Counselling in Manchester

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Photo of Yvonne Elizabeth Meidlinger, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Yvonne Elizabeth Meidlinger
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M21
I believe that the therapist and client come together as a team to work through issues that may stand in the way of you reaching your potential. Through my training, I have mainly used Transactional Analysis, but also have some experience working in a solution-focussed way and like to work integratively as each person is an individual who may like to work in a different way. I work with people on a range of issues, but find that I work with people with anxiety or depression most commonly, and pride myself on working hard to make people feel at ease.
I believe that the therapist and client come together as a team to work through issues that may stand in the way of you reaching your potential. Through my training, I have mainly used Transactional Analysis, but also have some experience working in a solution-focussed way and like to work integratively as each person is an individual who may like to work in a different way. I work with people on a range of issues, but find that I work with people with anxiety or depression most commonly, and pride myself on working hard to make people feel at ease.
0161 850 7103 View 0161 850 7103
Photo of Francesca Browning, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Francesca Browning
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manchester M32  (Online Only)
Life is full of ups and downs and sometimes we can struggle making sense of everything. These feelings may become overwhelming and difficult to endure. Asking for help is OK. Counselling could be the help you need. Unlike talking to friends or family, speaking with an impartial skilled and caring professional can help alleviate feelings and develop your ability to mange and feel more in control. I am a BACP qualified counsellor working in a person-centred way. This means I offer a warm, supportive and nurturing environment where I will listen without judgement and prejudice to whatever feels most significant to you.
Life is full of ups and downs and sometimes we can struggle making sense of everything. These feelings may become overwhelming and difficult to endure. Asking for help is OK. Counselling could be the help you need. Unlike talking to friends or family, speaking with an impartial skilled and caring professional can help alleviate feelings and develop your ability to mange and feel more in control. I am a BACP qualified counsellor working in a person-centred way. This means I offer a warm, supportive and nurturing environment where I will listen without judgement and prejudice to whatever feels most significant to you.
0161 524 4284 View 0161 524 4284
Photo of Sue Casey, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Sue Casey
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M19  (Online Only)
My role is to guide you out from living in the past and to re-decide a better future. This is your story and now is the beginning. It is never too late to choose a different path towards a more positive outcome.
My role is to guide you out from living in the past and to re-decide a better future. This is your story and now is the beginning. It is never too late to choose a different path towards a more positive outcome.
0161 524 6405 View 0161 524 6405
Photo of Dr Aspasia Ftenou, Psychologist in Manchester, England
Dr Aspasia Ftenou
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Manchester M2  (Online Only)
Perhaps you may feel anxious, worried or on edge? Maybe you struggle getting on with daily tasks or not enjoying things as much as you did? Do you have negative memories from the past that impact your life now? Or you may have negative thoughts about yourself which may affect your relationship with others? We may talk about your difficulties and set goals to help you in therapy. In our sessions you will experience acceptance and empathy so as to express your thoughts and feelings in a safe and warm space created by our therapeutic relationship.
Perhaps you may feel anxious, worried or on edge? Maybe you struggle getting on with daily tasks or not enjoying things as much as you did? Do you have negative memories from the past that impact your life now? Or you may have negative thoughts about yourself which may affect your relationship with others? We may talk about your difficulties and set goals to help you in therapy. In our sessions you will experience acceptance and empathy so as to express your thoughts and feelings in a safe and warm space created by our therapeutic relationship.
01707 240830 View 01707 240830
Photo of Juno Clinic in Manchester, England
Juno Clinic
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M22
Waitlist for new clients
Our assessments go beyond the surface, aiming for a profound understanding of individual experiences and challenges. As a mental health nurse with a commitment to compassionate care, I prioritise creating a safe and supportive space. The assessment process involves detailed conversations where we explore your unique journey with ADHD. Your experiences matter, and we want to understand them thoroughly. Our assessments are not just about ticking boxes. We utilise a variety of evidence-based tools to provide a meticulous evaluation.
