Counselling in Warrington

Photo of Leticia Susana Stamer, Counsellor in Warrington, England
Leticia Susana Stamer
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA1
We struggle, we encounter challenges in life, and whether you feel it's too much and you're finding it hard to cope, or you want to deepen your personal development, counselling can be a deeply healing space to explore different parts of yourself, and take control of your life and your future. You are not alone, wherever you are on your life's journey, I want to help you promote positive change and growth. It takes courage to face our challenges and it will be my privilege to accompany you on this journey towards change.
We struggle, we encounter challenges in life, and whether you feel it's too much and you're finding it hard to cope, or you want to deepen your personal development, counselling can be a deeply healing space to explore different parts of yourself, and take control of your life and your future. You are not alone, wherever you are on your life's journey, I want to help you promote positive change and growth. It takes courage to face our challenges and it will be my privilege to accompany you on this journey towards change.
01925 873506 View 01925 873506
Photo of Claire Bee Counselling, Counsellor in Warrington, England
Claire Bee Counselling
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA2
Do you feel stuck, maybe with low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, or with things from your past holding you back? Do you feel lonely, lost, uncertain or unable to make decisions for fear of making the wrong choice? Do you need support to see clearly and communicate effectively? Are you struggling with addiction, anxiety or depression? Are you feeling low or worthless? Are you finding it hard to come to terms with grief, loss, divorce, infidelity, or abuse? I have supported clients through these and other issues, and I will be with you in a non-judgemental, supportive way though whatever you're facing.
Do you feel stuck, maybe with low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, or with things from your past holding you back? Do you feel lonely, lost, uncertain or unable to make decisions for fear of making the wrong choice? Do you need support to see clearly and communicate effectively? Are you struggling with addiction, anxiety or depression? Are you feeling low or worthless? Are you finding it hard to come to terms with grief, loss, divorce, infidelity, or abuse? I have supported clients through these and other issues, and I will be with you in a non-judgemental, supportive way though whatever you're facing.
01925 361824 View 01925 361824
Photo of Emma Haslam, Counsellor in Warrington, England
Emma Haslam
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warrington WA1
Taking the first step to meet a therapist may feel daunting, yet it can be so rewarding by helping you learn about yourself and what has brought you here. Therapy is a vital component in an individual’s growth and self-awareness. Many people seek therapy for several reasons, whether its anxiety, bereavement, trauma, stress and many other reasons that can be explored and worked through, with someone beside you, supporting you. It is your space and time, that can be used exploring whatever you wish to bring. My hope is to be someone you can reveal your true self to, without feeling judged, but to feel heard, understood and accepted.
Taking the first step to meet a therapist may feel daunting, yet it can be so rewarding by helping you learn about yourself and what has brought you here. Therapy is a vital component in an individual’s growth and self-awareness. Many people seek therapy for several reasons, whether its anxiety, bereavement, trauma, stress and many other reasons that can be explored and worked through, with someone beside you, supporting you. It is your space and time, that can be used exploring whatever you wish to bring. My hope is to be someone you can reveal your true self to, without feeling judged, but to feel heard, understood and accepted.
01925 989951 View 01925 989951
Photo of Michael Rimmer, Counsellor in Warrington, England
Michael Rimmer
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA3
There is a broad spectrum of reasons why people seek and can benefit from counselling. The reasons may seem clear, or may feel somewhat out of reach, yet there is a sense that talking to someone may help? Counselling can help us to better understand the source of our distress, find resolutions and move forward in ways that serve us better as individuals. I consider it a privilege to work with people in this endeavour and recognise that it is important that you find the right person to talk to.
There is a broad spectrum of reasons why people seek and can benefit from counselling. The reasons may seem clear, or may feel somewhat out of reach, yet there is a sense that talking to someone may help? Counselling can help us to better understand the source of our distress, find resolutions and move forward in ways that serve us better as individuals. I consider it a privilege to work with people in this endeavour and recognise that it is important that you find the right person to talk to.
