Counselling in S74

Photo of Juliet Smart, Counsellor, MBACP
Juliet Smart
Counsellor, MBACP
Hi, I am a mature counsellor working online, by phone and in person. Many life transitions are the catalyst for seeking help. Talking to me in a unjudged safe space can help you provide the answers, unpicking a lifetimes hurt and shame. Working through the jumble of memories, people who have caused you harm and spoken critical words takes its toll and won’t go away by just ignoring it. Our own self criticism can eat away at the successes. I can help you make sense of it and move forward with your life’s goals that you deserve finally.
Hi, I am a mature counsellor working online, by phone and in person. Many life transitions are the catalyst for seeking help. Talking to me in a unjudged safe space can help you provide the answers, unpicking a lifetimes hurt and shame. Working through the jumble of memories, people who have caused you harm and spoken critical words takes its toll and won’t go away by just ignoring it. Our own self criticism can eat away at the successes. I can help you make sense of it and move forward with your life’s goals that you deserve finally.
01226 668780 View 01226 668780
Photo of Danny Morley, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Danny Morley
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Sometimes the very things that make us successful—our drive, our focus, our energy—can become the sources of our deepest struggles. If you are battling an eating disorder, navigating the "noise" of ADHD, or losing your sense of self within a high-pressure sporting career, I am here to help you find a way forward. With two Masters degrees in Psychotherapy and Psychology and a background in Sports Science, I offer a unique, holistic perspective on mental health. I specialise in the intersection of neurodiversity and disordered eating, particularly for those in performance-heavy environments.
Sometimes the very things that make us successful—our drive, our focus, our energy—can become the sources of our deepest struggles. If you are battling an eating disorder, navigating the "noise" of ADHD, or losing your sense of self within a high-pressure sporting career, I am here to help you find a way forward. With two Masters degrees in Psychotherapy and Psychology and a background in Sports Science, I offer a unique, holistic perspective on mental health. I specialise in the intersection of neurodiversity and disordered eating, particularly for those in performance-heavy environments.
01623 392334 View 01623 392334
Photo of Anna Potts, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Anna Potts
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I can help with change and 'stuckness'. If you are: adjusting to a diagnosis like autism; a young adult starting or leaving something; processing changes or news; evolving spirituality, religion or noticing coercion or abuse in religions. I can also help during struggles with anxiety, depression or other challenges. My professional experience includes working with neurodivergence, abuse and life stage. Things like: arenthood; menopause; a diagnosis; studying/work; relationships starting or ending; recognising coercion in a religion or changing your religious views and beliefs; leaving or joining a group; loss / ending / new start.
I can help with change and 'stuckness'. If you are: adjusting to a diagnosis like autism; a young adult starting or leaving something; processing changes or news; evolving spirituality, religion or noticing coercion or abuse in religions. I can also help during struggles with anxiety, depression or other challenges. My professional experience includes working with neurodivergence, abuse and life stage. Things like: arenthood; menopause; a diagnosis; studying/work; relationships starting or ending; recognising coercion in a religion or changing your religious views and beliefs; leaving or joining a group; loss / ending / new start.
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Photo of Kate Roper - Kate Roper Counselling , Counsellor, MBACP
Kate Roper Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
As a fully qualified therapist and Registered member of the BACP, I am committed to providing ethical support tailored to you, the client. You are at the core of the process; I will follow your lead, working at a pace that feels comfortable for you, and together we will find the most suitable style of counselling to address your concerns. Whilst my practice has a strong foundation in person-centred counselling, I am dedicated to ongoing training and professional development, allowing me to draw from a diverse range of approaches, ensuring that you receive the best possible support for your circumstances.
As a fully qualified therapist and Registered member of the BACP, I am committed to providing ethical support tailored to you, the client. You are at the core of the process; I will follow your lead, working at a pace that feels comfortable for you, and together we will find the most suitable style of counselling to address your concerns. Whilst my practice has a strong foundation in person-centred counselling, I am dedicated to ongoing training and professional development, allowing me to draw from a diverse range of approaches, ensuring that you receive the best possible support for your circumstances.