Our assessments go beyond the surface, aiming for a profound understanding of individual experiences and challenges. As a mental health nurse with a commitment to compassionate care, I prioritise creating a safe and supportive space. The assessment process involves detailed conversations where we explore your unique journey with ADHD. Your experiences matter, and we want to understand them thoroughly. Our assessments are not just about ticking boxes. We utilise a variety of evidence-based tools to provide a meticulous evaluation.
0161 524 9331 View 0161 524 9331
Photo of Salmaa Timol, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Salmaa Timol
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M2
At any stage in life, we can experience changes or moments where it becomes difficult to cope with our thoughts and feelings. This can result in feeling stuck and not knowing how to process what we're experiencing. What can make this more difficult is knowing who or how to open up to others or feeling like what you're experiencing is too much for someone to understand. Having a therapist allows you to share all parts of you, parts that are accepted wholeheartedly without shame or judgement, which may not feel possible even with those you feel closest to.
At any stage in life, we can experience changes or moments where it becomes difficult to cope with our thoughts and feelings. This can result in feeling stuck and not knowing how to process what we're experiencing. What can make this more difficult is knowing who or how to open up to others or feeling like what you're experiencing is too much for someone to understand. Having a therapist allows you to share all parts of you, parts that are accepted wholeheartedly without shame or judgement, which may not feel possible even with those you feel closest to.
01707 246829 View 01707 246829
Photo of Kingsley Ogun, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Kingsley Ogun
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Manchester M3  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with trauma, low self esteem, depression, self sabotaging behaviours, obsessions ,anxiety, or major life events? There comes a time when these issues get on top of us , we feel stuck and need to make a change!. I am a Registered and fully accredited BABCP Psychotherapist and Core Mental Health Professional (NMC Registered) and I’d love to help you on your journey towards change and self-discovery. My goals are to help you understand yourself, life experience and your trauma on a deeper level then to help brake unhelpful cycles/ patterns of thoughts and behaviours creating a positive change.
Are you struggling with trauma, low self esteem, depression, self sabotaging behaviours, obsessions ,anxiety, or major life events? There comes a time when these issues get on top of us , we feel stuck and need to make a change!. I am a Registered and fully accredited BABCP Psychotherapist and Core Mental Health Professional (NMC Registered) and I’d love to help you on your journey towards change and self-discovery. My goals are to help you understand yourself, life experience and your trauma on a deeper level then to help brake unhelpful cycles/ patterns of thoughts and behaviours creating a positive change.
01707 954052 View 01707 954052
Photo of The Meraki Way | Laura, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
The Meraki Way | Laura
Psychotherapist, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Manchester M2
As a Creative Arts Psychotherapist & Somatic Breathworker, I offer a safe supportive confidential trauma-informed space to move beyond the limitations of the mind & relying on words. Whether you feel stressed, anxious, overwhelmed, lost, low, stuck or creatively blocked, talking things through may help, but to truly change what is showing up and holding you back from how you want to feel and who you know you can be, we need to work in a creative embodied way beyond words. With our human experience of exposure to stress and trauma living in the body, our subconscious thoughts are fed from a place of fear, activation, and survival.
As a Creative Arts Psychotherapist & Somatic Breathworker, I offer a safe supportive confidential trauma-informed space to move beyond the limitations of the mind & relying on words. Whether you feel stressed, anxious, overwhelmed, lost, low, stuck or creatively blocked, talking things through may help, but to truly change what is showing up and holding you back from how you want to feel and who you know you can be, we need to work in a creative embodied way beyond words. With our human experience of exposure to stress and trauma living in the body, our subconscious thoughts are fed from a place of fear, activation, and survival.
