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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Graham Clarke, Psychologist in Arundel, England
Graham Clarke
Psychologist, MSc, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Bognor Regis PO21
As a Chartered Counselling Psychologist, and associate of the British Psychological Society with many years experience in the NHS and in private practice, I aim to offer a low cost, low-stress service, which is both friendly and accessible. My training initially as a psychotherapist enables me to offer long term and short term work. I can offer Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic, and Humanistic therapy. I like to tailor my approach to an individual's need and according to the evidence base. I cover all the major issues and many more and offer concessions to students and unwaged folks. I also run supervision groups.
As a Chartered Counselling Psychologist, and associate of the British Psychological Society with many years experience in the NHS and in private practice, I aim to offer a low cost, low-stress service, which is both friendly and accessible. My training initially as a psychotherapist enables me to offer long term and short term work. I can offer Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic, and Humanistic therapy. I like to tailor my approach to an individual's need and according to the evidence base. I cover all the major issues and many more and offer concessions to students and unwaged folks. I also run supervision groups.
01243 957014 View 01243 957014
Photo of Richard Neil Papworth, Counsellor in Arundel, England
Richard Neil Papworth
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN14  (Online Only)
Psychodynamic psychotherapeutic counselling has a distinct focus on events which have troubled us in the past, although we might not have awareness of them, and continue to trouble us in the present often through repeated patterns. There might not be any defined areas of concern for clients, and issues can be deep-seated; however, the therapeutic relationship aims to bring these aspects into consciousness in a manageable way so that they may be worked through safely. While psychodynamic psychotherapeutic counselling is often open-ended and can span several years, short courses of six months or less have also shown to be effective.
Psychodynamic psychotherapeutic counselling has a distinct focus on events which have troubled us in the past, although we might not have awareness of them, and continue to trouble us in the present often through repeated patterns. There might not be any defined areas of concern for clients, and issues can be deep-seated; however, the therapeutic relationship aims to bring these aspects into consciousness in a manageable way so that they may be worked through safely. While psychodynamic psychotherapeutic counselling is often open-ended and can span several years, short courses of six months or less have also shown to be effective.
023 8144 0269 View 023 8144 0269
Photo of Chrysalis Therapy Services, Psychotherapist in Arundel, England
Chrysalis Therapy Services
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11  (Online Only)
Consider choosing me as your psychotherapist because of my extensive experience and contributions to the field. I played a pivotal role in integrating counselling models into traditional psychiatric settings during the Project 2000 New Nursing Training Syllabus initiative. In 2015, I earned my qualification in humanistic counselling from the University of Chichester. Furthermore, my involvement in commissioning teams to develop community mental health units during my tenure with the NHS showcases my commitment to improving mental health services. Currently, I am actively engaged in establishing nurse-led clinics in the NHS.
Consider choosing me as your psychotherapist because of my extensive experience and contributions to the field. I played a pivotal role in integrating counselling models into traditional psychiatric settings during the Project 2000 New Nursing Training Syllabus initiative. In 2015, I earned my qualification in humanistic counselling from the University of Chichester. Furthermore, my involvement in commissioning teams to develop community mental health units during my tenure with the NHS showcases my commitment to improving mental health services. Currently, I am actively engaged in establishing nurse-led clinics in the NHS.
01903 924210 View 01903 924210
Photo of Dan Michael Gluckstein, Counsellor in Arundel, England
Dan Michael Gluckstein
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Littlehampton BN17
I am an extremely compassionate person who knows that whatever struggles, difficulties and sufferings we endure can be alleviated by being truly listened to and supported in a warm, secure and safe environment with a committed, trusted and caring other. There is no need to suffer in silence. Root causes and solutions will emerge. What do you want to change? What are your goals? What would allow your innate wisdom to shine? Growth and healing is beautiful to both experience and witness. I guarantee you my utmost endeavour and commitment towards freedom from the emotional, psychological and spiritual shackles that can limit us.
I am an extremely compassionate person who knows that whatever struggles, difficulties and sufferings we endure can be alleviated by being truly listened to and supported in a warm, secure and safe environment with a committed, trusted and caring other. There is no need to suffer in silence. Root causes and solutions will emerge. What do you want to change? What are your goals? What would allow your innate wisdom to shine? Growth and healing is beautiful to both experience and witness. I guarantee you my utmost endeavour and commitment towards freedom from the emotional, psychological and spiritual shackles that can limit us.
