Counselling in Dalkeith

Photo of Karine Coenen, Counsellor, MBACP
Karine Coenen
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Dalkeith EH22
If you experience anxiety, low mood and/or confusion about your emotions, as a person-centred counsellor, I can help you detangle the different aspects of your life that may be activating each other and creating an overall feeling of mental unwellness. I will provide you with a warm, honest and accepting environment in which we can tease-out what really lies at the core of your negative experiences and emotions. This new-found awareness and clarity has the potential to make you feel much more empowered to face-up and overcome past and future challenges and achieve greater mental wellbeing.
If you experience anxiety, low mood and/or confusion about your emotions, as a person-centred counsellor, I can help you detangle the different aspects of your life that may be activating each other and creating an overall feeling of mental unwellness. I will provide you with a warm, honest and accepting environment in which we can tease-out what really lies at the core of your negative experiences and emotions. This new-found awareness and clarity has the potential to make you feel much more empowered to face-up and overcome past and future challenges and achieve greater mental wellbeing.
01721 546421 View 01721 546421
Photo of Monika Trojanowska, Counsellor, BACP
Monika Trojanowska
Counsellor, BACP
Dalkeith EH22
I am a CBT therapist and I can help you if you are struggling with depression, anxiety, low self esteem, relationship problems, addictions and many more. Maybe you would like to cope with your emotions better or make decisions more consciously and live with less fear? Maybe you want to be more compassionate or more self- confident, or think about how to reach out for what you consider important and valuable? If you have decided to reach for therapy, it may mean that you are already tired of avoidance and anger, and you feel that you want to look at your problems from a different perspective and learn new skills.
I am a CBT therapist and I can help you if you are struggling with depression, anxiety, low self esteem, relationship problems, addictions and many more. Maybe you would like to cope with your emotions better or make decisions more consciously and live with less fear? Maybe you want to be more compassionate or more self- confident, or think about how to reach out for what you consider important and valuable? If you have decided to reach for therapy, it may mean that you are already tired of avoidance and anger, and you feel that you want to look at your problems from a different perspective and learn new skills.
0131 381 3423 View 0131 381 3423
Photo of Katrina Cummings, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Katrina Cummings
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Dalkeith EH22
Hi, I’m Katrina, a BACP registered counsellor and psychotherapist. Life comes with many challenges, and these can affect us in many different ways. I offer you a space to explore your experiences at your own pace. I am a person-centred counsellor; this means my counselling is about the relationship we build and supporting you to find the way forward that is right for you. I do not come with a set agenda or any things you ‘should’ do, I provide a space where you can be yourself as you are, free from the judgement and pressures of daily life.
Hi, I’m Katrina, a BACP registered counsellor and psychotherapist. Life comes with many challenges, and these can affect us in many different ways. I offer you a space to explore your experiences at your own pace. I am a person-centred counsellor; this means my counselling is about the relationship we build and supporting you to find the way forward that is right for you. I do not come with a set agenda or any things you ‘should’ do, I provide a space where you can be yourself as you are, free from the judgement and pressures of daily life.
0131 381 4367 View 0131 381 4367
Photo of Stuart Benney - Stuart Benney Counselling & Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Stuart Benney Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Dalkeith EH22
Face-to-Face/Online/Walking appointments available in Bonnyrigg and Dalkeith Hello, I’m Stuart. I know reaching out for counselling isn’t always easy, and I want to recognise the courage it takes to take this step. My aim is to offer a safe, welcoming space where you feel comfortable to share whatever’s on your mind. People often say I’m easy to talk to and that being listened to without judgment helps them feel lighter. We’ll go at a pace that feels right for you, exploring challenges with kindness and honesty. Together, we can work towards the changes, clarity, or sense of peace you’re hoping for.
