Counselling in Nottingham

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Photo of Sarah Crutchley, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Sarah Crutchley
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG2
A very warm welcome. You may be considering some professional support to help you with life's challenges. I know life can be tough at times for a variety of reasons, and we can find ourselves feeling out of control and under pressure, leaving us struggling and feeling lost, not knowing who to turn to for help and support. It may help you to share your thoughts and feelings, and in doing so you will be positioning yourself in the direction of potential growth, healing and change, which can help you manage your challenges and day to day life.
A very warm welcome. You may be considering some professional support to help you with life's challenges. I know life can be tough at times for a variety of reasons, and we can find ourselves feeling out of control and under pressure, leaving us struggling and feeling lost, not knowing who to turn to for help and support. It may help you to share your thoughts and feelings, and in doing so you will be positioning yourself in the direction of potential growth, healing and change, which can help you manage your challenges and day to day life.
0115 824 5693 View 0115 824 5693
Photo of Francesca Dod (Mbacp) Accredited, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Francesca Dod (Mbacp) Accredited
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG8
I aim to help and support clients in overcoming anxiety, low mood and issues affecting your mental health. I offer a safe space to heal through our non-judgmental, genuine therapeutic relationship. I offer psychotherapy & counselling integrating person-centred, attachment and cognitive-behavioural therapy. I am a BACP Accredited member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. I am a specialist working with children and young people. Additionally, I work with adults. I specialise in anxiety, trauma and self-harm. I work face to face, virtually on video and the phone.
I aim to help and support clients in overcoming anxiety, low mood and issues affecting your mental health. I offer a safe space to heal through our non-judgmental, genuine therapeutic relationship. I offer psychotherapy & counselling integrating person-centred, attachment and cognitive-behavioural therapy. I am a BACP Accredited member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy. I am a specialist working with children and young people. Additionally, I work with adults. I specialise in anxiety, trauma and self-harm. I work face to face, virtually on video and the phone.
0115 647 4487 View 0115 647 4487
Photo of Sarah Olds, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Sarah Olds
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG11
Do you feel like something needs to change but it’s hard know where to start? Do you find yourself getting caught up in unhelpful patterns within your family, relationships or work? Or maybe you're feeling numb, empty or anxious and can't seem to shake this off? When you’re feeling stuck in a pattern or weighed down by distressing feelings it can be really hard to find a way forward and find the motivation to change things. You are the expert on your own situation, but sometimes it can really help to talk things through to help you understand yourself more, make changes and live your life more fully.
Do you feel like something needs to change but it’s hard know where to start? Do you find yourself getting caught up in unhelpful patterns within your family, relationships or work? Or maybe you're feeling numb, empty or anxious and can't seem to shake this off? When you’re feeling stuck in a pattern or weighed down by distressing feelings it can be really hard to find a way forward and find the motivation to change things. You are the expert on your own situation, but sometimes it can really help to talk things through to help you understand yourself more, make changes and live your life more fully.
0115 647 0443 View 0115 647 0443
Photo of Yasmin LAWSON, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Yasmin LAWSON
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG2
Do you have relationship issues? I am an experienced Relate trained Couples Counsellor and I can help with a wide range of relationship difficulties. I am person centred and work in collaboration with my clients to help them to find a way to improve their relationships. I also work with couples when one partner may be on the Autistic Spectrum, whether diagnosed or not.
Do you have relationship issues? I am an experienced Relate trained Couples Counsellor and I can help with a wide range of relationship difficulties. I am person centred and work in collaboration with my clients to help them to find a way to improve their relationships. I also work with couples when one partner may be on the Autistic Spectrum, whether diagnosed or not.
0115 824 1631 View 0115 824 1631
Photo of Sharon Robinson, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Sharon Robinson
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG5
I am a relational, developmental integrative psychotherapist. My therapeutic approach reflects my humanistic philosophy, acknowledging the autonomy and uniqueness of the individual. At any time in our lives, we may encounter issues or events we find difficult to cope with. Finding our way can be lonely, frightening and deeply challenging. Working collaboratively, my aim is to provide a safe, warm, accepting environment for you to explore your experiences, concerns and needs, offering an empathic, compassionate, non-judgemental and genuine relational experience to help facilitate greater self-awareness, healing and growth.
I am a relational, developmental integrative psychotherapist. My therapeutic approach reflects my humanistic philosophy, acknowledging the autonomy and uniqueness of the individual. At any time in our lives, we may encounter issues or events we find difficult to cope with. Finding our way can be lonely, frightening and deeply challenging. Working collaboratively, my aim is to provide a safe, warm, accepting environment for you to explore your experiences, concerns and needs, offering an empathic, compassionate, non-judgemental and genuine relational experience to help facilitate greater self-awareness, healing and growth.