01483 967682 View 01483 967682
Photo of William Fley, Psychotherapist in Arundel, England
William Fley
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Chichester PO18
Do you find yourself struggling to trust others and are holding back from meaningful connections? These concerns may be the result of unresolved trauma. What is Trauma? Trauma occurs precisely when an event is overwhelming to a point where a person is unable to rationalize, defend, process or accept what is happening to them or someone close to them. Trauma fragments the brain’s ability to make sense and therefore move on from the onslaught. The event when it occurs overwhelms and drives us to our basic survival responses. When the traumatic incident occurred did you find yourself unable to move? www.honouringrief.com
Do you find yourself struggling to trust others and are holding back from meaningful connections? These concerns may be the result of unresolved trauma. What is Trauma? Trauma occurs precisely when an event is overwhelming to a point where a person is unable to rationalize, defend, process or accept what is happening to them or someone close to them. Trauma fragments the brain’s ability to make sense and therefore move on from the onslaught. The event when it occurs overwhelms and drives us to our basic survival responses. When the traumatic incident occurred did you find yourself unable to move? www.honouringrief.com
01243 217638 View 01243 217638
Simon Edmondson
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worthing BN11
I help people rediscover their true self when they have become lost. Losing your sense of self can appear in many forms and for many reasons. For example, parenthood, work issues, bereavement, relationships, childhood experience, abuse, traumatic experiences and retirement a few situations which can leave people feeling that they have lost a sense of who they are. If you’ve found yourself questioning your values, your self-worth, your path in life, or the answer to the question, “Who am I?” you may be struggling with something which is often able to be resolved through the self-exploration which counselling & therapy provides.
I help people rediscover their true self when they have become lost. Losing your sense of self can appear in many forms and for many reasons. For example, parenthood, work issues, bereavement, relationships, childhood experience, abuse, traumatic experiences and retirement a few situations which can leave people feeling that they have lost a sense of who they are. If you’ve found yourself questioning your values, your self-worth, your path in life, or the answer to the question, “Who am I?” you may be struggling with something which is often able to be resolved through the self-exploration which counselling & therapy provides.
01903 924233 View 01903 924233
Photo of Deon Whittaker Broadwater Counselling in Arundel, England
Deon Whittaker Broadwater Counselling
Verified Verified
Worthing BN14
We all struggle at times and sometimes it feels too much for us. Suffering reaches us in so many guises and we all react in our own way. Reaching out for professional help is an important step in working towards the changes that you want. Whether the past is holding you back, the future fills you with anxiety or you are struggling with the 'here and now' I would like to offer my help. There is only so much we can manage alone and sometime our closest relationships are too close to help us see more clearly, to make sense of our confusion and provide a safe place to explore who we really are. That's why I'm here - to help you.
We all struggle at times and sometimes it feels too much for us. Suffering reaches us in so many guises and we all react in our own way. Reaching out for professional help is an important step in working towards the changes that you want. Whether the past is holding you back, the future fills you with anxiety or you are struggling with the 'here and now' I would like to offer my help. There is only so much we can manage alone and sometime our closest relationships are too close to help us see more clearly, to make sense of our confusion and provide a safe place to explore who we really are. That's why I'm here - to help you.
01903 924248 View 01903 924248
Photo of UK Addiction Treatment Centres (UKAT) in Arundel, England
UK Addiction Treatment Centres (UKAT)
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11
Why choose UKAT? 160 beds across the UK; treatment for all addictions, including process addictions, eating disorders, age 16-18 treatment and dual diagnosis. Ranging from luxurious en-suite rehabs with gyms and on-site medical units to affordable rehabs. Catering for people from all walks of life. All rehabs have 24/7 on-site addiction professionals, ensuring clients have the highest level of care offered in the country. UKAT always addresses the individual as a whole and will tailor treatment to the addiction and long-term recovery of the client. All UKAT centres have a family programme dedicated to helping family members.
Why choose UKAT? 160 beds across the UK; treatment for all addictions, including process addictions, eating disorders, age 16-18 treatment and dual diagnosis. Ranging from luxurious en-suite rehabs with gyms and on-site medical units to affordable rehabs. Catering for people from all walks of life. All rehabs have 24/7 on-site addiction professionals, ensuring clients have the highest level of care offered in the country. UKAT always addresses the individual as a whole and will tailor treatment to the addiction and long-term recovery of the client. All UKAT centres have a family programme dedicated to helping family members.