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Photo of Mousumi Sengupta, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Mousumi Sengupta
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M20  (Online Only)
I am a Person Centred Counsellor based in South Manchester, offering a safe, nurturing, confidential and non-judgmental space to help you address your needs, heal, and move forward. My core model, Person Centred therapy which is a humanistic model of counselling that places the client at the center of therapy. My diverse life experience and background in teaching and education inform my Person Centred Approach. I consider it a privilege to see my clients heal, grow, and make long-lasting progress in their life journey.
I am a Person Centred Counsellor based in South Manchester, offering a safe, nurturing, confidential and non-judgmental space to help you address your needs, heal, and move forward. My core model, Person Centred therapy which is a humanistic model of counselling that places the client at the center of therapy. My diverse life experience and background in teaching and education inform my Person Centred Approach. I consider it a privilege to see my clients heal, grow, and make long-lasting progress in their life journey.
0161 524 2089 x0044 View 0161 524 2089 x0044
Photo of Anna Faff, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Anna Faff
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Manchester M24
I am a psychotherapist on the spectrum with ADHD. I have been late diagnosed so I can relate to NT and ND. I understand how life-changing could be for anyone to be diagnosed with Autism. I am helping people who are experiencing detachment, unexplained pain, and lack of stability. Along with high levels of emotional distress, mood difficulties, shame, guilt, difficulties with self-esteem and difficulties in life in general. I offer a non-judgemental, welcoming space where you can find your own solutions and paths that would lead you to growth and building resilience.
I am a psychotherapist on the spectrum with ADHD. I have been late diagnosed so I can relate to NT and ND. I understand how life-changing could be for anyone to be diagnosed with Autism. I am helping people who are experiencing detachment, unexplained pain, and lack of stability. Along with high levels of emotional distress, mood difficulties, shame, guilt, difficulties with self-esteem and difficulties in life in general. I offer a non-judgemental, welcoming space where you can find your own solutions and paths that would lead you to growth and building resilience.
0161 524 0507 View 0161 524 0507
Photo of Jocelyn Harvey, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Jocelyn Harvey
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Manchester M21
Not accepting new clients
I started my counselling training over 12 years ago and have years of experience working with people who are striving to understand themselves and these complicated lives that we are all living. I will never get over how much courage it takes to reach out for help at a time of crisis and I am always blown away at the strength and resilience of the human mind. I believe that we all have the potential to grow & heal and that counselling works to facilitate this process. Counselling is for everyone. Not just those who may consider themselves to be in an extreme crisis. I treat each client as an individual working with your unique needs
I started my counselling training over 12 years ago and have years of experience working with people who are striving to understand themselves and these complicated lives that we are all living. I will never get over how much courage it takes to reach out for help at a time of crisis and I am always blown away at the strength and resilience of the human mind. I believe that we all have the potential to grow & heal and that counselling works to facilitate this process. Counselling is for everyone. Not just those who may consider themselves to be in an extreme crisis. I treat each client as an individual working with your unique needs
0161 509 6114 View 0161 509 6114
Photo of Hayley Dunn, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Hayley Dunn
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M32
There are many reasons why someone might seek therapy. You could be a stage in your life where you are confused about who you really are and what to do next. You may be haunted by old traumas or facing new challenges. It may be that you are experiencing relationship or family issues, there may be problems at work. You may be going through grief and loss, or facing illness or disability. Any of this could leave you feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed or burnt out. Alternatively, you may not know why you are struggling with your mental health. I provide a calm, warm, supportive presence to help you figure it all out.
There are many reasons why someone might seek therapy. You could be a stage in your life where you are confused about who you really are and what to do next. You may be haunted by old traumas or facing new challenges. It may be that you are experiencing relationship or family issues, there may be problems at work. You may be going through grief and loss, or facing illness or disability. Any of this could leave you feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed or burnt out. Alternatively, you may not know why you are struggling with your mental health. I provide a calm, warm, supportive presence to help you figure it all out.