01226 664437 View 01226 664437

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jan Ockendon, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Jan Ockendon
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Leeds LS17
Many of my clients arrive feeling low in confidence, stuck in family or friendship struggles, or weighed down by loss, trauma, anxiety or big life transitions. They leave calmer, clearer, and more like themselves again. Clients often tell me they walk into my room, exhale deeply, and finally feel safe enough to let go. They feel listened to, respected, and gently challenged in ways that help them understand themselves more fully.
Many of my clients arrive feeling low in confidence, stuck in family or friendship struggles, or weighed down by loss, trauma, anxiety or big life transitions. They leave calmer, clearer, and more like themselves again. Clients often tell me they walk into my room, exhale deeply, and finally feel safe enough to let go. They feel listened to, respected, and gently challenged in ways that help them understand themselves more fully.
01937 229261 View 01937 229261
Photo of Peter Braham, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Peter Braham
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
We can't change the past but we can understand the influence it has had on us. We can't change other people, but we can grow and change ourselves. Counselling is an opportunity to think about the life we want and to work on making it happen. Sometimes this means identifying and disrupting old patterns that no longer work for us. Sometimes it means becoming more assertive, "emotionally literate", confident or empathic. Sometimes it means being able to tell which people are good for us right now. Sometimes it just means crying out the hurt.
We can't change the past but we can understand the influence it has had on us. We can't change other people, but we can grow and change ourselves. Counselling is an opportunity to think about the life we want and to work on making it happen. Sometimes this means identifying and disrupting old patterns that no longer work for us. Sometimes it means becoming more assertive, "emotionally literate", confident or empathic. Sometimes it means being able to tell which people are good for us right now. Sometimes it just means crying out the hurt.
01347 668135 View 01347 668135
Photo of Harry Raison, Counsellor, ACC Reg
Harry Raison
Counsellor, ACC Reg
1 Endorsed
Perhaps you're exhausted by a harsh inner critic or struggling with low self-esteem masked by external competence, or maybe you don't even know why you're looking at therapy, but you know there's something going on there... Let's work together. Many of my clients crave a unified sense of self—a true singularity. I work collaboratively in Sheffield (online/in-person) using an Integrative approach, blending Compassion-Focussed Therapy, attachment therapy and CBT. Together, we build your resilience and strategies to stop surviving and start living authentically. Let's find the clarity you need.
Perhaps you're exhausted by a harsh inner critic or struggling with low self-esteem masked by external competence, or maybe you don't even know why you're looking at therapy, but you know there's something going on there... Let's work together. Many of my clients crave a unified sense of self—a true singularity. I work collaboratively in Sheffield (online/in-person) using an Integrative approach, blending Compassion-Focussed Therapy, attachment therapy and CBT. Together, we build your resilience and strategies to stop surviving and start living authentically. Let's find the clarity you need.
0114 697 6568 View 0114 697 6568
Photo of Heather Stothard - Bloom within counselling & psychotherapy , Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Many people face a variety of challenges in their lives that can significantly impact their well-being. For some, this may manifest as anxiety, which can create overwhelming feelings of worry and unease, or if you are dealing with depression, characterized by persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities. Additionally, if you are grappling with the effects of past trauma, which can lead to flashbacks, emotional distress, and difficulties in forming trusting relationships. In counseling, I aim to provide a supportive environment where clients can explore these issues in depth.
Many people face a variety of challenges in their lives that can significantly impact their well-being. For some, this may manifest as anxiety, which can create overwhelming feelings of worry and unease, or if you are dealing with depression, characterized by persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities. Additionally, if you are grappling with the effects of past trauma, which can lead to flashbacks, emotional distress, and difficulties in forming trusting relationships. In counseling, I aim to provide a supportive environment where clients can explore these issues in depth.
