim of empowering you to take actions to reach your desired goals. I provide a range of evidence-based psychological therapies for those over the age of 16 from various backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress, loss, body image issues, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes, sexual difficulties, health anxiety, low self-esteem and relationship difficulties. I also offer input towards personal development and self-reflection.
I put emphasis on ensuring that we can jointly develop a shared understanding of your experiences and difficulties with the aim of empowering you to take actions to reach your desired goals. I provide a range of evidence-based psychological therapies for those over the age of 16 from various backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress, loss, body image issues, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes, sexual difficulties, health anxiety, low self-esteem and relationship difficulties. I also offer input towards personal development and self-reflection.
01382 919559 View 01382 919559
Photo of Maggi Fenwick - Fenwick Counselling and Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Fenwick Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Dundee DD2
A warm welcome to you. I am Maggi, a fully registered BACP Pluralistic Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I understand it takes courage to reach out and take that first step ... whether it’s your first time starting therapy or you’ve had therapy in the past. I offer a safe and confidential space to talk through the difficulties you’re experiencing. Perhaps you are finding it difficult to cope? Experiencing anxiety? Feeling depressed? Having relationship issues/family problems? Struggling with past/present trauma or life changes? Or come to a crossroads in life and don’t know where to turn? Wanting to understand yourself better?
A warm welcome to you. I am Maggi, a fully registered BACP Pluralistic Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I understand it takes courage to reach out and take that first step ... whether it’s your first time starting therapy or you’ve had therapy in the past. I offer a safe and confidential space to talk through the difficulties you’re experiencing. Perhaps you are finding it difficult to cope? Experiencing anxiety? Feeling depressed? Having relationship issues/family problems? Struggling with past/present trauma or life changes? Or come to a crossroads in life and don’t know where to turn? Wanting to understand yourself better?
01382 933278 View 01382 933278
Photo of Michelle Donoghue, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Michelle Donoghue
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Dundee DD1
Not accepting new clients
Hi I'm Michelle and firstly, I want to say well done in taking the 1st step in seeking help by searching for a counsellor, it's not an easy step to take. Society is moving at such a fast pace that we don't take that time out to get a sense of our feelings about changes occurring in our lives, or to come to terms with other issues. We can often feel that our personal issues and challenges are not that big compared to other people's, however, if they are affecting your ability to live a fulfilled life then it is worth giving yourself space and time to process what is going on for you in your life through counselling.
Hi I'm Michelle and firstly, I want to say well done in taking the 1st step in seeking help by searching for a counsellor, it's not an easy step to take. Society is moving at such a fast pace that we don't take that time out to get a sense of our feelings about changes occurring in our lives, or to come to terms with other issues. We can often feel that our personal issues and challenges are not that big compared to other people's, however, if they are affecting your ability to live a fulfilled life then it is worth giving yourself space and time to process what is going on for you in your life through counselling.
01382 933116 View 01382 933116
Photo of Melissa Paton - Melissa Paton - Collaborative Minds Psychotherapy , Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Melissa Paton - Collaborative Minds Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Feeling burnt out, stressed, or anxious? When life feels overwhelming, your confidence suffers, and daily struggles take over. But you don’t have to stay stuck. I’ll help you break free from negative cycles, manage your symptoms, and regain control. Together, we’ll uncover the root of your challenges and create a tailored plan that fits your pace. My mission is to empower you with lasting strategies so you can feel confident, fulfilled, and in charge of your life. Ready to make a change? Get in touch today—because you deserve to thrive!
Feeling burnt out, stressed, or anxious? When life feels overwhelming, your confidence suffers, and daily struggles take over. But you don’t have to stay stuck. I’ll help you break free from negative cycles, manage your symptoms, and regain control. Together, we’ll uncover the root of your challenges and create a tailored plan that fits your pace. My mission is to empower you with lasting strategies so you can feel confident, fulfilled, and in charge of your life. Ready to make a change? Get in touch today—because you deserve to thrive!
01382 919496 View 01382 919496

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Dundee

70+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Dundee who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
81% Self Esteem
81% Stress
77% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Bereavement

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Bupa
73% WPA
64% Aviva

How Counsellors in Dundee see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Dundee?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.