020 3872 2432 View 020 3872 2432
Photo of Anthony Bedell, Psychotherapist in Arundel, England
Anthony Bedell
Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Littlehampton BN17
Many of us struggle sometimes with how we feel and we want someone to share that struggle with us. I aim to be there for you and with you, listening to how you feel and trying to help you make sense of it. Sometimes we know how we feel; sometimes are feelings are so muddled that we don't. We need space to get our heads around things, and we need to do it in a safe, secure space. Our bodies and our dreams, too, can hold part of our experience; it can be really important to listen to them. They can express what we don't realise we feel or want or know.
Many of us struggle sometimes with how we feel and we want someone to share that struggle with us. I aim to be there for you and with you, listening to how you feel and trying to help you make sense of it. Sometimes we know how we feel; sometimes are feelings are so muddled that we don't. We need space to get our heads around things, and we need to do it in a safe, secure space. Our bodies and our dreams, too, can hold part of our experience; it can be really important to listen to them. They can express what we don't realise we feel or want or know.
01903 254582 View 01903 254582

Online Therapists

Photo of Daniel Heath, Psychotherapist in Arundel, England
Daniel Heath
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N10
Underpinned by current literature & evidence base, psychodynamic psychotherapy offers a confidential, exploratory space in which confused, unsettled or disturbing feelings can be revealed.
Clicking through profiles can feel bewildering, especially when feelings are unsettled and the future feels uncertain. However, finding the right emotional support at the right time, can be transformative. I am a well established clinician working at depth with clients presenting with anxiety and/or depressive feelings. I am impartial, attentive, curious, experienced and determined. My warm & pragmatic approach will support us through the first few meetings, where we will begin to consider thoughts & feelings together, safely and in confidence.
Underpinned by current literature & evidence base, psychodynamic psychotherapy offers a confidential, exploratory space in which confused, unsettled or disturbing feelings can be revealed.
Clicking through profiles can feel bewildering, especially when feelings are unsettled and the future feels uncertain. However, finding the right emotional support at the right time, can be transformative. I am a well established clinician working at depth with clients presenting with anxiety and/or depressive feelings. I am impartial, attentive, curious, experienced and determined. My warm & pragmatic approach will support us through the first few meetings, where we will begin to consider thoughts & feelings together, safely and in confidence.
020 4538 1678 View 020 4538 1678
Photo of Michele Lamonaca, Psychotherapist in Arundel, England
Michele Lamonaca
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE18
Psychodynamic therapy centres on the unconscious meaning of the issues you experience.
Welcome, my name is Michele. I'm a registered counsellor and psychotherapist - I help individuals and couples with their emotional health. I have private sector experience as a counsellor and psychotherapist. My focus involves abuse, depression and narcissistic personality disorder, and the specific problems encountered by men, transgender people and women. An initial assessment meeting allows you to see if you feel comfortable with me, discuss what concerns you, ask questions, clarify confidentiality, and determine if therapy could assist you.
Psychodynamic therapy centres on the unconscious meaning of the issues you experience.
Welcome, my name is Michele. I'm a registered counsellor and psychotherapist - I help individuals and couples with their emotional health. I have private sector experience as a counsellor and psychotherapist. My focus involves abuse, depression and narcissistic personality disorder, and the specific problems encountered by men, transgender people and women. An initial assessment meeting allows you to see if you feel comfortable with me, discuss what concerns you, ask questions, clarify confidentiality, and determine if therapy could assist you.
07723 423681 View 07723 423681
Photo of Moeez Siddiqui, Counsellor in Arundel, England
Moeez Siddiqui
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Croydon CR0
I use various schools of therapy and techniques (person-centred, psychodynamic, transactional analysis, and CBT) that are tailored to your needs and progress.
Hi, I'm Moeez, a qualified integrative therapist. In this fast-moving, uncertain, and precarious time period, there can be many responsibilities and problems we have to shoulder. Are you suffering from stress? Always worrying? Has your mood been consistently low recently? Not sure what your purpose in life is? Are there difficulties in your relationships? Have you not been able to process past trauma? Experiencing discrimination? Struggling with identity? Do you want clarity and awareness in how to get better?
I use various schools of therapy and techniques (person-centred, psychodynamic, transactional analysis, and CBT) that are tailored to your needs and progress.
Hi, I'm Moeez, a qualified integrative therapist. In this fast-moving, uncertain, and precarious time period, there can be many responsibilities and problems we have to shoulder. Are you suffering from stress? Always worrying? Has your mood been consistently low recently? Not sure what your purpose in life is? Are there difficulties in your relationships? Have you not been able to process past trauma? Experiencing discrimination? Struggling with identity? Do you want clarity and awareness in how to get better?