Face-to-Face/Online/Walking appointments available in Bonnyrigg and Dalkeith Hello, I’m Stuart. I know reaching out for counselling isn’t always easy, and I want to recognise the courage it takes to take this step. My aim is to offer a safe, welcoming space where you feel comfortable to share whatever’s on your mind. People often say I’m easy to talk to and that being listened to without judgment helps them feel lighter. We’ll go at a pace that feels right for you, exploring challenges with kindness and honesty. Together, we can work towards the changes, clarity, or sense of peace you’re hoping for.
0131 381 2849 View 0131 381 2849
Photo of Victoria Gillingham, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Victoria Gillingham
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
1 Endorsed
Dalkeith EH22
Having worked in the field of mental health for over 28 years, I have a deep understanding of the challenges people are faced with on a daily basis. How we experience these challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel alone, helpless and disconnected. There may be times when it's useful to seek help outside of your current circle of support by talking with a counsellor and I can help you find new ways to explore and manage the difficulties you are experiencing. I work with individuals & couples to offer short-term counselling to address immediate concerns, and long term psychotherapy to address complex issues.
Having worked in the field of mental health for over 28 years, I have a deep understanding of the challenges people are faced with on a daily basis. How we experience these challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel alone, helpless and disconnected. There may be times when it's useful to seek help outside of your current circle of support by talking with a counsellor and I can help you find new ways to explore and manage the difficulties you are experiencing. I work with individuals & couples to offer short-term counselling to address immediate concerns, and long term psychotherapy to address complex issues.
07818 682498 View 07818 682498
Photo of Susanne Elisabetha Pugh, Counsellor, BACP
Susanne Elisabetha Pugh
Counsellor, BACP
Dalkeith EH22
Hi there, I’m Susanne Elisabetha, a qualified counsellor with 8 years of experience. I offer a calm, confidential space where you can speak freely and begin to heal. My approach is gentle, trauma-informed, and grounded in Transactional Analysis and mindfulness. I’ll walk alongside you—never rushing, always respecting your pace. I offer you a safe, empathic place within the therapeutic relationship, a confidential space where there is no judgment
Hi there, I’m Susanne Elisabetha, a qualified counsellor with 8 years of experience. I offer a calm, confidential space where you can speak freely and begin to heal. My approach is gentle, trauma-informed, and grounded in Transactional Analysis and mindfulness. I’ll walk alongside you—never rushing, always respecting your pace. I offer you a safe, empathic place within the therapeutic relationship, a confidential space where there is no judgment
01427 808054 View 01427 808054
Photo of Evangelia Botsaki, Counsellor, MBACP
Evangelia Botsaki
Counsellor, MBACP
Dalkeith EH22
Feeling stuck? Is anxiety or low mood affecting your life? People usually come to therapy when they feel that they no longer have the ability to deal with the difficulties they are experiencing. When the previous ways of coping and support by friends and relatives are not enough to offer them the solutions and relief they seek. I offer a safe and confidential space for you to talk about any issues you might have. I will listen to your story with compassion and help you find your own solutions, whether that is making effective changes in your life or change the way you view yourself, others and experience relationships.
Feeling stuck? Is anxiety or low mood affecting your life? People usually come to therapy when they feel that they no longer have the ability to deal with the difficulties they are experiencing. When the previous ways of coping and support by friends and relatives are not enough to offer them the solutions and relief they seek. I offer a safe and confidential space for you to talk about any issues you might have. I will listen to your story with compassion and help you find your own solutions, whether that is making effective changes in your life or change the way you view yourself, others and experience relationships.
0131 381 4705 View 0131 381 4705
Photo of Amy Caffrey Mbacp, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Amy Caffrey Mbacp
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Dalkeith EH22
Anxiety, stress and low mood can leave us feeling overwhelmed and difficult to know how to manage this both in our personal and professional lives. Talking to a therapist can be quite daunting. However, I truly believe talking through a problem can really help. I can help you to identify and understand issues you are struggling with and together we can come up with a plan on how to help you overcome these. I have vast experience in mental health and some of my most recent work has been working through work related dress, neurodiversity, social anxiety and gender dysphoria.
