Counselling in Cardiff

Photo of Maya Schofield, Counsellor in Cardiff, Wales
Maya Schofield
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14  (Online Only)
I work with clients from a variety of backgrounds. I am keen to help no matter your age, gender identity, sexuality, race and so on. My aim is to help you use counselling as a place to be heard and to feel comfortable and safe. I work with clients living with various issues such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, bereavement, stress and so on. I am also able to help clients with a range of major life events such as bereavement, job loss and relationship breakdown. I provide an authentic and warm environment for you to feel comfortable enough to discuss things with me that you may not feel you can with others.
I work with clients from a variety of backgrounds. I am keen to help no matter your age, gender identity, sexuality, race and so on. My aim is to help you use counselling as a place to be heard and to feel comfortable and safe. I work with clients living with various issues such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, bereavement, stress and so on. I am also able to help clients with a range of major life events such as bereavement, job loss and relationship breakdown. I provide an authentic and warm environment for you to feel comfortable enough to discuss things with me that you may not feel you can with others.
029 2271 1039 x44 View 029 2271 1039 x44
Photo of Liz Brotherton, Counsellor in Cardiff, Wales
Liz Brotherton
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
Life can feel very heavy at times, unexpected events can flaw us and day to day pressures can get to us too. I can offer individuals and couples a safe space to explore whatever it is that's troubling you. My way of working includes looking at what your anxieties, behaviours and values mean to you and the role they play in your life. Together we can identify the root causes of your struggles, along with where your personal responsibility and power lies.
Life can feel very heavy at times, unexpected events can flaw us and day to day pressures can get to us too. I can offer individuals and couples a safe space to explore whatever it is that's troubling you. My way of working includes looking at what your anxieties, behaviours and values mean to you and the role they play in your life. Together we can identify the root causes of your struggles, along with where your personal responsibility and power lies.
029 2271 0168 View 029 2271 0168
Photo of Graham Mason, Counsellor in Cardiff, Wales
Graham Mason
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF23
Life is good at throwing problems our way, counselling can help make sense of what's happening and allow you to move forward positively. I enjoy helping people achieve their goals, improve their quality of life and their work life balance. Giving people a space where they can be heard and respected, work together to overcome the challenges of modern life. I offer a flexible approach to appointments and a relaxed confidential space for sessions. My practice has allowed me to help clients of all ages from all backgrounds with wide ranging issues.
Life is good at throwing problems our way, counselling can help make sense of what's happening and allow you to move forward positively. I enjoy helping people achieve their goals, improve their quality of life and their work life balance. Giving people a space where they can be heard and respected, work together to overcome the challenges of modern life. I offer a flexible approach to appointments and a relaxed confidential space for sessions. My practice has allowed me to help clients of all ages from all backgrounds with wide ranging issues.
029 2010 1524 View 029 2010 1524
Photo of Menna Jones, Psychologist in Cardiff, Wales
Menna Jones
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF5
I have 20 years' experience working as a clinical psychologist in the NHS and in private practice since gaining my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. Throughout this time, I have been supporting adults with a very wide range of difficulties. These include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, OCD, trauma, and emotional regulation difficulties (including personality disorders). I welcome clients to my home for therapy sessions and appreciate how important it is for people to feel comfortable and at ease in a homely and supportive place in order to explore and express such personal and challenging issues as can arise during therapy.
I have 20 years' experience working as a clinical psychologist in the NHS and in private practice since gaining my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. Throughout this time, I have been supporting adults with a very wide range of difficulties. These include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, OCD, trauma, and emotional regulation difficulties (including personality disorders). I welcome clients to my home for therapy sessions and appreciate how important it is for people to feel comfortable and at ease in a homely and supportive place in order to explore and express such personal and challenging issues as can arise during therapy.
01446 500783 View 01446 500783
Photo of Amanda Snook Johns, Counsellor in Cardiff, Wales
Amanda Snook Johns
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF11
I have nearly 20 years experience working with people who are experiencing difficulties in their lives which can result to living with anxiety and the unhelpful behaviours it can bring. People living with depression, grief/ loss, terminal and chronic illness, Relationship issues, sexuality issues.... These examples of issues are indeed not exhaustive.
I have nearly 20 years experience working with people who are experiencing difficulties in their lives which can result to living with anxiety and the unhelpful behaviours it can bring. People living with depression, grief/ loss, terminal and chronic illness, Relationship issues, sexuality issues.... These examples of issues are indeed not exhaustive.