01689 666180 View 01689 666180
Photo of Dr George Robson, Psychologist in Arundel, England
Dr George Robson
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Enfield EN1
Hello, my name is George, and I am an experienced senior clinical psychologist and have worked in NHS mental health services, including in senior clinical roles, for more than 15 years. In private practice I offer individualised and tailored psychological therapy for adults. I am experienced in working with most types of difficulty, and offer evidence-based therapies, drawing on CBT and psychodynamic approaches. I appreciate that it can feel like a big step to get in contact with a therapist. I believe that a safe, supportive and confidential therapeutic relationship is key to effective psychological therapy.
Hello, my name is George, and I am an experienced senior clinical psychologist and have worked in NHS mental health services, including in senior clinical roles, for more than 15 years. In private practice I offer individualised and tailored psychological therapy for adults. I am experienced in working with most types of difficulty, and offer evidence-based therapies, drawing on CBT and psychodynamic approaches. I appreciate that it can feel like a big step to get in contact with a therapist. I believe that a safe, supportive and confidential therapeutic relationship is key to effective psychological therapy.
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Photo of Hans Buschmann, Psychotherapist in Arundel, England
Hans Buschmann
Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London EC3A  (Online Only)
I am a Psychodynamic Psychotherapist and Attachment-based Therapist with additional training in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
Hello, Welcome to my webpage. It is not easy to find a suitable therapist, especially when you are in distress. I hope that this page will provide some clarity as to whether I might be be right therapist for you. I offer open-ended psychotherapy or brief counselling. In open-ended psychotherapy we could, for example, talk about your difficulties and explore the underlying issues. We could try to understand why you think, feel and behave the way you do. The insight which you gain could help you to let go of patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that may have sustained you in the past, but now cause you difficulties.
I am a Psychodynamic Psychotherapist and Attachment-based Therapist with additional training in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
Hello, Welcome to my webpage. It is not easy to find a suitable therapist, especially when you are in distress. I hope that this page will provide some clarity as to whether I might be be right therapist for you. I offer open-ended psychotherapy or brief counselling. In open-ended psychotherapy we could, for example, talk about your difficulties and explore the underlying issues. We could try to understand why you think, feel and behave the way you do. The insight which you gain could help you to let go of patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that may have sustained you in the past, but now cause you difficulties.
020 4538 0032 View 020 4538 0032
Photo of Christopher Jones, Counsellor in Arundel, England
Christopher Jones
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E8
I draw from an integrative philosophy that combines Psychodynamic, Humanistic, and Cognitive-Behavioural theories.
As an integrative counsellor, I believe that there is not one size that fits all, so I unify a broad number of approaches and tailor my practice to the client’s specific needs. As a registered member of the BACP, I work within its ethical framework to ensure that I maintain safe and professional standards. I have over 10 years of experience working in the helping sector and have provided support to clients from various backgrounds, over the age of 18, with a range of psychological problems.
I draw from an integrative philosophy that combines Psychodynamic, Humanistic, and Cognitive-Behavioural theories.
As an integrative counsellor, I believe that there is not one size that fits all, so I unify a broad number of approaches and tailor my practice to the client’s specific needs. As a registered member of the BACP, I work within its ethical framework to ensure that I maintain safe and professional standards. I have over 10 years of experience working in the helping sector and have provided support to clients from various backgrounds, over the age of 18, with a range of psychological problems.
020 3839 7368 View 020 3839 7368
Photo of Nick Pandya, Psychotherapist in Arundel, England
Nick Pandya
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Milton Keynes MK17
I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy which is a process that brings about emotional healing and helps you to live a full life.
I believe that we all have an innate tendency towards health and wholeness. Every so often, life events and situations can get in the way of accessing our inner resources to achieve growth and healing. Psychotherapy can be a valuable tool to firmly place you back on the path to living a full life. When we are faced with major or recurring life stressors we can be overwhelmed and seeking additional support, such as therapy, is a natural and positive step in taking care of yourself.
I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy which is a process that brings about emotional healing and helps you to live a full life.
I believe that we all have an innate tendency towards health and wholeness. Every so often, life events and situations can get in the way of accessing our inner resources to achieve growth and healing. Psychotherapy can be a valuable tool to firmly place you back on the path to living a full life. When we are faced with major or recurring life stressors we can be overwhelmed and seeking additional support, such as therapy, is a natural and positive step in taking care of yourself.