Anxiety, stress and low mood can leave us feeling overwhelmed and difficult to know how to manage this both in our personal and professional lives. Talking to a therapist can be quite daunting. However, I truly believe talking through a problem can really help. I can help you to identify and understand issues you are struggling with and together we can come up with a plan on how to help you overcome these. I have vast experience in mental health and some of my most recent work has been working through work related dress, neurodiversity, social anxiety and gender dysphoria.
01875 444628 View 01875 444628
Photo of Sharon Gurr, Counsellor, MBACP
Sharon Gurr
Counsellor, MBACP
Dalkeith EH22
Hi, I’m Sharon—a warm, compassionate therapist offering a safe and welcoming space to pause, reflect, and reconnect with yourself. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck in patterns, or simply longing for greater clarity and emotional ease, I’m here to support you. My approach is gentle, helping you explore what’s beneath the surface with curiosity and care.
Hi, I’m Sharon—a warm, compassionate therapist offering a safe and welcoming space to pause, reflect, and reconnect with yourself. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck in patterns, or simply longing for greater clarity and emotional ease, I’m here to support you. My approach is gentle, helping you explore what’s beneath the surface with curiosity and care.
0131 381 7792 View 0131 381 7792
Photo of Jason Michael Lumb, DCounsPsych
Jason Michael Lumb
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dalkeith EH22
Are you concerned that your use of substances or coping strategies are getting out of control and is causing problems in your life? Or are you worried that you will not be able to cope without them, even though you would like to cut back or stop? Do you feel locked into thinking styles which are starting to dominate your life such as anxiety or depression and don't know what to do? Imagine if you could regain control of your life so you felt happier, and were no longer dependant or worried about your substance use or problematic behaviours? Recovery for you is possible but sometimes we need a bit of help and guidance to get there.
Are you concerned that your use of substances or coping strategies are getting out of control and is causing problems in your life? Or are you worried that you will not be able to cope without them, even though you would like to cut back or stop? Do you feel locked into thinking styles which are starting to dominate your life such as anxiety or depression and don't know what to do? Imagine if you could regain control of your life so you felt happier, and were no longer dependant or worried about your substance use or problematic behaviours? Recovery for you is possible but sometimes we need a bit of help and guidance to get there.
0131 381 0141 View 0131 381 0141
Photo of Rachel Rickman, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Rachel Rickman
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Online Only
Hello I’m Rachel and a very warm welcome. As you find yourself here, you may be feeling stuck in life at the moment and perhaps issues or difficulties may be causing you distress or to feel overwhelmed. Perhaps you feel anxious, depressed or have low self esteem? Often through no fault of our own we can get caught up in these difficult cycles. The good news is I can help you get "unstuck" and help you to achieve lasting change in your life. I will help you move towards your goals and lead a more fulfilled life. I am here to support you every step of the way, giving you the space and time to discover yourself.
Hello I’m Rachel and a very warm welcome. As you find yourself here, you may be feeling stuck in life at the moment and perhaps issues or difficulties may be causing you distress or to feel overwhelmed. Perhaps you feel anxious, depressed or have low self esteem? Often through no fault of our own we can get caught up in these difficult cycles. The good news is I can help you get "unstuck" and help you to achieve lasting change in your life. I will help you move towards your goals and lead a more fulfilled life. I am here to support you every step of the way, giving you the space and time to discover yourself.
0131 381 8606 View 0131 381 8606
Photo of Tracy Carlisle - Open Heart Therapy , Counsellor, MA
Open Heart Therapy
Counsellor, MA
Serves Area
Do you feel like you’re always holding it together for everyone else, but no one’s really there for you? You might be feeling burned out, stuck, or overwhelmed — whether from a lifetime of putting yourself last, coping with a major loss, or carrying unspoken grief. Perhaps you grew up in a family where emotions were ignored or tightly controlled, making it hard now to speak up for yourself, trust your feelings, or ask for help. I help adults who feel unseen, unheard, or emotionally worn down to reconnect with their inner voice and reclaim a sense of self-worth.