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Photo of Mark Christopher Dove, Counsellor, MBACP
Mark Christopher Dove
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Hello, and thank you for visiting my profile. If you're reading this, it's possible that you're going through a difficult time in your life. Please know that you don't have to face it alone – I’m here to help you find your way forward with understanding, care, and professional support. I’m a qualified counsellor offering a warm, client-centred approach to therapy. My work is based on a person-centred and integrative model, which means our sessions are shaped around you – your experiences, your goals, and what you feel ready to explore. Together, we can work to break unhelpful patterns, to help you build better ways of living.
Hello, and thank you for visiting my profile. If you're reading this, it's possible that you're going through a difficult time in your life. Please know that you don't have to face it alone – I’m here to help you find your way forward with understanding, care, and professional support. I’m a qualified counsellor offering a warm, client-centred approach to therapy. My work is based on a person-centred and integrative model, which means our sessions are shaped around you – your experiences, your goals, and what you feel ready to explore. Together, we can work to break unhelpful patterns, to help you build better ways of living.
01756 630578 View 01756 630578
Photo of Dr Ria Talwar, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Ria Talwar
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Leeds LS7
Starting therapy can sometimes be a daunting experience. Our first session will be an opportunity for us to get to know each other. You can consider whether I am the right fit for you, and we can explore your goals and motivations for therapy, creating a collaborative plan for potentially working together. With lots of space for any questions you may have! I hold a strong desire to create space for individuals to share their voices, to feel seen and to be heard. Alongside my professional knowledge, I hope to draw from my personal journey to inspire warmth, authenticity, and connection within the therapeutic relationship we build.
Starting therapy can sometimes be a daunting experience. Our first session will be an opportunity for us to get to know each other. You can consider whether I am the right fit for you, and we can explore your goals and motivations for therapy, creating a collaborative plan for potentially working together. With lots of space for any questions you may have! I hold a strong desire to create space for individuals to share their voices, to feel seen and to be heard. Alongside my professional knowledge, I hope to draw from my personal journey to inspire warmth, authenticity, and connection within the therapeutic relationship we build.
020 4572 2323 View 020 4572 2323
Photo of Carrie Meadows, Counsellor, BACP
Carrie Meadows
Counsellor, BACP
2 Endorsed
Matlock DE4
Hi, I’m Carrie – Helping You Heal, Grow, and Take Control. You may feel stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected—held back by anxiety, low self-esteem, past trauma, or burnout. Perhaps your relationships feel strained, you’re struggling with grief, or major life changes. You know something needs to shift, but you're unsure how. That’s where I come in. With 20 years of experience in mental health, counselling, parent coaching, education, and holistic well-being, I offer more than just talk therapy. We go deeper—helping you release trauma patterns stored in your body and develop techniques that empower you inside and outside of therapy
Hi, I’m Carrie – Helping You Heal, Grow, and Take Control. You may feel stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected—held back by anxiety, low self-esteem, past trauma, or burnout. Perhaps your relationships feel strained, you’re struggling with grief, or major life changes. You know something needs to shift, but you're unsure how. That’s where I come in. With 20 years of experience in mental health, counselling, parent coaching, education, and holistic well-being, I offer more than just talk therapy. We go deeper—helping you release trauma patterns stored in your body and develop techniques that empower you inside and outside of therapy
0114 697 3434 View 0114 697 3434
Photo of Jekaterina Kohova, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Jekaterina Kohova
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
I help strong, capable, and dependable individuals - the ones everyone relies on - who carry their own needs and everyone else’s on their shoulders. From the outside they appear resilient and in control, but inside they are often exhausted. I offer a space where they no longer have to “handle it” alone.
I help strong, capable, and dependable individuals - the ones everyone relies on - who carry their own needs and everyone else’s on their shoulders. From the outside they appear resilient and in control, but inside they are often exhausted. I offer a space where they no longer have to “handle it” alone.