01925 377333 View 01925 377333
Photo of Julie Pomfret, Psychotherapist in Warrington, England
Julie Pomfret
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Warrington WA5
I am an integrative therapist who is able to offer a range of approaches. I specialise in Anxiety, Attachment Issues, Bibliotherapy, Body Image, Confidence with Communication, Creative Writing for Therapeutic Purpose, Depression, Existential Therapy, Expressive Writing Therapy, Identity Issues, Narrative Therapy and Resilience Building. I offer face-to-face therapy as I believe it is the most effective way to build a good, solid, therapeutic relationship. The experience of being in a safe therapy space helps to build a stronger, more trusting connection with your therapist, which, in turn, brings the best results.
I am an integrative therapist who is able to offer a range of approaches. I specialise in Anxiety, Attachment Issues, Bibliotherapy, Body Image, Confidence with Communication, Creative Writing for Therapeutic Purpose, Depression, Existential Therapy, Expressive Writing Therapy, Identity Issues, Narrative Therapy and Resilience Building. I offer face-to-face therapy as I believe it is the most effective way to build a good, solid, therapeutic relationship. The experience of being in a safe therapy space helps to build a stronger, more trusting connection with your therapist, which, in turn, brings the best results.
01925 986779 View 01925 986779
Photo of EJD Counselling, Counsellor in Warrington, England
EJD Counselling
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Warrington WA1
Do you feel you are being bullied and don’t know where to turn? Are you feeling anxious, stressed, depressed, guilty or embarrassed? I can help you. I offer you a safe, warm, non-judgemental space where you can be heard. By sharing your story, together, we can explore and understand your feelings, and learn to overcome the barriers which are limiting your happiness. My name is Elaine and I am an Integrative Counsellor.
Do you feel you are being bullied and don’t know where to turn? Are you feeling anxious, stressed, depressed, guilty or embarrassed? I can help you. I offer you a safe, warm, non-judgemental space where you can be heard. By sharing your story, together, we can explore and understand your feelings, and learn to overcome the barriers which are limiting your happiness. My name is Elaine and I am an Integrative Counsellor.
01925 906958 View 01925 906958
Photo of Jennifer McQuaid, Counsellor in Warrington, England
Jennifer McQuaid
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA2  (Online Only)
I am an integrative Counsellor, meaning I draw from different modalities of therapy when working with my clients. This allows me to provide support across a wide range of issues. I have ample experience of working with clients who present with issues ranging from, but not limited to, Anxiety, Depression, Loss, Grief, Low self-esteem Substance misuse.
I am an integrative Counsellor, meaning I draw from different modalities of therapy when working with my clients. This allows me to provide support across a wide range of issues. I have ample experience of working with clients who present with issues ranging from, but not limited to, Anxiety, Depression, Loss, Grief, Low self-esteem Substance misuse.
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Photo of Jade Scott, Psychologist in Warrington, England
Jade Scott
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Warrington WA4
Our aim at Springdale is to support any adult, child, young person, family or organisation to maximise their potential and effectively manage the difficulties that life often brings. We believe that by building an understanding of your social, emotional, psychological and physical needs, you can be supported to feel safe, ready to cope and able to achieve the goals that matter to you. Our aim will be to help you to explore your needs, to better understand the difficulties you face and to provide tailored psychological support, based on a wide range of evidence based interventions to help develop solutions that work for you.
Our aim at Springdale is to support any adult, child, young person, family or organisation to maximise their potential and effectively manage the difficulties that life often brings. We believe that by building an understanding of your social, emotional, psychological and physical needs, you can be supported to feel safe, ready to cope and able to achieve the goals that matter to you. Our aim will be to help you to explore your needs, to better understand the difficulties you face and to provide tailored psychological support, based on a wide range of evidence based interventions to help develop solutions that work for you.
01925 933380 View 01925 933380
Photo of Lynne Nowell, Counsellor in Warrington, England
Lynne Nowell
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Warrington WA5  (Online Only)
