Photo of Lisa Lillicrap, BACP, Counsellor
Lisa Lillicrap
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
People have come to see me due to specific issues or challenges in their lives. Others want to work on other areas or growth and many feel unfulfilled and not sure what the future holds. Sometimes experiences from the past or present bring worries for the future creating repetitive, unhelpful thoughts. I believe you have the ability to understand, make changes and control how you choose to live your life. Whatever is brought into a session, we will work together at a pace that you want to understand what is going on.
People have come to see me due to specific issues or challenges in their lives. Others want to work on other areas or growth and many feel unfulfilled and not sure what the future holds. Sometimes experiences from the past or present bring worries for the future creating repetitive, unhelpful thoughts. I believe you have the ability to understand, make changes and control how you choose to live your life. Whatever is brought into a session, we will work together at a pace that you want to understand what is going on.
01548 808711 View 01548 808711
Photo of Antonia Edie, MBACP, Counsellor
Antonia Edie
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hello. Are you feeling unsettled, unhappy, not as bubbly as you once were? Do you need help working through relationship difficulties? Have you experienced trauma that you want to move past? Do you struggle to make your own decisions or assert yourself with the people around you? Is life feeling generally overwhelming and you can't see the woods for the trees? You might be feeling anxious or stressed with what life is throwing at you at the moment. These are all issues that I am working through with current clients, as well as many other things.
Hello. Are you feeling unsettled, unhappy, not as bubbly as you once were? Do you need help working through relationship difficulties? Have you experienced trauma that you want to move past? Do you struggle to make your own decisions or assert yourself with the people around you? Is life feeling generally overwhelming and you can't see the woods for the trees? You might be feeling anxious or stressed with what life is throwing at you at the moment. These are all issues that I am working through with current clients, as well as many other things.
01572 498916 View 01572 498916
Photo of Amy Sayer - Latitude Therapy, MBACP, Counsellor
Latitude Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Most often, I work with clients who need a safe, confidential space to make sense of different types of relational hurt. In the first instance, I make plenty of time to for us to talk about and establish your goals for therapy, so we're both clear how you'd like things to be, how you’d like to feel and what it is you hope gain from the process. From this point, I see our work as a collaborative exploration in moving towards where you want to be, equipping you with the tools you need to find meaning, purpose and a greater sense of peace and ease in the world.
Most often, I work with clients who need a safe, confidential space to make sense of different types of relational hurt. In the first instance, I make plenty of time to for us to talk about and establish your goals for therapy, so we're both clear how you'd like things to be, how you’d like to feel and what it is you hope gain from the process. From this point, I see our work as a collaborative exploration in moving towards where you want to be, equipping you with the tools you need to find meaning, purpose and a greater sense of peace and ease in the world.
01548 800946 View 01548 800946
Photo of Vivien Taylor, DCounsPsych, BACP, Psychotherapist
Vivien Taylor
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, BACP
Verified Verified
Hello my name is Viv and I work in a person centred, integrative way from my counselling space which is called "The Sitting Room". Embarking on counselling can feel daunting especially when life has made you feel really challenged, but just making that phone call is a good start. I have worked with adults, teenagers, children and the elderly. I previously worked with vulnerable adults and children within an organisation so gained a lot of experience of working with difficult situations. Working alongside a client in a confidential way together we can explore issues and bring about some positive change.
Hello my name is Viv and I work in a person centred, integrative way from my counselling space which is called "The Sitting Room". Embarking on counselling can feel daunting especially when life has made you feel really challenged, but just making that phone call is a good start. I have worked with adults, teenagers, children and the elderly. I previously worked with vulnerable adults and children within an organisation so gained a lot of experience of working with difficult situations. Working alongside a client in a confidential way together we can explore issues and bring about some positive change.
01752 741432 View 01752 741432
Photo of Yvonne Eastmond, MBACP, Counsellor
Yvonne Eastmond
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am Yvonne thank you for looking at my profile. Many of us experience times in our life when we are unhappy, anxious, or overwhelmed and when his happens talking about it in confidence, to the “right” person for you, can be a great help. It isn’t n always easy to discuss our troubles with family or friends but sharing your problems with someone who understands, is supportive and non-judgemental, can help us get through difficult times. I can provide support for sudden life changes such as bereavement and loss as well as depression, stress and anxiety.
I am Yvonne thank you for looking at my profile. Many of us experience times in our life when we are unhappy, anxious, or overwhelmed and when his happens talking about it in confidence, to the “right” person for you, can be a great help. It isn’t n always easy to discuss our troubles with family or friends but sharing your problems with someone who understands, is supportive and non-judgemental, can help us get through difficult times. I can provide support for sudden life changes such as bereavement and loss as well as depression, stress and anxiety.
