Cognitive Behavioural (CBT) Counselling in Dalkeith

Photo of Erika Martin, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Erika Martin
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Dalkeith EH22
I am familiar with psychodynamic approach and CBT as well.
I work with adults from any age group. I am available for anyone who is ready to make positive changes and would like to break free from old destructive thinking or behavioural patterns. Here to help you to get through any kind of loss, life challenges, stress, anxiety, changes that put your life on hold. I will provide a safe space where you can unload your thoughts without filters. Together with the right approach we can find specific tools tailored to you and will work on reaching your goals.
I am familiar with psychodynamic approach and CBT as well.
I work with adults from any age group. I am available for anyone who is ready to make positive changes and would like to break free from old destructive thinking or behavioural patterns. Here to help you to get through any kind of loss, life challenges, stress, anxiety, changes that put your life on hold. I will provide a safe space where you can unload your thoughts without filters. Together with the right approach we can find specific tools tailored to you and will work on reaching your goals.
0131 381 5935 View 0131 381 5935
Photo of Stuart Benney - Stuart Benney Counselling & Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Stuart Benney Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Dalkeith EH22
I also draw on attachment-based approaches to explore how past relationships may shape the present, and use CBT to look at how thoughts, feelings, and behaviours connect.
Face-to-Face/Online/Walking appointments available in Bonnyrigg and Dalkeith Hello, I’m Stuart. I know reaching out for counselling isn’t always easy, and I want to recognise the courage it takes to take this step. My aim is to offer a safe, welcoming space where you feel comfortable to share whatever’s on your mind. People often say I’m easy to talk to and that being listened to without judgment helps them feel lighter. We’ll go at a pace that feels right for you, exploring challenges with kindness and honesty. Together, we can work towards the changes, clarity, or sense of peace you’re hoping for.
I also draw on attachment-based approaches to explore how past relationships may shape the present, and use CBT to look at how thoughts, feelings, and behaviours connect.
Face-to-Face/Online/Walking appointments available in Bonnyrigg and Dalkeith Hello, I’m Stuart. I know reaching out for counselling isn’t always easy, and I want to recognise the courage it takes to take this step. My aim is to offer a safe, welcoming space where you feel comfortable to share whatever’s on your mind. People often say I’m easy to talk to and that being listened to without judgment helps them feel lighter. We’ll go at a pace that feels right for you, exploring challenges with kindness and honesty. Together, we can work towards the changes, clarity, or sense of peace you’re hoping for.
0131 381 2849 View 0131 381 2849
Photo of Jason Michael Lumb, DCounsPsych
Jason Michael Lumb
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dalkeith EH22
I use Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ( CBT) as my core therapy, which can be supported by a counselling approach as therapy progresses
Are you concerned that your use of substances or coping strategies are getting out of control and is causing problems in your life? Or are you worried that you will not be able to cope without them, even though you would like to cut back or stop? Do you feel locked into thinking styles which are starting to dominate your life such as anxiety or depression and don't know what to do? Imagine if you could regain control of your life so you felt happier, and were no longer dependant or worried about your substance use or problematic behaviours? Recovery for you is possible but sometimes we need a bit of help and guidance to get there.
I use Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ( CBT) as my core therapy, which can be supported by a counselling approach as therapy progresses
Are you concerned that your use of substances or coping strategies are getting out of control and is causing problems in your life? Or are you worried that you will not be able to cope without them, even though you would like to cut back or stop? Do you feel locked into thinking styles which are starting to dominate your life such as anxiety or depression and don't know what to do? Imagine if you could regain control of your life so you felt happier, and were no longer dependant or worried about your substance use or problematic behaviours? Recovery for you is possible but sometimes we need a bit of help and guidance to get there.
0131 381 0141 View 0131 381 0141
Photo of Amy Caffrey Mbacp, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Amy Caffrey Mbacp
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Dalkeith EH22
I offer one to one CBT sessions both face to face in Midlothian and also online sessions via zoom.
Anxiety, stress and low mood can leave us feeling overwhelmed and difficult to know how to manage this both in our personal and professional lives. Talking to a therapist can be quite daunting. However, I truly believe talking through a problem can really help. I can help you to identify and understand issues you are struggling with and together we can come up with a plan on how to help you overcome these. I have vast experience in mental health and some of my most recent work has been working through work related dress, neurodiversity, social anxiety and gender dysphoria.
I offer one to one CBT sessions both face to face in Midlothian and also online sessions via zoom.