0161 694 7412 View 0161 694 7412
Photo of Donna Sullivan, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Donna Sullivan
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Manchester M14
I'm really interested in people - who we are and why we become who we are. In order to understand ourselves it can help to talk about ourselves, our experiences and feelings. I can offer a safe, secure and non judgmental space where you can do this. Together we can work out why you have reached a point in your life that may be causing you problems, or why you may be feeling stuck. I work with people who are overwhelmed by their circumstances or feel anxious and depressed and find it difficult to move forward. Counselling can give you an opportunity to examine how you can change and improve your circumstances.
I'm really interested in people - who we are and why we become who we are. In order to understand ourselves it can help to talk about ourselves, our experiences and feelings. I can offer a safe, secure and non judgmental space where you can do this. Together we can work out why you have reached a point in your life that may be causing you problems, or why you may be feeling stuck. I work with people who are overwhelmed by their circumstances or feel anxious and depressed and find it difficult to move forward. Counselling can give you an opportunity to examine how you can change and improve your circumstances.
0161 519 4753 View 0161 519 4753
Photo of Sally Hinchliffe, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Sally Hinchliffe
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Manchester M46
I have worked in the NHS since 2015 providing interventions for those presenting with mental health difficulties, such as panic disorder, depression, anxiety and generalised anxiety. My aim is to develop a warm therapeutic relationship, which maximises honesty and openness for us to collaboratively work towards goals for therapy. I am flexible and transparent in my approach, and adapt cognitive behavioural therapy to suit the needs of you. My role would be to develop a shared understanding of any difficulties by completing an in-depth assessment and formulation, to work together to manage these difficulties.
I have worked in the NHS since 2015 providing interventions for those presenting with mental health difficulties, such as panic disorder, depression, anxiety and generalised anxiety. My aim is to develop a warm therapeutic relationship, which maximises honesty and openness for us to collaboratively work towards goals for therapy. I am flexible and transparent in my approach, and adapt cognitive behavioural therapy to suit the needs of you. My role would be to develop a shared understanding of any difficulties by completing an in-depth assessment and formulation, to work together to manage these difficulties.
01942 918730 View 01942 918730
Photo of Angela Cottrell, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Angela Cottrell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M16
Not accepting new clients
I am committed to supporting women with a particular interest in issues relating to our struggles, inequalities, and injustices. Working with intergenerational trauma resonates with me, often the result of childhood and environmental circumstances, held and passed down through our ancestors, impacting our everyday lives. I work with increased insight, both sensitively and compassionately. Personal lived experience of "calling out" and sitting with my own cycle of trauma enables me to work empathetically to affect change, welcoming you to come to therapy just as you are.
I am committed to supporting women with a particular interest in issues relating to our struggles, inequalities, and injustices. Working with intergenerational trauma resonates with me, often the result of childhood and environmental circumstances, held and passed down through our ancestors, impacting our everyday lives. I work with increased insight, both sensitively and compassionately. Personal lived experience of "calling out" and sitting with my own cycle of trauma enables me to work empathetically to affect change, welcoming you to come to therapy just as you are.
01707 241116 View 01707 241116
Photo of Stephen Griffiths Swgcounselling, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Stephen Griffiths Swgcounselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M20
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Counsellor based in Manchester offering In person and online sessions. Life can be challenging, and in places it can feel intolerable and overwhelming it can be difficult to know where to start unravelling this, how to make changes, what changes, if any, we need to make, and to try to make sense of why we feel the way that we do. This can be a very painful experience but however dark it may be today, doesn't mean tomorrow won't be lighter, counselling can offer an opportunity to be heard and to be understood. I work with clients from all backgrounds but have particular experience working with Addiction and with LGBT+ issues.
I am a Counsellor based in Manchester offering In person and online sessions. Life can be challenging, and in places it can feel intolerable and overwhelming it can be difficult to know where to start unravelling this, how to make changes, what changes, if any, we need to make, and to try to make sense of why we feel the way that we do. This can be a very painful experience but however dark it may be today, doesn't mean tomorrow won't be lighter, counselling can offer an opportunity to be heard and to be understood. I work with clients from all backgrounds but have particular experience working with Addiction and with LGBT+ issues.