01446 508105 View 01446 508105
Photo of Helen Noble, Counsellor in Cardiff, Wales
Helen Noble
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF5  (Online Only)
I practice person-centred and emotion-focused therapy and have experience of working with sudden bereavement, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, trauma, and health-related emotional distress, with adults across the age range. Emotion-focused therapy can help to focus on feelings which overtake our lives, making us lose sight of what we want, or keeping us stuck in situations we would like to change. Through gentle exploration of our emotions in a safe environment, we may start to see clearly how our feelings determine our actions, how we can make sense of our emotions, and how we can manage them for peace of mind
I practice person-centred and emotion-focused therapy and have experience of working with sudden bereavement, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, trauma, and health-related emotional distress, with adults across the age range. Emotion-focused therapy can help to focus on feelings which overtake our lives, making us lose sight of what we want, or keeping us stuck in situations we would like to change. Through gentle exploration of our emotions in a safe environment, we may start to see clearly how our feelings determine our actions, how we can make sense of our emotions, and how we can manage them for peace of mind
01792 966437 View 01792 966437
Photo of Helga Anne Moore, Counsellor in Cardiff, Wales
Helga Anne Moore
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
Starting the journey to emotional well-being may seem daunting, but with the help of a kind, professional and deeply empathic therapist alongside you, it can become the most important undertaking you ever begin. Whatever issues you are struggling with right now, change is possible and inevitable as soon as you choose to explore exactly what you need and which parts of your life are not working as well as you hope right now. As a therapist I walk beside my clients and together we can explore exactly what it is you need to help you make the changes necessary to reclaim a full and balanced life.
Starting the journey to emotional well-being may seem daunting, but with the help of a kind, professional and deeply empathic therapist alongside you, it can become the most important undertaking you ever begin. Whatever issues you are struggling with right now, change is possible and inevitable as soon as you choose to explore exactly what you need and which parts of your life are not working as well as you hope right now. As a therapist I walk beside my clients and together we can explore exactly what it is you need to help you make the changes necessary to reclaim a full and balanced life.
029 2009 8393 View 029 2009 8393
Photo of Michael Cousin, Psychotherapist in Cardiff, Wales
Michael Cousin
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF10
My experience is broad, I am happy to work with clients at any stage of life. An art psychotherapists’ training is extensive and intensive over a three-year period, and it provides us with a framework that can be used to support a client with any mental health struggle up to the most complex issues. I have significant experience with clients who have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). I also have wide ranging experience of clients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD).
My experience is broad, I am happy to work with clients at any stage of life. An art psychotherapists’ training is extensive and intensive over a three-year period, and it provides us with a framework that can be used to support a client with any mental health struggle up to the most complex issues. I have significant experience with clients who have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). I also have wide ranging experience of clients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD).
029 2271 2637 View 029 2271 2637
Photo of Gerard Richard Szary, Psychotherapist in Cardiff, Wales
Gerard Richard Szary
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF10
The same arguments with your partner over the same stuff. Frustration and resentment because they do not accept what is important to you ,but ignore it and behave the same way. The atmosphere after an argument continues until you make it right .So stress is a regular feature of your life that affects health , sleep,emotional wellbeing ,sex and work,. Your worries and concerns are about the future. Dependents are also impacted by arguments and strained stmosphere. Your partner's absence is a relief. You think of separation, Can this relationship change to meet my needs and my dependenrs' needs? What's the future for us?
The same arguments with your partner over the same stuff. Frustration and resentment because they do not accept what is important to you ,but ignore it and behave the same way. The atmosphere after an argument continues until you make it right .So stress is a regular feature of your life that affects health , sleep,emotional wellbeing ,sex and work,. Your worries and concerns are about the future. Dependents are also impacted by arguments and strained stmosphere. Your partner's absence is a relief. You think of separation, Can this relationship change to meet my needs and my dependenrs' needs? What's the future for us?
01446 509864 View 01446 509864
Photo of Claire Hamilton, Psychotherapist in Cardiff, Wales
Claire Hamilton
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF10
Finding the right therapist can be a daunting and overwhelming task, but you've already taken that first step. My own experiences of life's challenges (and there have been a few) allow me to provide a safe, considered and bespoke approach in supporting you to find your own way to a greater understanding of your feelings and current or past situations. As a Mind counsellor I have been privileged to work with a broad spectrum of clients, including low self esteem, anxiety, bereavement and loss, relationship issues, coercive control, identity. Whatever you choose to bring, I will always offer a safe, supportive non-judgemental space.
Finding the right therapist can be a daunting and overwhelming task, but you've already taken that first step. My own experiences of life's challenges (and there have been a few) allow me to provide a safe, considered and bespoke approach in supporting you to find your own way to a greater understanding of your feelings and current or past situations. As a Mind counsellor I have been privileged to work with a broad spectrum of clients, including low self esteem, anxiety, bereavement and loss, relationship issues, coercive control, identity. Whatever you choose to bring, I will always offer a safe, supportive non-judgemental space.