Anxiety, stress and low mood can leave us feeling overwhelmed and difficult to know how to manage this both in our personal and professional lives. Talking to a therapist can be quite daunting. However, I truly believe talking through a problem can really help. I can help you to identify and understand issues you are struggling with and together we can come up with a plan on how to help you overcome these. I have vast experience in mental health and some of my most recent work has been working through work related dress, neurodiversity, social anxiety and gender dysphoria.
01875 444628 View 01875 444628
Photo of Evangelia Botsaki, Counsellor, MBACP
Evangelia Botsaki
Counsellor, MBACP
Dalkeith EH22
I’d like to begin by welcoming you and acknowledging the step it takes to begin therapy, especially if you have spent much of your life feeling “not good enough,” “too much,” or as though you don’t quite belong. I am a qualified Counsellor working primarily with anxiety and trauma, and I often support people who carry deep-rooted feelings of shame, inadequacy, or self-doubt that began in early life. When we grow up in environments where our emotional needs are not consistently met, we can internalise painful messages that continue to shape how we relate to ourselves and others in adulthood.
I’d like to begin by welcoming you and acknowledging the step it takes to begin therapy, especially if you have spent much of your life feeling “not good enough,” “too much,” or as though you don’t quite belong. I am a qualified Counsellor working primarily with anxiety and trauma, and I often support people who carry deep-rooted feelings of shame, inadequacy, or self-doubt that began in early life. When we grow up in environments where our emotional needs are not consistently met, we can internalise painful messages that continue to shape how we relate to ourselves and others in adulthood.
0131 381 4705 View 0131 381 4705
Photo of Monika Trojanowska, Counsellor, BACP
Monika Trojanowska
Counsellor, BACP
Dalkeith EH22
I am a qualified CBT therapist and SMART Recovery Facilitator.
You may be feeling stuck in patterns that keep repeating despite your best efforts. Perhaps you find yourself overthinking, taking too much responsibility, feeling “not good enough” or emotionally disconnected. Anxiety, low mood or the impact of past experiences may be leaving you exhausted and unsure of who you are beneath these patterns. You may want more than just coping — you want to understand where these patterns come from and how to move towards a more grounded, confident and authentic way of being.
I am a qualified CBT therapist and SMART Recovery Facilitator.
You may be feeling stuck in patterns that keep repeating despite your best efforts. Perhaps you find yourself overthinking, taking too much responsibility, feeling “not good enough” or emotionally disconnected. Anxiety, low mood or the impact of past experiences may be leaving you exhausted and unsure of who you are beneath these patterns. You may want more than just coping — you want to understand where these patterns come from and how to move towards a more grounded, confident and authentic way of being.
0131 381 3423 View 0131 381 3423
Photo of Angela Mcilhagger, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Angela Mcilhagger
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Online Only
Using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ( CBT), we understand the patterns maintaining these difficulties and test new ways of responding, integrating compassion-based and behavioural strategies to support sustainable change.
You may feel caught between high expectations and intense self-criticism. Many of the women I work with are thoughtful, capable people who push themselves hard but still feel they are falling short. At certain points in the month your mood may shift significantly, leaving you feeling like a different person. You might try to stay in control through food or routines, only to feel overwhelmed later. Even when you understand the pattern intellectually, it can still feel difficult to change. You may be looking for practical, evidence-based support to help you understand what is happening and respond differently.
Using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ( CBT), we understand the patterns maintaining these difficulties and test new ways of responding, integrating compassion-based and behavioural strategies to support sustainable change.
You may feel caught between high expectations and intense self-criticism. Many of the women I work with are thoughtful, capable people who push themselves hard but still feel they are falling short. At certain points in the month your mood may shift significantly, leaving you feeling like a different person. You might try to stay in control through food or routines, only to feel overwhelmed later. Even when you understand the pattern intellectually, it can still feel difficult to change. You may be looking for practical, evidence-based support to help you understand what is happening and respond differently.
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Photo of Tracy Carlisle - Open Heart Therapy , Counsellor, MA
Open Heart Therapy
Counsellor, MA
Serves Area
I blend attachment-based, CBT, humanistic, person-centred, and psychodynamic approaches to tailor our work to your needs.