Since 2008 I have worked extensively with clients struggling with anxiety. stress, depression, trauma and relationship issues. I aim to make you feel heard and understood. I can help you identify obstacles and triggers that present problems in your everyday lives. Together we create a strategy of change that will strive to improve your mental health and wellbeing.
Since 2008 I have worked extensively with clients struggling with anxiety. stress, depression, trauma and relationship issues. I aim to make you feel heard and understood. I can help you identify obstacles and triggers that present problems in your everyday lives. Together we create a strategy of change that will strive to improve your mental health and wellbeing.
01925 986032 View 01925 986032
Photo of Lauren Atherton, Psychologist in Warrington, England
Lauren Atherton
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Warrington WA4
Our aim at Springdale is to support any adult, child, young person, family or organisation to maximise their potential and effectively manage the difficulties that life often brings. We believe that by building an understanding of your social, emotional, psychological and physical needs, you can be supported to feel safe, ready to cope and able to achieve the goals that matter to you. Our aim will be to help you to explore your needs, to better understand the difficulties you face and to provide tailored psychological support, based on a wide range of evidence based interventions to help develop solutions that work for you.
Our aim at Springdale is to support any adult, child, young person, family or organisation to maximise their potential and effectively manage the difficulties that life often brings. We believe that by building an understanding of your social, emotional, psychological and physical needs, you can be supported to feel safe, ready to cope and able to achieve the goals that matter to you. Our aim will be to help you to explore your needs, to better understand the difficulties you face and to provide tailored psychological support, based on a wide range of evidence based interventions to help develop solutions that work for you.
01925 361635 View 01925 361635
Photo of Jo Henderson, Psychotherapist in Warrington, England
Jo Henderson
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Warrington WA4  (Online Only)
I have worked in the NHS for 20 years delivering evidence-based therapy to people with a range of difficulties. Most recently I have worked with people who are experiencing PTSD, OCD, depression, bereavement, difficulties in relationships, anxiety, excessive worrying, low self-esteem and problems with identity. I also have a special interest in working with people with long-term conditions to understand the impact of this on all aspects of their lives including their emotional wellbeing and relationships. All of my work is currently done online through video link and I have a range of day and evening appointments.
I have worked in the NHS for 20 years delivering evidence-based therapy to people with a range of difficulties. Most recently I have worked with people who are experiencing PTSD, OCD, depression, bereavement, difficulties in relationships, anxiety, excessive worrying, low self-esteem and problems with identity. I also have a special interest in working with people with long-term conditions to understand the impact of this on all aspects of their lives including their emotional wellbeing and relationships. All of my work is currently done online through video link and I have a range of day and evening appointments.
01925 986813 View 01925 986813
Photo of Sian Elizabeth Tiebout, Counsellor in Warrington, England
Sian Elizabeth Tiebout
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA1
Small steps lead to big changes, let’s take the first step together. Are you ready to be heard? I am a warm, empathic, and non-judgemental person offering a genuine and accepting relationship in a confidential, safe space where you are free to explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
Small steps lead to big changes, let’s take the first step together. Are you ready to be heard? I am a warm, empathic, and non-judgemental person offering a genuine and accepting relationship in a confidential, safe space where you are free to explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
0151 453 0448 View 0151 453 0448
Photo of JLB Counsellor Therapist, Counsellor in Warrington, England
JLB Counsellor Therapist
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warrington WA3  (Online Only)
You may have found your self here today, looking for help because when we experience overwhelming emotions that cause us sadness, we may begin to withdraw from life. However, sharing our feelings is healing, and helps ease our pain. You may be suffering from feelings of depression, low mood, low self-esteem, anxiety, stress, loneliness, anger, fear, uncertainty, loss, grief, identity issues, cultural issues, a lost sense of self, trauma, abuse or suicidal thoughts. You may feel misunderstood, or health or relationship issues may be having a significant affect on your physical, emotional and psychological wellbeing.