0115 824 0644 View 0115 824 0644
Photo of Andrea Damico, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Andrea Damico
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG3
Welcome!  Thank you  for taking the time to  read my profile which I hope will be helpful. I'm Andrea. Thank you for visiting my profile. I'm an Integrative psychotherapist, working within a humanistic, relational, and developmental framework. I have a wide range of experience working with people of all ages who need support or are experiencing difficulty. I have worked as a constitutional movement therapist since 1984 specialising in childhood developmental disorders in the NHS, private practice and educational settings both at home and abroad and gained a Masters in this subject in 2014.
Welcome!  Thank you  for taking the time to  read my profile which I hope will be helpful. I'm Andrea. Thank you for visiting my profile. I'm an Integrative psychotherapist, working within a humanistic, relational, and developmental framework. I have a wide range of experience working with people of all ages who need support or are experiencing difficulty. I have worked as a constitutional movement therapist since 1984 specialising in childhood developmental disorders in the NHS, private practice and educational settings both at home and abroad and gained a Masters in this subject in 2014.
0115 671 3855 View 0115 671 3855
Photo of Nav Nahal, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Nav Nahal
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG7
At times in life we all face uncertainty, anxiety, stress and confusion, these emotions are normal. We can experience conflict/anxiety/stress. Sometimes we may know why we are feeling the way we do, other times it comes like a bolt out of the blue. It is not up to me to tell you what to do, how to feel or how to be. With 4 years of counselling and psychotherapy coupled with 20 years of supporting people I can offer you the space where you can bring yourself back to you and use this awareness to move forward with a stronger and clearer sense of self.
At times in life we all face uncertainty, anxiety, stress and confusion, these emotions are normal. We can experience conflict/anxiety/stress. Sometimes we may know why we are feeling the way we do, other times it comes like a bolt out of the blue. It is not up to me to tell you what to do, how to feel or how to be. With 4 years of counselling and psychotherapy coupled with 20 years of supporting people I can offer you the space where you can bring yourself back to you and use this awareness to move forward with a stronger and clearer sense of self.
0115 647 0202 View 0115 647 0202
Photo of Robert Hewes, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Robert Hewes
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG5
Award winning BACP Senior Accredited Counsellor / Psychotherapist. Hi, thank you for choosing to read my profile. My name is Rob Hewes and I provide appropriate therapy or coaching that you need and in a confidential, warm and safe environment. I have now spent nearly 20 years in intense training and development as have experience working with clients in a variety of settings. I am an integrative therapist, drawing skills and experience from various therapeutic approaches. I provide: Psychotherapeutic Counselling. Therapeutic Counselling Supervision. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Clinical Hypnotherapy. NLP Coaching.
Award winning BACP Senior Accredited Counsellor / Psychotherapist. Hi, thank you for choosing to read my profile. My name is Rob Hewes and I provide appropriate therapy or coaching that you need and in a confidential, warm and safe environment. I have now spent nearly 20 years in intense training and development as have experience working with clients in a variety of settings. I am an integrative therapist, drawing skills and experience from various therapeutic approaches. I provide: Psychotherapeutic Counselling. Therapeutic Counselling Supervision. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Clinical Hypnotherapy. NLP Coaching.
0115 697 1698 View 0115 697 1698
Photo of Heather Petcher, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Heather Petcher
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG15  (Online Only)
At the heart of my practice is the emphasis on building a warm, safe and empathic therapeutic relationship based on acceptance and trust within a non judgemental and nurturing environment. I offer a safe space for you to explore your emotions to what is happening, or what has happened in your life and how this is affecting you in the present. I believe you are the expert of you and have all the capabilities to find your own way through your problems with my support, to build confidence within and facilitate personal growth.
At the heart of my practice is the emphasis on building a warm, safe and empathic therapeutic relationship based on acceptance and trust within a non judgemental and nurturing environment. I offer a safe space for you to explore your emotions to what is happening, or what has happened in your life and how this is affecting you in the present. I believe you are the expert of you and have all the capabilities to find your own way through your problems with my support, to build confidence within and facilitate personal growth.
0115 647 7173 View 0115 647 7173
Photo of Simi K Sihota, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Simi K Sihota
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nottingham NG1
Choosing the right counsellor or psychotherapist can be difficult. You may not even know where to start or how you feel. These difficulties and challenges can become overwhelming. Perhaps you feel stuck, helpless, anxious, confused or unfulfilled? Are the challenges you’re faced with impacting your self-esteem, relationships and general health?
Choosing the right counsellor or psychotherapist can be difficult. You may not even know where to start or how you feel. These difficulties and challenges can become overwhelming. Perhaps you feel stuck, helpless, anxious, confused or unfulfilled? Are the challenges you’re faced with impacting your self-esteem, relationships and general health?