Do you feel like you’re always holding it together for everyone else, but no one’s really there for you? You might be feeling burned out, stuck, or overwhelmed — whether from a lifetime of putting yourself last, coping with a major loss, or carrying unspoken grief. Perhaps you grew up in a family where emotions were ignored or tightly controlled, making it hard now to speak up for yourself, trust your feelings, or ask for help. I help adults who feel unseen, unheard, or emotionally worn down to reconnect with their inner voice and reclaim a sense of self-worth.
I blend attachment-based, CBT, humanistic, person-centred, and psychodynamic approaches to tailor our work to your needs.
Do you feel like you’re always holding it together for everyone else, but no one’s really there for you? You might be feeling burned out, stuck, or overwhelmed — whether from a lifetime of putting yourself last, coping with a major loss, or carrying unspoken grief. Perhaps you grew up in a family where emotions were ignored or tightly controlled, making it hard now to speak up for yourself, trust your feelings, or ask for help. I help adults who feel unseen, unheard, or emotionally worn down to reconnect with their inner voice and reclaim a sense of self-worth.
0131 381 3021 View 0131 381 3021
Photo of Steve Hardie - Bu Therapy, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Bu Therapy
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
CBT ( Cognitive Behaviour Therapy) looks at the present rather than the past and identifies negative or maladaptive thinking styles that make you see things differently and out of focus.
As a CBT therapist, we work together in the present to help solve your issues. I always work at your pace and follow your lead on your issues. I can help in areas such as addiction,anxiety, depression, eating disorders, OCD, panic attack, personality disorder, PTSD, and self-esteem. I can offer this face-to-face.
CBT ( Cognitive Behaviour Therapy) looks at the present rather than the past and identifies negative or maladaptive thinking styles that make you see things differently and out of focus.
As a CBT therapist, we work together in the present to help solve your issues. I always work at your pace and follow your lead on your issues. I can help in areas such as addiction,anxiety, depression, eating disorders, OCD, panic attack, personality disorder, PTSD, and self-esteem. I can offer this face-to-face.
0131 381 8361 View 0131 381 8361
Photo of Rachel Rickman, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Rachel Rickman
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I am a qualified CBT therapist with experience of people with issues such as anxiety, anger, depression and self esteem.
Hello I’m Rachel and a very warm welcome. As you find yourself here, you may be feeling stuck in life at the moment and perhaps issues or difficulties may be causing you distress or to feel overwhelmed. Perhaps you feel anxious, depressed or have low self esteem? Often through no fault of our own we can get caught up in these difficult cycles. The good news is I can help you get "unstuck" and help you to achieve lasting change in your life. I will help you move towards your goals and lead a more fulfilled life. I am here to support you every step of the way, giving you the space and time to discover yourself.
I am a qualified CBT therapist with experience of people with issues such as anxiety, anger, depression and self esteem.
Hello I’m Rachel and a very warm welcome. As you find yourself here, you may be feeling stuck in life at the moment and perhaps issues or difficulties may be causing you distress or to feel overwhelmed. Perhaps you feel anxious, depressed or have low self esteem? Often through no fault of our own we can get caught up in these difficult cycles. The good news is I can help you get "unstuck" and help you to achieve lasting change in your life. I will help you move towards your goals and lead a more fulfilled life. I am here to support you every step of the way, giving you the space and time to discover yourself.
0131 381 8606 View 0131 381 8606
Photo of Sarah Worth, Counsellor, MSc, ACC Reg
Sarah Worth
Counsellor, MSc, ACC Reg
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you have a Christian faith, I integrate Biblical truths with cognitive, behavioural, creative and other therapeutic tools.
I don’t know if you have ever had the opportunity to share your story where someone really listens. I mean really listens, wanting to know you, your story, your ups and downs. Where nothing is off limits. Space to speak what maybe you’ve never spoken before. Sitting in the counsellee seat is not always easy and opening up to someone you do not know can be daunting. I know that taking that first step requires courage and I would love to walk with you on your journey.
If you have a Christian faith, I integrate Biblical truths with cognitive, behavioural, creative and other therapeutic tools.
I don’t know if you have ever had the opportunity to share your story where someone really listens. I mean really listens, wanting to know you, your story, your ups and downs. Where nothing is off limits. Space to speak what maybe you’ve never spoken before. Sitting in the counsellee seat is not always easy and opening up to someone you do not know can be daunting. I know that taking that first step requires courage and I would love to walk with you on your journey.
0131 381 0082 View 0131 381 0082
Photo of Lynn Hogarth, Counsellor, PsychD, MNCPS Acc.