01707 247146 View 01707 247146
Photo of Chi Ko Psychosexual Relationship Therapist, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Chi Ko Psychosexual Relationship Therapist
Psychotherapist, MSc, COSRT Accred
Verified Verified
Manchester M3
Chi is a Sex and Relationship Psychotherapist, accredited by BACP and COSRT. He also works with people with sexual addictive behaviour and compulsivity. He has an excellent working knowledge on a range of psychiatric and mental health conditions.
Chi is a Sex and Relationship Psychotherapist, accredited by BACP and COSRT. He also works with people with sexual addictive behaviour and compulsivity. He has an excellent working knowledge on a range of psychiatric and mental health conditions.
0161 696 8319 View 0161 696 8319
Photo of Dr Maria Kaltsi, Psychologist in Manchester, England
Dr Maria Kaltsi
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M21  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am a warm and compassionate Senior Clinical Psychologist with over 18 years experience of supporting individuals, groups and families. I also work in secondary care mental health services with people who present with a range of difficulties such as shame, self-criticism, dissociation, interpersonal difficulties etc. I hold a non-pathologising view of psychological distress and use a range of models flexibly and creatively to help people address their individual concerns and achieve greater well-being.
Welcome! I am a warm and compassionate Senior Clinical Psychologist with over 18 years experience of supporting individuals, groups and families. I also work in secondary care mental health services with people who present with a range of difficulties such as shame, self-criticism, dissociation, interpersonal difficulties etc. I hold a non-pathologising view of psychological distress and use a range of models flexibly and creatively to help people address their individual concerns and achieve greater well-being.
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Photo of Dov Benyaacov-Kurtzman, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Dov Benyaacov-Kurtzman
Psychotherapist
Not Verified Not Verified
Manchester M25  (Online Only)
“I feel like quite a different person! Dov has taught me to learn from myself what's important in life, who's important in life, and that I'm actually one of the most important people in life. I would say that the work has been tremendous! His time, the way in which he helps you to open up and really evaluate what's going on and also his so many years of his own experience passes over to you. So it oozes confidence for you to then feel that "I can also be like that myself", which has been really, really helpful for me. Amanda Marks, London
“I feel like quite a different person! Dov has taught me to learn from myself what's important in life, who's important in life, and that I'm actually one of the most important people in life. I would say that the work has been tremendous! His time, the way in which he helps you to open up and really evaluate what's going on and also his so many years of his own experience passes over to you. So it oozes confidence for you to then feel that "I can also be like that myself", which has been really, really helpful for me. Amanda Marks, London
0161 509 6772 View 0161 509 6772
Photo of Marlene du Plessis, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Marlene du Plessis
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Manchester M25
Through a trauma sensitive lens, I use various methods to help you in navigating your challenges, such as anxiety, depression, complex trauma, or ADHD, to name a few. My dedication lies in guiding you through exploring specific aspects of your life during our sessions, enabling you to develop deeper self-awareness and understanding of your circumstances at a pace that feels safe and suitable for you. I have extensive experience working within the Jewish culture, and being South African, I am able to do sessions in Afrikaans as well.
Through a trauma sensitive lens, I use various methods to help you in navigating your challenges, such as anxiety, depression, complex trauma, or ADHD, to name a few. My dedication lies in guiding you through exploring specific aspects of your life during our sessions, enabling you to develop deeper self-awareness and understanding of your circumstances at a pace that feels safe and suitable for you. I have extensive experience working within the Jewish culture, and being South African, I am able to do sessions in Afrikaans as well.
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See more therapy options for Manchester

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Manchester

800+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Manchester who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Stress
78% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Aviva
58% AXA PPP
46% Vitality

How Counsellors in Manchester see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
27% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Manchester?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.