01777 801300 View 01777 801300
Photo of Gillian Bales, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Gillian Bales
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG2
Hi, I'm Gill and as a Person-centred Counsellor, I hold the belief that we all have within ourselves the answers we seek. However, there are often times – especially when struggling with problems and difficult life events – that it can be hard to see a way forward. Whilst sharing worries with friends or family may be a valuable source of support, Talking Therapies can offer you the time and space to talk things through in a more open way and at a deeper level, helping you to gain new insight and view things differently, enabling you to let go of the past and allowing you to move forward.
Hi, I'm Gill and as a Person-centred Counsellor, I hold the belief that we all have within ourselves the answers we seek. However, there are often times – especially when struggling with problems and difficult life events – that it can be hard to see a way forward. Whilst sharing worries with friends or family may be a valuable source of support, Talking Therapies can offer you the time and space to talk things through in a more open way and at a deeper level, helping you to gain new insight and view things differently, enabling you to let go of the past and allowing you to move forward.
0115 697 1209 View 0115 697 1209
Photo of Claire Marlow, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Claire Marlow
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG13
Would you like to feel calm and less reactive? Less overwhelmed and more in control? To feel happier in your relationships with others…and with yourself? Sometimes in life, we get “stuck” and feel hopeless, unable to see a way forward. Whether you're plagued by a negative self-image, painful relationships or you're struggling to cope with life, I offer counselling and psychotherapy, to people just like you. I'll empower you to make the changes that you want to make and become the person you were meant to be. Too many professionals promise that they will transform your life! I won't do that - but I know that with my help, you can.
Would you like to feel calm and less reactive? Less overwhelmed and more in control? To feel happier in your relationships with others…and with yourself? Sometimes in life, we get “stuck” and feel hopeless, unable to see a way forward. Whether you're plagued by a negative self-image, painful relationships or you're struggling to cope with life, I offer counselling and psychotherapy, to people just like you. I'll empower you to make the changes that you want to make and become the person you were meant to be. Too many professionals promise that they will transform your life! I won't do that - but I know that with my help, you can.
01949 480446 View 01949 480446
Photo of Darran Flowers, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Darran Flowers
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG8
Are you feeling low, empty, worried or sad, and searching for confidential support? You may be struggling within your relationships, finding it challenging to manage a new situation, or grieving the loss of an important person in your life. You may be feeling confused and alone in your problems; unable to share with others some of the thoughts and feelings that you’re having, due to feeling that you may be criticised, ridiculed or misunderstood. Taking some time out to explore your thoughts and feelings relating to your past or present, and to develop strategies for moving your life forward could be of long-term benefit to you.
Are you feeling low, empty, worried or sad, and searching for confidential support? You may be struggling within your relationships, finding it challenging to manage a new situation, or grieving the loss of an important person in your life. You may be feeling confused and alone in your problems; unable to share with others some of the thoughts and feelings that you’re having, due to feeling that you may be criticised, ridiculed or misunderstood. Taking some time out to explore your thoughts and feelings relating to your past or present, and to develop strategies for moving your life forward could be of long-term benefit to you.
07990 688678 View 07990 688678
Photo of Halfway Tree Therapy Ltd, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Halfway Tree Therapy Ltd
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG7
Waitlist for new clients
We are all unique and present different ranges of issues requiring highly tailored therapy. As a UKCP accredited, Clinical Integrative Psychotherapist, qualified (with Distinction), at MSc level. I work in a relational/humanistic way, offering myself, my knowledge, and life experience to an extensive range of clients, to encourage growth and healing. Commissioned to work with the Nottinghamshire Police, BAME Crown Prosecution Service, NHS, whilst supporting Employee Assistance Programmes (EAP) and private patients with issues such as depression, anxiety, trauma and grief, childhood trauma and relationship issues.
We are all unique and present different ranges of issues requiring highly tailored therapy. As a UKCP accredited, Clinical Integrative Psychotherapist, qualified (with Distinction), at MSc level. I work in a relational/humanistic way, offering myself, my knowledge, and life experience to an extensive range of clients, to encourage growth and healing. Commissioned to work with the Nottinghamshire Police, BAME Crown Prosecution Service, NHS, whilst supporting Employee Assistance Programmes (EAP) and private patients with issues such as depression, anxiety, trauma and grief, childhood trauma and relationship issues.
01332 980834 View 01332 980834
Photo of Bex Ridgeway, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Bex Ridgeway
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG2  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Bex, I’m integrative psychotherapist which means I use many different approaches rather than one type of therapy. I’m also trauma informed which means I’m specially trained to understand how trauma impacts how we see the world. I use a holistic approach to see the whole person in the bigger picture of their human experience rather than taking a purely clinical method. I have a particular interest in working with people to support them in relating and dating more successfully. Whether it’s marriage stress or mother stress, I can help you improve your relationships.