Lynn Hogarth
Counsellor, PsychD, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I may combine and adapt elements of various approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy which is defined to help with negative patterns of thoughts/behaviours.
Psychotherapy is also referred to as talk therapy and is a phrase for a variety of treatment techniques which are aimed to help a person identify and change worrisome emotions, thoughts, feelings, difficult behaviours and patterns. By reflecting and working with a clients past can help recognise the impact this may have on their present and future.
I may combine and adapt elements of various approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy which is defined to help with negative patterns of thoughts/behaviours.
Psychotherapy is also referred to as talk therapy and is a phrase for a variety of treatment techniques which are aimed to help a person identify and change worrisome emotions, thoughts, feelings, difficult behaviours and patterns. By reflecting and working with a clients past can help recognise the impact this may have on their present and future.
01875 440621 View 01875 440621
Photo of Mhairi Spence, Counsellor, MBACP
Mhairi Spence
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I combine evidence-based tools ( CBT, mindfulness, compassion-focused practice) with a person-centred style so every plan is realistic and relevant to your life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety or burnout? Do you feel stuck and unable to cope with life's difficulties? I support adults to feel calmer, more confident and find practical ways forward — face-to-face in Roslin (near Edinburgh) and online across the UK. If work, relationships or life changes are leaving you exhausted, stuck or on edge, counselling can help. I offer a warm, non-judgemental space where you can be heard and start to make sense of what’s happening. Together we’ll explore what’s getting in the way, and I’ll help you develop simple, practical tools you can use in day-to-day life.
I combine evidence-based tools ( CBT, mindfulness, compassion-focused practice) with a person-centred style so every plan is realistic and relevant to your life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety or burnout? Do you feel stuck and unable to cope with life's difficulties? I support adults to feel calmer, more confident and find practical ways forward — face-to-face in Roslin (near Edinburgh) and online across the UK. If work, relationships or life changes are leaving you exhausted, stuck or on edge, counselling can help. I offer a warm, non-judgemental space where you can be heard and start to make sense of what’s happening. Together we’ll explore what’s getting in the way, and I’ll help you develop simple, practical tools you can use in day-to-day life.
01655 509988 View 01655 509988
Photo of Michael Durrington - Chai Counselling Ltd, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Chai Counselling Ltd
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Serves Area
When you encounter difficult times in our day to day lives it is helpful to be able to talk these through with someone who is trained and objective. To help you explore the issues that matter to you, bringing insight and understanding to enable you to find your way through problems and dilemmas.
When you encounter difficult times in our day to day lives it is helpful to be able to talk these through with someone who is trained and objective. To help you explore the issues that matter to you, bringing insight and understanding to enable you to find your way through problems and dilemmas.
07723 435840 View 07723 435840
Photo of Marie Finlay, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Marie Finlay
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I use a holistic approach to therapy that combines CBT, mindfulness, and compassion for personalised support.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, self-doubt, or life’s daily pressures? I support adults, young people and children to manage anxiety, build resilience, and regain a sense of control in their lives. Avoidant behaviours such as withdrawal, procrastination, or overreliance on screens often mask deeper emotional distress. Through a compassionate and practical approach, I help clients uncover these patterns, develop healthier coping strategies, and build lasting confidence.
I use a holistic approach to therapy that combines CBT, mindfulness, and compassion for personalised support.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, self-doubt, or life’s daily pressures? I support adults, young people and children to manage anxiety, build resilience, and regain a sense of control in their lives. Avoidant behaviours such as withdrawal, procrastination, or overreliance on screens often mask deeper emotional distress. Through a compassionate and practical approach, I help clients uncover these patterns, develop healthier coping strategies, and build lasting confidence.
01578 517323 View 01578 517323

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ann Fitzgerald, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Ann Fitzgerald
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
I take a relationship, emotional regulation and developmental approach working with all levels of consciousness as informed by the psychodynamic, attachment, neuroscientific, CBT and mentalization approaches to understanding ‘what makes a human being’.
My approach focuses on the ‘here and now’ of life to enhance psychological awareness, curiosity and exploration to better manage current distress by attuning to emotional, relational, cognitive and behavioural patterns and processes. Well-being is understood as integrating mind-body within the context of your life story, relationships and experiences.
I take a relationship, emotional regulation and developmental approach working with all levels of consciousness as informed by the psychodynamic, attachment, neuroscientific, CBT and mentalization approaches to understanding ‘what makes a human being’.