029 2271 1694 View 029 2271 1694
Photo of Ameda Blades, Psychotherapist in Cardiff, Wales
Ameda Blades
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14  (Online Only)
The modality that I use is person-centred and experiential however I draw from a broad range of theoretical perspectives to work in an integrative way. I work in a sex and body positive way, this includes working with those who work in the sex industry. The majority of my working life has been working with individuals who have experienced personal and vicarious trauma or those who live or work in a chaotic and traumatic environment. When working with dissociative identity disorder as a presentation double length sessions (100 minutes) are available.
The modality that I use is person-centred and experiential however I draw from a broad range of theoretical perspectives to work in an integrative way. I work in a sex and body positive way, this includes working with those who work in the sex industry. The majority of my working life has been working with individuals who have experienced personal and vicarious trauma or those who live or work in a chaotic and traumatic environment. When working with dissociative identity disorder as a presentation double length sessions (100 minutes) are available.
01825 705362 View 01825 705362
Photo of Nicola Mitchell, Counsellor in Cardiff, Wales
Nicola Mitchell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF23
I came to this role late in life and it has enabled to bring with me years of life experience, care and understanding. As a mature person I can offer you my experience as well my learning. My diploma allows me to work with a range of issues using a variety of counselling models, this means that I can work with clients to find the therapeutic practice that works best for them. I offer a safe therapeutic space to work on whatever you may need. We all have difficulties sometime in our life, it can be very hard to deal with these issues alone, I offer a safe space for you to sit with someone without any advice or judgement.
I came to this role late in life and it has enabled to bring with me years of life experience, care and understanding. As a mature person I can offer you my experience as well my learning. My diploma allows me to work with a range of issues using a variety of counselling models, this means that I can work with clients to find the therapeutic practice that works best for them. I offer a safe therapeutic space to work on whatever you may need. We all have difficulties sometime in our life, it can be very hard to deal with these issues alone, I offer a safe space for you to sit with someone without any advice or judgement.
01446 501530 View 01446 501530
Photo of Audra Maio, Psychotherapist in Cardiff, Wales
Audra Maio
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF5
Not accepting new clients
I am a qualified psychotherapist trained in Art Psychotherapy. I am here to provide a safe and compassionate, non-judgemental space for you to share what brings you to the therapy room. When we understand how we are feeling about what is happening in our lives, we can start to make sense of our world and our place in it. The act of creating can help you to connect with and express your emotions when the right words escape you. Materials are provided for your use in the session should you wish to use them. I work with people of all ages and from all backgrounds.
I am a qualified psychotherapist trained in Art Psychotherapy. I am here to provide a safe and compassionate, non-judgemental space for you to share what brings you to the therapy room. When we understand how we are feeling about what is happening in our lives, we can start to make sense of our world and our place in it. The act of creating can help you to connect with and express your emotions when the right words escape you. Materials are provided for your use in the session should you wish to use them. I work with people of all ages and from all backgrounds.
01446 501043 View 01446 501043
Photo of Tracey Crimmins, Psychotherapist in Cardiff, Wales
Tracey Crimmins
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cardiff CF5
I am a qualified and accredited CBT psychotherapist and EMDR Practitioner and work with adults and adolescents (aged 14 years and above). I have 20 years experience of working in mental health, for NHS, charities, University settings and private medical health settings. I specialise in working with trauma, working with single incident PTSD and complex PTSD. I also work depression, anxiety disorders including panic, generalised anxiety (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), health anxiety and social anxiety.
I am a qualified and accredited CBT psychotherapist and EMDR Practitioner and work with adults and adolescents (aged 14 years and above). I have 20 years experience of working in mental health, for NHS, charities, University settings and private medical health settings. I specialise in working with trauma, working with single incident PTSD and complex PTSD. I also work depression, anxiety disorders including panic, generalised anxiety (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), health anxiety and social anxiety.
01446 509180 View 01446 509180
Photo of Dr Siobhan Henley, Psychiatrist in Cardiff, Wales
Dr Siobhan Henley
Psychiatrist
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF5  (Online Only)
I am an EMDR Europe Accredited child and adolescent Practitioner working with children and young people affected by PTSD and complex PTSD. PTSD can develop after experiencing, witnessing or hearing about traumatic experiences. Most young people do not develop PTSD but for those who do, the symptoms can be severe, distressing and may affect ability to function in daily life. Symptoms can fluctuate and may include a re experiencing of the event eg in the form of nightmares, feeling ‘on edge’, with attempts to avoid reminders of the trauma and often a change in mood/thoughts.
I am an EMDR Europe Accredited child and adolescent Practitioner working with children and young people affected by PTSD and complex PTSD. PTSD can develop after experiencing, witnessing or hearing about traumatic experiences. Most young people do not develop PTSD but for those who do, the symptoms can be severe, distressing and may affect ability to function in daily life. Symptoms can fluctuate and may include a re experiencing of the event eg in the form of nightmares, feeling ‘on edge’, with attempts to avoid reminders of the trauma and often a change in mood/thoughts.