Hi, I’m Bex, I’m integrative psychotherapist which means I use many different approaches rather than one type of therapy. I’m also trauma informed which means I’m specially trained to understand how trauma impacts how we see the world. I use a holistic approach to see the whole person in the bigger picture of their human experience rather than taking a purely clinical method. I have a particular interest in working with people to support them in relating and dating more successfully. Whether it’s marriage stress or mother stress, I can help you improve your relationships.
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Photo of Sharan Thiara Wellbeeing Counselling, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Sharan Thiara Wellbeeing Counselling
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nottingham NG5
How are you feeling? depressed, sad, unloved, putting others first, what happens to you when you do this????
How are you feeling? depressed, sad, unloved, putting others first, what happens to you when you do this????
0115 697 1075 View 0115 697 1075
Photo of Rajan Rai | Individuals And Couples, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Rajan Rai | Individuals And Couples
Psychotherapist, BACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG1
Hello! I’m Raj, and I am UKCP registered. I offer face-to-face individual & couples counselling sessions at two locations in Nottingham as well as online. With individuals, I work with (but not limited to): Depression & Anxiety; Relationship Issues; LGBTQIA+ - related Issues; Racial and cultural issues/conflicts; Low self-esteem; Lack of fulfilment. With couples, typical issues include:  affairs; conflict & anger; poor communication; life transitions; sexual difficulties; separation & divorce.
Hello! I’m Raj, and I am UKCP registered. I offer face-to-face individual & couples counselling sessions at two locations in Nottingham as well as online. With individuals, I work with (but not limited to): Depression & Anxiety; Relationship Issues; LGBTQIA+ - related Issues; Racial and cultural issues/conflicts; Low self-esteem; Lack of fulfilment. With couples, typical issues include:  affairs; conflict & anger; poor communication; life transitions; sexual difficulties; separation & divorce.
01777 809417 View 01777 809417
Photo of Horizon Oak Therapy, Psychotherapist in Nottingham, England
Horizon Oak Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG5
Hi, my name is Chinedu Agu. I am a humanistic and integrative psychotherapist. Adopting a holistic stance, my training allows me to blend different techniques and theories for a bespoke or tailor-made approach to suit your problems. I offer a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space where you can feel free to find your own path and discover your goals.
Hi, my name is Chinedu Agu. I am a humanistic and integrative psychotherapist. Adopting a holistic stance, my training allows me to blend different techniques and theories for a bespoke or tailor-made approach to suit your problems. I offer a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space where you can feel free to find your own path and discover your goals.
0115 647 4787 View 0115 647 4787
Photo of Kirsty Hannah, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Kirsty Hannah
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG5
Taking the first step to reach out can be really tough. Whether you'd like day to day life to feel a little easier or heal from a traumatic experience, we'll work together with what you bring to your sessions. I offer a safe confidential environment where you'll feel seen and accepted.
Taking the first step to reach out can be really tough. Whether you'd like day to day life to feel a little easier or heal from a traumatic experience, we'll work together with what you bring to your sessions. I offer a safe confidential environment where you'll feel seen and accepted.
0115 697 2257 View 0115 697 2257
Photo of Danielle Hutchings, Counsellor in Nottingham, England
Danielle Hutchings
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG7
********Specialist in Anxiety and Stress!******** Hi my name is Danielle Hutchings and i am a Passionate and dedicated Psychotherapist and Hypnotherapist, I can help you to take control of your life and focus on who and where you want to be. I am an accredited registrant with the National Counselling Society NCS and National Hypnotherapy society MHS. I have experience with a wide range of issues and offer counselling to adults and young people. I believe that everyone should be able to talk freely about their feelings without fear of judgement. I specialise in Anxiety and Stress, so don't suffer anymore get in touch.
********Specialist in Anxiety and Stress!******** Hi my name is Danielle Hutchings and i am a Passionate and dedicated Psychotherapist and Hypnotherapist, I can help you to take control of your life and focus on who and where you want to be. I am an accredited registrant with the National Counselling Society NCS and National Hypnotherapy society MHS. I have experience with a wide range of issues and offer counselling to adults and young people. I believe that everyone should be able to talk freely about their feelings without fear of judgement. I specialise in Anxiety and Stress, so don't suffer anymore get in touch.
0115 697 1947 View 0115 697 1947

See more therapy options for Nottingham

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Nottingham

300+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Nottingham who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
83% Self Esteem
80% Stress
78% Trauma and PTSD
77% Relationship Issues
67% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% AXA PPP
52% Aviva
43% Bupa

How Counsellors in Nottingham see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Nottingham?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.