You may have found your self here today, looking for help because when we experience overwhelming emotions that cause us sadness, we may begin to withdraw from life. However, sharing our feelings is healing, and helps ease our pain. You may be suffering from feelings of depression, low mood, low self-esteem, anxiety, stress, loneliness, anger, fear, uncertainty, loss, grief, identity issues, cultural issues, a lost sense of self, trauma, abuse or suicidal thoughts. You may feel misunderstood, or health or relationship issues may be having a significant affect on your physical, emotional and psychological wellbeing.
01925 986678 View 01925 986678
Photo of Anna Palin-Swift, Psychotherapist in Warrington, England
Anna Palin-Swift
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA3
I am an experienced integrative Psychotherapist working face to face and online. I have experience helping couples and individuals with Relationship support, whether that is support following an affair, help with communication or arguments or wider family situations. I also support individuals with issues like anxiety and self esteem. You may find it difficult to understand just what your problems are – you just know you feel awful and your life is not happy. Talking to a professionally trained & experienced counsellor or therapist really does allow you to explore these difficult areas and, together, draw up a workable action plan.
I am an experienced integrative Psychotherapist working face to face and online. I have experience helping couples and individuals with Relationship support, whether that is support following an affair, help with communication or arguments or wider family situations. I also support individuals with issues like anxiety and self esteem. You may find it difficult to understand just what your problems are – you just know you feel awful and your life is not happy. Talking to a professionally trained & experienced counsellor or therapist really does allow you to explore these difficult areas and, together, draw up a workable action plan.
01942 932418 View 01942 932418
Photo of Moira Cash Bsc(Hons), Counsellor in Warrington, England
Moira Cash Bsc(Hons)
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Warrington WA5
There is a quote by a lady called Anaïs Nin – “And the day came when the risk to remain tight in a bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom" – a quote in which I firmly believe and embodies how vulnerable people feel when considering contacting a Counsellor for the first time. It is always helpful to talk to someone, especially when that someone is trained to listen and help in a specialised and interactive way. A counsellor is not there to judge you, nor are they there to tell you what to do. Instead counselling provides a safe and respectful environment to express and explore your feelings and troubles.
There is a quote by a lady called Anaïs Nin – “And the day came when the risk to remain tight in a bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom" – a quote in which I firmly believe and embodies how vulnerable people feel when considering contacting a Counsellor for the first time. It is always helpful to talk to someone, especially when that someone is trained to listen and help in a specialised and interactive way. A counsellor is not there to judge you, nor are they there to tell you what to do. Instead counselling provides a safe and respectful environment to express and explore your feelings and troubles.
01925 906949 View 01925 906949
Photo of Moore Psychotherapy , Psychotherapist in Warrington, England
Moore Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA2
I know from personal experience just how difficult it is reaching out for support. So well done, you have already taken the first step by being here looking for help therefore believing that things can change. Just by talking to a therapist and being really heard you will start to recognise how past experiences are still being carried emotionally and that these can be resolved by understanding and letting go of unconscious controls. ​For more information visit my website www.moorepsychotherapy.co.uk
I know from personal experience just how difficult it is reaching out for support. So well done, you have already taken the first step by being here looking for help therefore believing that things can change. Just by talking to a therapist and being really heard you will start to recognise how past experiences are still being carried emotionally and that these can be resolved by understanding and letting go of unconscious controls. ​For more information visit my website www.moorepsychotherapy.co.uk
01925 595855 View 01925 595855
Photo of Jessica Hayes, Psychotherapist in Warrington, England
Jessica Hayes
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warrington WA1
I am here to help you in a way that is collaborative and gives you control. I am a CBT and EMDR Therapist with special interests in OCD and perinatal mental health, helping people all over the country who have had unsuccessful therapy before. I also work with self-esteem and many other difficulties. Think about what you are finding tough right now, because we will make this our priority; we can explore any thoughts and emotions contributing to your difficulties and focus on reaching the goals you have. We will work with openness and honesty, gaining insight and making lasting positive changes to your emotional wellbeing together.