01548 808710 View 01548 808710
Photo of Louise Jones Traumatologist
Louise Jones Traumatologist
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Online only. I specialise in helping people who have experienced, trauma or abuse, work through solutions to enable them to return to the life they once had. Often this will be finding themselves for the first time. Trauma and PTSD can affect anyone that has experienced a potentially life-threatening event, or a serious injury, or witnessed one or heard about an event that has happened to a close friend or family member. Your symptoms may include some or all but not be limited to, upsetting thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks, avoiding people, places or situations, irritability, anxiety, jumpy, panic attacks and more.
Online only. I specialise in helping people who have experienced, trauma or abuse, work through solutions to enable them to return to the life they once had. Often this will be finding themselves for the first time. Trauma and PTSD can affect anyone that has experienced a potentially life-threatening event, or a serious injury, or witnessed one or heard about an event that has happened to a close friend or family member. Your symptoms may include some or all but not be limited to, upsetting thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks, avoiding people, places or situations, irritability, anxiety, jumpy, panic attacks and more.
01752 982164 View 01752 982164
Photo of Jon Matthew Rowe, PsychD, MBACP, Counsellor
Jon Matthew Rowe
Counsellor, PsychD, MBACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Most people experience times in their lives when their feelings and their life as a whole seems totally unmanageable. Those moments are often described as ‘not being able to see the wood for the trees’- times when we feel that no one understands and we do not know which way to turn. Seeing a counsellor can often help you to gain a different perspective on life and see things more clearly. I believe that every person deserves the opportunity to be heard and to be given the chance to work through their problems in a safe and confidential space.
Most people experience times in their lives when their feelings and their life as a whole seems totally unmanageable. Those moments are often described as ‘not being able to see the wood for the trees’- times when we feel that no one understands and we do not know which way to turn. Seeing a counsellor can often help you to gain a different perspective on life and see things more clearly. I believe that every person deserves the opportunity to be heard and to be given the chance to work through their problems in a safe and confidential space.
01752 982796 View 01752 982796
Photo of Dr Joanne Porter Consultant Clinical Psychologist Emdr Practitioner, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Joanne Porter Consultant Clinical Psychologist Emdr Practitioner
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I specialise in working with Adults, CPTSD, Autism, PD, DID, Autism Assessments. I offer short term, ad hoc, or long term therapy. Single or multiple event trauma. People come to me with a variety of conditions and we work together at both a practical and therapeutic level. I will tell you if I feel I am not the therapist for you. I have special interests in CPTSD, Autism and Intellectual Disability. I am experienced in working with LGBTQ+ clients. I specialise in EMDR, IFS, and Psychodynamic approaches. I draw upon Systemic, CBT, ACT and SFT. I offer NICE compliant diagnostic Autism assessments.
I specialise in working with Adults, CPTSD, Autism, PD, DID, Autism Assessments. I offer short term, ad hoc, or long term therapy. Single or multiple event trauma. People come to me with a variety of conditions and we work together at both a practical and therapeutic level. I will tell you if I feel I am not the therapist for you. I have special interests in CPTSD, Autism and Intellectual Disability. I am experienced in working with LGBTQ+ clients. I specialise in EMDR, IFS, and Psychodynamic approaches. I draw upon Systemic, CBT, ACT and SFT. I offer NICE compliant diagnostic Autism assessments.
01752 987270 View 01752 987270
Photo of Mark Maunsell-Thomas, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Mark Maunsell-Thomas
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
It takes courage to become truly and confidently oneself. I combine modern therapeutic practice with a mindfulness based approach, which uses the deep relationship between body and mind to bring back mental, emotional and physical balance. I use a a mixture of counselling and yoga combined as needed, to address imbalances of mind and body. Yoga therapy will help you to: develop insight into what is happening inside you, psychologically and emotionally. cultivate the presence of mind to be able to feel your way into uncomfortable experiences and disarm them, calm the nervous system and enhance autonomy and well-being.
It takes courage to become truly and confidently oneself. I combine modern therapeutic practice with a mindfulness based approach, which uses the deep relationship between body and mind to bring back mental, emotional and physical balance. I use a a mixture of counselling and yoga combined as needed, to address imbalances of mind and body. Yoga therapy will help you to: develop insight into what is happening inside you, psychologically and emotionally. cultivate the presence of mind to be able to feel your way into uncomfortable experiences and disarm them, calm the nervous system and enhance autonomy and well-being.
01548 312061 View 01548 312061
Photo of Nigel Summerton - Personal & Relationship Counselling, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Personal & Relationship Counselling
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Personal and Relationship Counselling are a group of BACP Accredited therapists, psychotherapists and supervisors. We have been providing counselling for individuals, relationships and organisations, in the Plymouth, Devon and Cornwall areas for 30 years. Our Counsellors have been vetted for both professional and personal qualities, because we know these are essential for positive therapeutic results, and want to continue to build on our excellent reputation. If you feel that you would like to begin counselling, please visit our website to see who you could be talking to.