Do you feel like you’re always holding it together for everyone else, but no one’s really there for you? You might be feeling burned out, stuck, or overwhelmed — whether from a lifetime of putting yourself last, coping with a major loss, or carrying unspoken grief. Perhaps you grew up in a family where emotions were ignored or tightly controlled, making it hard now to speak up for yourself, trust your feelings, or ask for help. I help adults who feel unseen, unheard, or emotionally worn down to reconnect with their inner voice and reclaim a sense of self-worth.
0131 381 3021 View 0131 381 3021
Photo of Lynn Hogarth, Counsellor, PsychD, MNCPS Acc.
Lynn Hogarth
Counsellor, PsychD, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an experienced Counsellor/Psychotherapist , Autism & Trauma Informed Practitioner in Midlothian. I offer private therapy for adults on a short, medium, long term basis. I have a welcoming and confidential space where you will be able to discuss your feelings, emotions and difficulties. You will be heard, valued and understood. Together we can work towards changes you desire in a non judgemental approach. The approach I will use will depend on the individual client. I may combine and adapt elements of various approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy which is defined to help with negative patterns of thoughts/behaviours.
I am an experienced Counsellor/Psychotherapist , Autism & Trauma Informed Practitioner in Midlothian. I offer private therapy for adults on a short, medium, long term basis. I have a welcoming and confidential space where you will be able to discuss your feelings, emotions and difficulties. You will be heard, valued and understood. Together we can work towards changes you desire in a non judgemental approach. The approach I will use will depend on the individual client. I may combine and adapt elements of various approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy which is defined to help with negative patterns of thoughts/behaviours.
01875 440621 View 01875 440621
Photo of Mhairi Spence, Counsellor, MBACP
Mhairi Spence
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety or burnout? I support adults to feel calmer, more confident and find practical ways forward — face-to-face in Roslin (near Edinburgh) and online across the UK. If work, relationships or life changes are leaving you exhausted, stuck or on edge, counselling can help. I offer a warm, non-judgemental space where you can be heard and start to make sense of what’s happening. Together we’ll explore what’s getting in the way, and I’ll help you develop simple, practical tools you can use in day-to-day life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety or burnout? I support adults to feel calmer, more confident and find practical ways forward — face-to-face in Roslin (near Edinburgh) and online across the UK. If work, relationships or life changes are leaving you exhausted, stuck or on edge, counselling can help. I offer a warm, non-judgemental space where you can be heard and start to make sense of what’s happening. Together we’ll explore what’s getting in the way, and I’ll help you develop simple, practical tools you can use in day-to-day life.
01655 509988 View 01655 509988
Photo of Michael Durrington - Chai Counselling Ltd, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Chai Counselling Ltd
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Serves Area
When you encounter difficult times in our day to day lives it is helpful to be able to talk these through with someone who is trained and objective. To help you explore the issues that matter to you, bringing insight and understanding to enable you to find your way through problems and dilemmas.
When you encounter difficult times in our day to day lives it is helpful to be able to talk these through with someone who is trained and objective. To help you explore the issues that matter to you, bringing insight and understanding to enable you to find your way through problems and dilemmas.
07723 435840 View 07723 435840
Photo of Tom Lawrence, Psychotherapist, MHGI
Tom Lawrence
Psychotherapist, MHGI
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you are suffering from anxiety - depression/low mood - stress - anger problems - panic attacks - phobias - low self-esteem - self-harming - eating disorders - post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, including military) - addiction (all kinds) - obsessions (OCD) - sleep problems - relationship problems, I can help. Difficulties can often be resolved within only a few sessions – sometimes just one – and in this way can provide good value for money.