I am here to help you in a way that is collaborative and gives you control. I am a CBT and EMDR Therapist with special interests in OCD and perinatal mental health, helping people all over the country who have had unsuccessful therapy before. I also work with self-esteem and many other difficulties. Think about what you are finding tough right now, because we will make this our priority; we can explore any thoughts and emotions contributing to your difficulties and focus on reaching the goals you have. We will work with openness and honesty, gaining insight and making lasting positive changes to your emotional wellbeing together.
01925 906930 View 01925 906930
Photo of Ignite Play Therapy in Warrington, England
Ignite Play Therapy
Verified Verified
Warrington WA2
I'm Lucy, a Certified Play and Creative Arts Therapist. Play is a child's natural form of communication, and is how they process their experiences and emotions. I work directly with children using play and the arts to help them explore their feelings without the need for words in a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic environment. This includes sand, games, instruments, puppets, dance/movement equipment, clay/dough and creative arts materials. Play Therapy sessions are child-led and aim to help children reach their potential and improve mental well-being.
I'm Lucy, a Certified Play and Creative Arts Therapist. Play is a child's natural form of communication, and is how they process their experiences and emotions. I work directly with children using play and the arts to help them explore their feelings without the need for words in a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic environment. This includes sand, games, instruments, puppets, dance/movement equipment, clay/dough and creative arts materials. Play Therapy sessions are child-led and aim to help children reach their potential and improve mental well-being.
07999 975402 View 07999 975402
Photo of Dr Omar A. Kowlessar, Psychologist in Warrington, England
Dr Omar A. Kowlessar
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Warrington WA3
I have over 20 years experience of working in the area of Adult Mental Health, working with males and females across the entire life span cycle (teenagers to older adults) treating a variety of mental health difficulties, ranging from common mental health problems (depression, anxiety disorders) to severe and enduring mental health difficulties (psychosis, personality disorders). I currently work as a Chartered Consultant Clinical Psychologist and run a private therapy practice out of my office in Warrington (Cheshire) where I provide a range of services to the public. Please have a look at my clinic pictures.
I have over 20 years experience of working in the area of Adult Mental Health, working with males and females across the entire life span cycle (teenagers to older adults) treating a variety of mental health difficulties, ranging from common mental health problems (depression, anxiety disorders) to severe and enduring mental health difficulties (psychosis, personality disorders). I currently work as a Chartered Consultant Clinical Psychologist and run a private therapy practice out of my office in Warrington (Cheshire) where I provide a range of services to the public. Please have a look at my clinic pictures.
01942 316263 View 01942 316263
Photo of Dr Paul Campbell, Psychologist in Warrington, England
Dr Paul Campbell
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Warrington WA1
Dr Campbell is a qualified Consultant Clinical Psychologist, chartered by the British Psychological Society, Registered with the Health Professions Council, and is an Associate Fellow of The British Psychological Society with extensive experience in Adult Mental Health. He is currently employed by the NHS as the Clinical Lead for the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Services (IAPT) for the whole of Greater Manchester, Cheshire & Merseyside
Dr Campbell is a qualified Consultant Clinical Psychologist, chartered by the British Psychological Society, Registered with the Health Professions Council, and is an Associate Fellow of The British Psychological Society with extensive experience in Adult Mental Health. He is currently employed by the NHS as the Clinical Lead for the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Services (IAPT) for the whole of Greater Manchester, Cheshire & Merseyside
01925 938913 View 01925 938913

See more therapy options for Warrington

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Warrington

100+

Average cost per session

£50

Counsellors in Warrington who prioritize treating:

94% Depression
94% Anxiety
88% Self Esteem
84% Stress
77% Bereavement
74% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% AXA PPP
53% Aviva
50% Vitality

How Counsellors in Warrington see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Warrington?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.