Personal and Relationship Counselling are a group of BACP Accredited therapists, psychotherapists and supervisors. We have been providing counselling for individuals, relationships and organisations, in the Plymouth, Devon and Cornwall areas for 30 years. Our Counsellors have been vetted for both professional and personal qualities, because we know these are essential for positive therapeutic results, and want to continue to build on our excellent reputation. If you feel that you would like to begin counselling, please visit our website to see who you could be talking to.
01752 968311 View 01752 968311
Photo of Debbie Horton, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Debbie Horton
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I’m a caring and experienced counsellor, who can support you wholeheartedly in helping you to move forwards. I work from a warm and comfortable room in Totnes.
I’m a caring and experienced counsellor, who can support you wholeheartedly in helping you to move forwards. I work from a warm and comfortable room in Totnes.
01803 221759 View 01803 221759
Photo of Nigel Jones, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Nigel Jones
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
If you suffer from anxiety then looking for help is pretty tough. If you feel up for a chat, call me on 07918 050934 where we can talk for a while. This way you can decide if you feel we can work together to find the right way forward for you.
If you suffer from anxiety then looking for help is pretty tough. If you feel up for a chat, call me on 07918 050934 where we can talk for a while. This way you can decide if you feel we can work together to find the right way forward for you.
01572 494675 View 01572 494675
Photo of Joyce K McGrath, MBACP, Counsellor
Joyce K McGrath
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am an integrative therapist. My way of working offers attention to the whole of a person - emotions, mind, and body as well as the meanings made of experiences, so sessions are tailor made to suit individual clients. I work with your sense of your experience to meet the needs you have whatever these may be. I have experience of working with all common life issues and specialise in working with bereavement and the feelings, thoughts and changes this brings.
I am an integrative therapist. My way of working offers attention to the whole of a person - emotions, mind, and body as well as the meanings made of experiences, so sessions are tailor made to suit individual clients. I work with your sense of your experience to meet the needs you have whatever these may be. I have experience of working with all common life issues and specialise in working with bereavement and the feelings, thoughts and changes this brings.
01364 701853 View 01364 701853
Photo of Lorraine Anderson - Soul at Heart Counselling Lorraine Anderson , DCounsPsych, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Soul at Heart Counselling Lorraine Anderson
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Therapy offers a private and sacred space to think, feel and experience your true self. It explores your needs and we process those thoughts and feelings as they arise, and from this comes a new clarity of awareness. I sometimes think of it as coming out of the dark woods and into the light. Being truly listened to helps you hear yourself and reveals all that matters to you, which activates the development of inner strength, confidence, resilience, resolve, and purpose, as it gradually releases you from the felt wounds you have been carrying, such as anger, confusion, sadness, grief, regret or loss.
Therapy offers a private and sacred space to think, feel and experience your true self. It explores your needs and we process those thoughts and feelings as they arise, and from this comes a new clarity of awareness. I sometimes think of it as coming out of the dark woods and into the light. Being truly listened to helps you hear yourself and reveals all that matters to you, which activates the development of inner strength, confidence, resilience, resolve, and purpose, as it gradually releases you from the felt wounds you have been carrying, such as anger, confusion, sadness, grief, regret or loss.
01752 982120 View 01752 982120
Photo of Anna Tissandier - Dr Anna Tissandier, EMDR Therapy, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Anna Tissandier, EMDR Therapy
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist and EMDR Europe Accredited Practitioner offering one to one EMDR therapy to adults. In our time together, we would aim to develop a shared understanding of your life - its significant events and relationships - and to explore the ways these may have led to certain strengths and vulnerabilities. This kind of understanding can itself help people to feel very differently, and to start to make changes in their lives. Further and deeper changes become possible when we work on processing difficult events that may still be exerting an influence, and by developing techniques to deepen self-compassion.
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist and EMDR Europe Accredited Practitioner offering one to one EMDR therapy to adults. In our time together, we would aim to develop a shared understanding of your life - its significant events and relationships - and to explore the ways these may have led to certain strengths and vulnerabilities. This kind of understanding can itself help people to feel very differently, and to start to make changes in their lives. Further and deeper changes become possible when we work on processing difficult events that may still be exerting an influence, and by developing techniques to deepen self-compassion.
01364 700267 View 01364 700267
Photo of Kim Sturgeon, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Kim Sturgeon
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I specialise in working with women who want to unpack and understand themselves and their experiences. From a non-pathologising and trauma-informed perspective, I work together with clients to process difficult experiences and find new ways of being that facilitate a life that is meaningful and fulfilling. I'm a fully qualified (level 6) Integrative Counsellor with additional training in sexual trauma and supporting survivors of sexual abuse with sex and intimacy.