0114 697 7263 View 0114 697 7263
Photo of Alanna Rusch, Counsellor, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Alanna Rusch
Counsellor, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Hi, I'm Alanna, a registered art psychotherapist. Setting aside time and giving space for experiences, thoughts and emotions to be felt, processed and understood can be powerful. I offer a non judgemental space to be curious together about you. This can be healing and understanding yourself better can help with making healthier choices and moving towards more self acceptance.
Hi, I'm Alanna, a registered art psychotherapist. Setting aside time and giving space for experiences, thoughts and emotions to be felt, processed and understood can be powerful. I offer a non judgemental space to be curious together about you. This can be healing and understanding yourself better can help with making healthier choices and moving towards more self acceptance.
0114 697 0697 View 0114 697 0697
Photo of Mamta Ward, Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Mamta Ward
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
Taking the first step towards therapy — whether individually or as a couple — can feel daunting. I offer a warm, confidential and emotionally safe space where you can speak openly and be met with care, respect and understanding. Our work will always be guided by your needs, your pace and your goals. I work inclusively with all identities, including LGBTQIA+ identities, racial identity and neurodivergence, offering a neuroaffirmative, non-judgemental approach which honours who you are with someone who understands where you are starting from.
Taking the first step towards therapy — whether individually or as a couple — can feel daunting. I offer a warm, confidential and emotionally safe space where you can speak openly and be met with care, respect and understanding. Our work will always be guided by your needs, your pace and your goals. I work inclusively with all identities, including LGBTQIA+ identities, racial identity and neurodivergence, offering a neuroaffirmative, non-judgemental approach which honours who you are with someone who understands where you are starting from.
07401 206254 View 07401 206254
Photo of Dr Lucy Helena Doherty, Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Dr Lucy Helena Doherty
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Serves Area
You don’t need to learn to “live with it” you need to understand what is keeping it going, and how to change it. I am Dr Lucy Doherty, a health psychologist specialising in the mind–body connection, with a focus on chronic stress, pain, and burnout. If you are feeling overwhelmed, stuck in cycles of distress, or as though nothing has truly helped, you are not alone. Many of the people I work with are living with anxiety, burnout, chronic pain, or long-term health conditions that feel complex, exhausting, and often misunderstood. What you are experiencing is real.
You don’t need to learn to “live with it” you need to understand what is keeping it going, and how to change it. I am Dr Lucy Doherty, a health psychologist specialising in the mind–body connection, with a focus on chronic stress, pain, and burnout. If you are feeling overwhelmed, stuck in cycles of distress, or as though nothing has truly helped, you are not alone. Many of the people I work with are living with anxiety, burnout, chronic pain, or long-term health conditions that feel complex, exhausting, and often misunderstood. What you are experiencing is real.
01625 464156 View 01625 464156
Photo of Johanna Osborn, Counsellor, MBACP
Johanna Osborn
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling lost and confused about where to start? Maybe you feel full of big emotions that are hard to process or maybe you are struggling to feel anything at all right now? Perhaps you feel stuck in patterns of thought or have noticed situations in your life recurring again and again and are left wondering where things went wrong? Let's have a chat. In counselling, we will work together to help you unpack some of these feelings and move forward into a fulfilling life where your mental health no longer holds you back.
Are you feeling lost and confused about where to start? Maybe you feel full of big emotions that are hard to process or maybe you are struggling to feel anything at all right now? Perhaps you feel stuck in patterns of thought or have noticed situations in your life recurring again and again and are left wondering where things went wrong? Let's have a chat. In counselling, we will work together to help you unpack some of these feelings and move forward into a fulfilling life where your mental health no longer holds you back.