01908 082397 View 01908 082397
Photo of Josh Raymond, Psychotherapist in Arundel, England
Josh Raymond
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W2
I am an integrative transpersonal psychotherapist and full clinical member of UKCP. Transpersonal therapy looks across our entire lifespan. What is it like to be us right now; how did we come to be this way; and what do we hope for, fear or dream of for the future? But 'trans' also means 'beyond': who, in our truest selves, are we, and what do we want, beyond all the things that we are told to be and want. ​ The integrative part means that I have also studied psychodynamic, humanistic and existential psychotherapies, as well as CBT. I welcome clients of any or no faith, gender, sexual orientation or psychiatric diagnosis.
I am an integrative transpersonal psychotherapist and full clinical member of UKCP. Transpersonal therapy looks across our entire lifespan. What is it like to be us right now; how did we come to be this way; and what do we hope for, fear or dream of for the future? But 'trans' also means 'beyond': who, in our truest selves, are we, and what do we want, beyond all the things that we are told to be and want. ​ The integrative part means that I have also studied psychodynamic, humanistic and existential psychotherapies, as well as CBT. I welcome clients of any or no faith, gender, sexual orientation or psychiatric diagnosis.
020 3866 2581 View 020 3866 2581
Photo of Dr Kayode Akinsulire, Psychologist in Arundel, England
Dr Kayode Akinsulire
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
London SE1
Welcome! My Name is Kay and I am a Counselling Psychologist registered with the HCPC. I base my practice in an integrative approach using Narrative, CBT, psychodynamic and person-centred interventions where appropriate. The healing power of the therapeutic relationship is crucial to my practice. I aim for this relationship to be restorative, in support of safety, learning and creativity. I have accrued experience of therapeutic work in different settings within the NHS and community-based charities. I provide therapy to everyone including clients of Asian and Black African/African-Caribbean heritage.
Welcome! My Name is Kay and I am a Counselling Psychologist registered with the HCPC. I base my practice in an integrative approach using Narrative, CBT, psychodynamic and person-centred interventions where appropriate. The healing power of the therapeutic relationship is crucial to my practice. I aim for this relationship to be restorative, in support of safety, learning and creativity. I have accrued experience of therapeutic work in different settings within the NHS and community-based charities. I provide therapy to everyone including clients of Asian and Black African/African-Caribbean heritage.
020 4538 8563 View 020 4538 8563
Photo of Richard Schafer, Counsellor in Arundel, England
Richard Schafer
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SW4
I am Richard Schafer, a professionally trained registered counsellor (MBACP). I practice from London / Clapham SW4. In 2003 I qualified as a psychodynamic counsellor and began private practice in 2004. I have spent over 12 years working in the field of talking therapies as a clinical lead within statutory sector therapeutic residential settings. I am a long term registered member (No. 107865 ) of the British Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapists (BACP) and adhere to their code of conduct & ethics in my work. WWW.RICHARDSCHAFER.CO.UK
I am Richard Schafer, a professionally trained registered counsellor (MBACP). I practice from London / Clapham SW4. In 2003 I qualified as a psychodynamic counsellor and began private practice in 2004. I have spent over 12 years working in the field of talking therapies as a clinical lead within statutory sector therapeutic residential settings. I am a long term registered member (No. 107865 ) of the British Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapists (BACP) and adhere to their code of conduct & ethics in my work. WWW.RICHARDSCHAFER.CO.UK
020 3826 8640 View 020 3826 8640
Photo of Andreas Lind, Psychotherapist in Arundel, England
Andreas Lind
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W9
Attachment / Relational Dynamic Interpersonal DIT Mentalisation Psychodynamic Psychoanalytic Compassion Focused Interpersonal .
I am a psychotherapist accredited UKCP experienced at treating emotional and psychological issues. Until 2021 I divided my time between private practice and the NHS, where I was Principal Psychotherapist for a large NHS Trust. Now in full time private practice I have extensive experience of assessing and treating people from a variety of backgrounds whose problems range from severe and complex to more easily treatable problems including: Self-esteem, personal development, depression, anxiety, addictions, self-harm, personality problems and family and relationship concerns.
Attachment / Relational Dynamic Interpersonal DIT Mentalisation Psychodynamic Psychoanalytic Compassion Focused Interpersonal .
I am a psychotherapist accredited UKCP experienced at treating emotional and psychological issues. Until 2021 I divided my time between private practice and the NHS, where I was Principal Psychotherapist for a large NHS Trust. Now in full time private practice I have extensive experience of assessing and treating people from a variety of backgrounds whose problems range from severe and complex to more easily treatable problems including: Self-esteem, personal development, depression, anxiety, addictions, self-harm, personality problems and family and relationship concerns.
020 3053 9827 View 020 3053 9827

See more therapy options for Arundel

Psychodynamic Counsellors

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.