My approach focuses on the ‘here and now’ of life to enhance psychological awareness, curiosity and exploration to better manage current distress by attuning to emotional, relational, cognitive and behavioural patterns and processes. Well-being is understood as integrating mind-body within the context of your life story, relationships and experiences.
0131 381 2507 View 0131 381 2507
Photo of Dr Cynthia Zammit, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Cynthia Zammit
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
I utilise various evidence-based therapies, including CBT, ACT, EMDR, as well as Experiential therapy, and Schema Therapy.
I work in a flexible and integrative way, guided by your pace and needs. I have experience working across diverse cultural and linguistic contexts and offer culturally sensitive therapy, including working with interpreters where needed. Creating a safe, respectful, and non-judgemental space is central to my practice.
I utilise various evidence-based therapies, including CBT, ACT, EMDR, as well as Experiential therapy, and Schema Therapy.
I work in a flexible and integrative way, guided by your pace and needs. I have experience working across diverse cultural and linguistic contexts and offer culturally sensitive therapy, including working with interpreters where needed. Creating a safe, respectful, and non-judgemental space is central to my practice.
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Photo of Gemma Jepsen, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Gemma Jepsen
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
I’m a qualified integrative psychotherapist, which means I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches, humanistic, psychodynamic, and CBT, to suit the unique needs of each person I work with.
I take a holistic approach to therapy, which means I look at the whole of your experience, not just the immediate problem or symptom. That means we can explore how different parts of your life connect and impact each other, rather than focusing only on quick fixes. The aim is to create space for deeper understanding and meaningful, lasting change.
I’m a qualified integrative psychotherapist, which means I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches, humanistic, psychodynamic, and CBT, to suit the unique needs of each person I work with.
I take a holistic approach to therapy, which means I look at the whole of your experience, not just the immediate problem or symptom. That means we can explore how different parts of your life connect and impact each other, rather than focusing only on quick fixes. The aim is to create space for deeper understanding and meaningful, lasting change.
028 2044 2047 View 028 2044 2047
Photo of Vanessa Mount, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Vanessa Mount
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Serves Area
Whatever the problem, there are various solutions; EMDR, CBT, Talking, Trauma focused and hypnotherpy to aid positive personal growth, enabling you to feel better and find happiness.
Ex military, now multi skilled therapist. The military provided me with valuable insights and experiences. Vast exposure, witnessing various traumas and mental health impacts highlighted the importance of mental health suport and the benefit of it to others. Having supported others for years through issues such as suicide, abuse, sexual vilence, domestic violence, depression, anxiety, selfharm, neglect, relational conflict, PTSD and the impacts of bereavement I wanted to continue similar support throughy therapy.
Whatever the problem, there are various solutions; EMDR, CBT, Talking, Trauma focused and hypnotherpy to aid positive personal growth, enabling you to feel better and find happiness.
Ex military, now multi skilled therapist. The military provided me with valuable insights and experiences. Vast exposure, witnessing various traumas and mental health impacts highlighted the importance of mental health suport and the benefit of it to others. Having supported others for years through issues such as suicide, abuse, sexual vilence, domestic violence, depression, anxiety, selfharm, neglect, relational conflict, PTSD and the impacts of bereavement I wanted to continue similar support throughy therapy.
01704 338319 View 01704 338319
Photo of Aisan Ghaemian - The Feel Better Psychological Services , Psychotherapist, PhD, MBABCP
The Feel Better Psychological Services
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBABCP
All of our clinicians are accredited members of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies (BABCP) in the United Kingdom or United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP).
We are specialized in psychological treatments for Depression Anxiety Aggression Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Anxiety Disorders such as OCD, General Anxiety Disorder, Health Anxiety Social Phobia, Panic & Agoraphobia, Body Dysmorphic Disorder Eating problems such as binge eating
All of our clinicians are accredited members of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies (BABCP) in the United Kingdom or United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP).
We are specialized in psychological treatments for Depression Anxiety Aggression Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Anxiety Disorders such as OCD, General Anxiety Disorder, Health Anxiety Social Phobia, Panic & Agoraphobia, Body Dysmorphic Disorder Eating problems such as binge eating
0800 669 6281 View 0800 669 6281
Cognitive Behavioural (CBT) Counsellors
How does cognitive behavioural therapy work?
Cognitive behavioural therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophising or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy?
It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioural therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioural therapist for someone else?
To find a cognitive behavioural therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioural therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?
CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.