I specialise in working with women who want to unpack and understand themselves and their experiences. From a non-pathologising and trauma-informed perspective, I work together with clients to process difficult experiences and find new ways of being that facilitate a life that is meaningful and fulfilling. I'm a fully qualified (level 6) Integrative Counsellor with additional training in sexual trauma and supporting survivors of sexual abuse with sex and intimacy.
01752 987209 View 01752 987209
Photo of Sarah Robinson, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Sarah Robinson
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I can help you through difficult life situations, overwhelming feelings, and unhelpful behaviours; towards stability, peace, and the life you want. I believe, who we really are is joyful and unique. However, sometimes experiences and environments can stifle our connection to ourselves: the pathway to our joy and satisfaction with who we are. You may feel anxious, stressed, worthless, guilty, depressed or angry. You might have found ways of coping which provide some relief, but not for long. You may self-harm, self-sabotage, have addictions, or overwork. You might feel that pain and unhappiness is ingrained. I assure you it isn't!
I can help you through difficult life situations, overwhelming feelings, and unhelpful behaviours; towards stability, peace, and the life you want. I believe, who we really are is joyful and unique. However, sometimes experiences and environments can stifle our connection to ourselves: the pathway to our joy and satisfaction with who we are. You may feel anxious, stressed, worthless, guilty, depressed or angry. You might have found ways of coping which provide some relief, but not for long. You may self-harm, self-sabotage, have addictions, or overwork. You might feel that pain and unhappiness is ingrained. I assure you it isn't!
01752 741314 View 01752 741314
Photo of Stuart Toghill - Brainworktherapy Ltd., MBACP, Psychotherapist
Brainworktherapy Ltd.
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
If you are looking for counselling in a compassionate and non-judgemental way, then I might be a good fit for you. As an integrative therapist, I use a range of counselling styles. I am also an advanced BWRT practitioner which is my preferred way to work because, simply, it is the most effective. I have seen many clients to who have had years of therapy, and say that BWRT has finally worked for them. Interested? Get in touch.
If you are looking for counselling in a compassionate and non-judgemental way, then I might be a good fit for you. As an integrative therapist, I use a range of counselling styles. I am also an advanced BWRT practitioner which is my preferred way to work because, simply, it is the most effective. I have seen many clients to who have had years of therapy, and say that BWRT has finally worked for them. Interested? Get in touch.
01752 741116 View 01752 741116
Photo of Ciara White Psychotherapy And Supervision, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Ciara White Psychotherapy And Supervision
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Traumatic life events can create sudden, urgent need for support. Equally, therapy can be a planned act of self care, facing barriers to growth and happiness. 18 years practice with young people, adults, families & couples therapy has taught me how everyone has unique experiences and needs. My approach is integrative, tailored to each client. I draw on 7 years academic studies & continuous professional development including psychotherapy, counselling, CBT, DBT, trauma focused therapy, coaching, SFBT and a PgC in supervision. I am committed to providing a positive, rewarding experience for clients, supervisees and organisations.
Traumatic life events can create sudden, urgent need for support. Equally, therapy can be a planned act of self care, facing barriers to growth and happiness. 18 years practice with young people, adults, families & couples therapy has taught me how everyone has unique experiences and needs. My approach is integrative, tailored to each client. I draw on 7 years academic studies & continuous professional development including psychotherapy, counselling, CBT, DBT, trauma focused therapy, coaching, SFBT and a PgC in supervision. I am committed to providing a positive, rewarding experience for clients, supervisees and organisations.
07480 534860 View 07480 534860
Photo of Julie Best-Clark, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Julie Best-Clark
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My aim is to bring together effective approaches incorporating a variety of therapeutic models such as relational therapy, humanistic, psychodynamic, attachment theory, person centred and neuroscience. This will also depend on your individual needs. My experience also covers body psychotherapy and energy work along with solution based therapy and mindfulness. I offer both short and long term therapy and the length of therapy will depend upon the presenting issues and your wishes. Is there a particular problem you would like to talk through and explore? This could be to do with a relationship, work related or a repeating pattern.
My aim is to bring together effective approaches incorporating a variety of therapeutic models such as relational therapy, humanistic, psychodynamic, attachment theory, person centred and neuroscience. This will also depend on your individual needs. My experience also covers body psychotherapy and energy work along with solution based therapy and mindfulness. I offer both short and long term therapy and the length of therapy will depend upon the presenting issues and your wishes. Is there a particular problem you would like to talk through and explore? This could be to do with a relationship, work related or a repeating pattern.
01548 312025 View 01548 312025
1

See more therapy options for PL21

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in PL21

30+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in PL21 who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
91% Depression
84% Self Esteem
78% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
75% Bereavement
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Nuffield Health
33% Other
33% Aviva

How Counsellors in PL21 see their clients

94% In Person and Online
6% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in PL21?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.