If you are suffering from anxiety - depression/low mood - stress - anger problems - panic attacks - phobias - low self-esteem - self-harming - eating disorders - post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, including military) - addiction (all kinds) - obsessions (OCD) - sleep problems - relationship problems, I can help. Difficulties can often be resolved within only a few sessions – sometimes just one – and in this way can provide good value for money.
07887 682291 View 07887 682291
Photo of Sarah Worth, Counsellor, MSc, ACC Reg
Sarah Worth
Counsellor, MSc, ACC Reg
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I don’t know if you have ever had the opportunity to share your story where someone really listens. I mean really listens, wanting to know you, your story, your ups and downs. Where nothing is off limits. Space to speak what maybe you’ve never spoken before. Sitting in the counsellee seat is not always easy and opening up to someone you do not know can be daunting. I know that taking that first step requires courage and I would love to walk with you on your journey.
I don’t know if you have ever had the opportunity to share your story where someone really listens. I mean really listens, wanting to know you, your story, your ups and downs. Where nothing is off limits. Space to speak what maybe you’ve never spoken before. Sitting in the counsellee seat is not always easy and opening up to someone you do not know can be daunting. I know that taking that first step requires courage and I would love to walk with you on your journey.
0131 381 0082 View 0131 381 0082
Photo of Marie Finlay, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Marie Finlay
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, self-doubt, or life’s daily pressures? I support adults, young people and children to manage anxiety, build resilience, and regain a sense of control in their lives. Avoidant behaviours such as withdrawal, procrastination, or overreliance on screens often mask deeper emotional distress. Through a compassionate and practical approach, I help clients uncover these patterns, develop healthier coping strategies, and build lasting confidence.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, self-doubt, or life’s daily pressures? I support adults, young people and children to manage anxiety, build resilience, and regain a sense of control in their lives. Avoidant behaviours such as withdrawal, procrastination, or overreliance on screens often mask deeper emotional distress. Through a compassionate and practical approach, I help clients uncover these patterns, develop healthier coping strategies, and build lasting confidence.
01578 517323 View 01578 517323
Photo of Hazel Stevenson, Counsellor, MCOSCA
Hazel Stevenson
Counsellor, MCOSCA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Welcome! Talking is a wonderful way to share what’s on your mind. You may not even know what is bothering you, but by talking, it helps to get in touch with your emotions and make sense of your thoughts. Changes are often small but can be significant. Speaking with someone who is really listening and can offer a non-judgemental space to fully express yourself, improve your self awareness, and accept you for being you, can help!
Welcome! Talking is a wonderful way to share what’s on your mind. You may not even know what is bothering you, but by talking, it helps to get in touch with your emotions and make sense of your thoughts. Changes are often small but can be significant. Speaking with someone who is really listening and can offer a non-judgemental space to fully express yourself, improve your self awareness, and accept you for being you, can help!
01764 915874 View 01764 915874
Photo of Heather Redwood, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Heather Redwood
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello, and welcome! I am a BACP Registered Counsellor working from the West End of Edinburgh. At the heart of my practice is a fundamental belief in and respect for your agency, intuition, and your capacity to heal and grow in uniquely meaningful ways. My approach is collaborative and I will relate to you as expert in your life. I will listen without judgement, I won’t make assumptions about what’s best for you, and I invite you to arrive in our sessions just as you are.
Hello, and welcome! I am a BACP Registered Counsellor working from the West End of Edinburgh. At the heart of my practice is a fundamental belief in and respect for your agency, intuition, and your capacity to heal and grow in uniquely meaningful ways. My approach is collaborative and I will relate to you as expert in your life. I will listen without judgement, I won’t make assumptions about what’s best for you, and I invite you to arrive in our sessions just as you are.
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Dalkeith

20+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Dalkeith who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
95% Self Esteem
91% Bereavement
86% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
73% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

33% Any/Out-of-network Insurance
33% Bupa
33% Vitality

How Counsellors in Dalkeith see their clients

95% In Person and Online
5% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
24% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Dalkeith?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.