0161 524 9824 View 0161 524 9824
Photo of Adeola Iluyomade, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Adeola Iluyomade
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Leeds LS16
I offer a space to talk, giving you time out to reflect and to explore self-development. As an Integrative Relational Therapeutic Counsellor, I draw on different models of therapy including Psychodynamic, Systemic, Interpersonal Process, CBT, Transactional Analysis amongst others in supporting you to reach your desired goals to maximise your full potentials. Meaning, you will find my approach friendly, empowering and conversational in style. I take great care in ensuring that you feel safe, respected and valued. I offer flexibility of short or long term therapy as tailored round your needs. I adhere to the ethics & codes of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy.
I offer a space to talk, giving you time out to reflect and to explore self-development. As an Integrative Relational Therapeutic Counsellor, I draw on different models of therapy including Psychodynamic, Systemic, Interpersonal Process, CBT, Transactional Analysis amongst others in supporting you to reach your desired goals to maximise your full potentials. Meaning, you will find my approach friendly, empowering and conversational in style. I take great care in ensuring that you feel safe, respected and valued. I offer flexibility of short or long term therapy as tailored round your needs. I adhere to the ethics & codes of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy.
0113 467 9309 View 0113 467 9309
Photo of Siobhan McHale - Serene Self Psychology Ltd, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serene Self Psychology Ltd
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Retford DN22
My philosophy as a human and counseling psychologist is based on my belief that every human being is unique and that we have an innate capability to heal from distressing life experiences. I love working with people using a compassion-focused approach to help them move towards a more compassionate relationship with themselves. I feel truly privileged to be part of a process where someone can use the scaffold of our work to achieve a balance in their life and relationships that brings them joy. Compassion isn’t always easy, it’s certainly not soft but it might just be the most powerful and loving thing that you can do for yourself.
My philosophy as a human and counseling psychologist is based on my belief that every human being is unique and that we have an innate capability to heal from distressing life experiences. I love working with people using a compassion-focused approach to help them move towards a more compassionate relationship with themselves. I feel truly privileged to be part of a process where someone can use the scaffold of our work to achieve a balance in their life and relationships that brings them joy. Compassion isn’t always easy, it’s certainly not soft but it might just be the most powerful and loving thing that you can do for yourself.
01400 225989 View 01400 225989
Photo of Jade Emma Willows, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Jade Emma Willows
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Hi, my name is Jade and I have a Masters (MSc) in Counselling and Psychotherapy. I work predominantly in a Person-Centred way which means that I create a space where clients may connect with their own inner voice, in a safe, non-judgemental and compassionate environment. Putting the therapeutic process itself into words is difficult, the process often goes beyond words, as anyone who has felt the power of therapy will attest to. It’s a right brain to right brain connection, where the compassion and attunement of the therapist gently begins to shift something in the nervous system and neural networks of the client.
Hi, my name is Jade and I have a Masters (MSc) in Counselling and Psychotherapy. I work predominantly in a Person-Centred way which means that I create a space where clients may connect with their own inner voice, in a safe, non-judgemental and compassionate environment. Putting the therapeutic process itself into words is difficult, the process often goes beyond words, as anyone who has felt the power of therapy will attest to. It’s a right brain to right brain connection, where the compassion and attunement of the therapist gently begins to shift something in the nervous system and neural networks of the client.
01422 415047 View 01422 415047
Photo of Stuart Gore, Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Stuart Gore
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
Are you struggling with heightened anxiety, low mood, anger, addition or other emotional issues? I offer psychological therapy to help you on your way to improved emotional wellbeing. Engaging in therapy can help improve your day to day mood, your sleep, increase motivation and enhance your relationships.
Are you struggling with heightened anxiety, low mood, anger, addition or other emotional issues? I offer psychological therapy to help you on your way to improved emotional wellbeing. Engaging in therapy can help improve your day to day mood, your sleep, increase motivation and enhance your relationships.
01484 240344 View 01484 240344

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in S74

< 10

Counsellors in S74 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Bereavement
100% Stress
75% Divorce
75% Autism
75% Family Conflict
50% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

4 Years

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male

How Counsellors in S74 see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in S74?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.