01446 502302 View 01446 502302
Photo of Rhian Davies, Psychotherapist in Cardiff, Wales
Rhian Davies
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF11  (Online Only)
My belief is that to be truly listened to and heard is a fundamental need within us. Life can often be difficult and complex, leaving us confused, broken, lost and hopeless. We can also lose sense of who we are and what we want. Sharing pain and suffering can be healing in itself. I am passionate about creating a strong therapeutic relationship that is judgement free, genuine, warm and empathic. I create a safe and confidential space where we can explore your thoughts and feelings, working together to gain clarity, understanding and insight on whatever you wish to bring to the session.
My belief is that to be truly listened to and heard is a fundamental need within us. Life can often be difficult and complex, leaving us confused, broken, lost and hopeless. We can also lose sense of who we are and what we want. Sharing pain and suffering can be healing in itself. I am passionate about creating a strong therapeutic relationship that is judgement free, genuine, warm and empathic. I create a safe and confidential space where we can explore your thoughts and feelings, working together to gain clarity, understanding and insight on whatever you wish to bring to the session.
029 2271 5870 View 029 2271 5870
Photo of Beth Delfino, Psychotherapist in Cardiff, Wales
Beth Delfino
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF10
Hello and welcome to my profile.
Hello and welcome to my profile.
01446 508112 View 01446 508112
Photo of Dr Lynne Jones, Psychologist in Cardiff, Wales
Dr Lynne Jones
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF23
Welcome to my page. As a registered and Chartered Psychologist, I would work with you (face to face or online) to understand your psychological distress and to heal from difficult past experiences. I have worked with adults and older adults and currently work within the NHS as a Highly Specialist Psychologist in a psychology service for medical trauma and I also work for Traumatic Stress Wales. We would discuss the therapeutic approach that fits for you (EMDR, trauma-focused CBT or integrative approaches) and regularly review this to ensure you were getting the most benefit from your therapy. I look forward to hearing from you.
Welcome to my page. As a registered and Chartered Psychologist, I would work with you (face to face or online) to understand your psychological distress and to heal from difficult past experiences. I have worked with adults and older adults and currently work within the NHS as a Highly Specialist Psychologist in a psychology service for medical trauma and I also work for Traumatic Stress Wales. We would discuss the therapeutic approach that fits for you (EMDR, trauma-focused CBT or integrative approaches) and regularly review this to ensure you were getting the most benefit from your therapy. I look forward to hearing from you.
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Photo of Gemma Greenland, Counsellor in Cardiff, Wales
Gemma Greenland
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF23  (Online Only)
I can only imagine how hard it feels to reach out for help for yourself or your child; to want things to feel better and not know how to make it happen. This is what I can help you with. Maybe you or your child feel anxious all the time and just want to feel safe? Or perhaps you can't seem to get rid of that little voice inside that tells you you'll never be good enough? Maybe your child is struggling with understanding themselves and the world around them and you just want them to feel happy and safe? I understand that situations like these can feel overwhelming and I am passionate about helping people overcome them and feel better
I can only imagine how hard it feels to reach out for help for yourself or your child; to want things to feel better and not know how to make it happen. This is what I can help you with. Maybe you or your child feel anxious all the time and just want to feel safe? Or perhaps you can't seem to get rid of that little voice inside that tells you you'll never be good enough? Maybe your child is struggling with understanding themselves and the world around them and you just want them to feel happy and safe? I understand that situations like these can feel overwhelming and I am passionate about helping people overcome them and feel better
029 2010 3039 View 029 2010 3039
Photo of Next Steps CBT, Psychotherapist in Cardiff, Wales
Next Steps CBT
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
Next Steps CBT is a psychotherapy counselling practice providing cognitive behavioural therapy for adults. I treat a range of mild to moderate mental health conditions including: Low mood or depression, and anxiety disorders such as GAD, panic, SAD, PTSD, phobias and OCD. I can also support people who are experiencing difficulties due to the impacts of a long-term health condition, changes in life circumstances, bereavement, or increased levels of work stress.
Next Steps CBT is a psychotherapy counselling practice providing cognitive behavioural therapy for adults. I treat a range of mild to moderate mental health conditions including: Low mood or depression, and anxiety disorders such as GAD, panic, SAD, PTSD, phobias and OCD. I can also support people who are experiencing difficulties due to the impacts of a long-term health condition, changes in life circumstances, bereavement, or increased levels of work stress.
029 2271 4734 View 029 2271 4734

See more therapy options for Cardiff

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Cardiff

200+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Cardiff who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
83% Self Esteem
81% Stress
76% Trauma and PTSD
74% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aviva
53% AXA PPP
47% Bupa

How Counsellors in Cardiff see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
26% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Cardiff?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.