Counselling in Shrewsbury

Photo of Johanna Brobeck, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Johanna Brobeck
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY1
In our work together I am led by you, although I play an active role in facilitating a space that opens up to the possibility of further self-awareness, developing autonomy and meaning, while in a fully supportive relationship. In collaboration, within a highly relational space, there is possibility of change, personal growth and/or acceptance, for example.
In our work together I am led by you, although I play an active role in facilitating a space that opens up to the possibility of further self-awareness, developing autonomy and meaning, while in a fully supportive relationship. In collaboration, within a highly relational space, there is possibility of change, personal growth and/or acceptance, for example.
01743 664121 View 01743 664121
Photo of Allan Michael Hand, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Allan Michael Hand
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY5
My aim is to help you achieve a better outcome for you regardless of the problem you have. I am a member of the BACP and The EMDR Association. EMDR is an evidenced based therapy that can treat many things such as PTSD,Historic Abuse and trauma from medical procedures, EMDR is recognised by NICE and The World Health Organisation. I have considerable experience of one to one working for complex bereavement and loss. Issues I can help with include depression, anxiety and Trauma (such as events experienced that are still affecting you). I have supported veterans and emergency service staff, sufferings from a variety of issues.
My aim is to help you achieve a better outcome for you regardless of the problem you have. I am a member of the BACP and The EMDR Association. EMDR is an evidenced based therapy that can treat many things such as PTSD,Historic Abuse and trauma from medical procedures, EMDR is recognised by NICE and The World Health Organisation. I have considerable experience of one to one working for complex bereavement and loss. Issues I can help with include depression, anxiety and Trauma (such as events experienced that are still affecting you). I have supported veterans and emergency service staff, sufferings from a variety of issues.
01952 454621 View 01952 454621
Photo of Mike Flinn, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Mike Flinn
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY3
I work with couples, individuals and students from yr6 upwards. My training allows me to support clients to change, by raising their awareness of what they're doing and the effect of their choices on them and others. The main areas I look at are communication, how they listen and respond to others and why they respond in that way. Once the client is aware of where the response is coming from they can begin to adjust it, to fit the situation in front of them. I work with couples and children experiencing separation and loss either now or in the past, and help them to understand and regulate their feelings.
I work with couples, individuals and students from yr6 upwards. My training allows me to support clients to change, by raising their awareness of what they're doing and the effect of their choices on them and others. The main areas I look at are communication, how they listen and respond to others and why they respond in that way. Once the client is aware of where the response is coming from they can begin to adjust it, to fit the situation in front of them. I work with couples and children experiencing separation and loss either now or in the past, and help them to understand and regulate their feelings.
01743 648637 View 01743 648637
Photo of Lorelei Green, Psychotherapist in Shrewsbury, England
Lorelei Green
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY1
I provide a space free of judgement, in which you can explore your thoughts, feelings, options and healing at your own pace. I offer this in person, via video or phone, and via email. I have a masters degree in trauma and PTSD and I am also trained in the Rewind Technique. I work humanistically; primarily using person-centered and gestalt, but I do bring in other interventions like CBT, mindfulness, trauma-interventions and creative therapy. To see a list of other training I have done, please visit the About Me section on my website.
I provide a space free of judgement, in which you can explore your thoughts, feelings, options and healing at your own pace. I offer this in person, via video or phone, and via email. I have a masters degree in trauma and PTSD and I am also trained in the Rewind Technique. I work humanistically; primarily using person-centered and gestalt, but I do bring in other interventions like CBT, mindfulness, trauma-interventions and creative therapy. To see a list of other training I have done, please visit the About Me section on my website.
01743 562279 View 01743 562279
Photo of Becky Bigglestone, Psychologist in Shrewsbury, England
Becky Bigglestone
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY1
Waitlist for new clients
I specialise in supporting people who are finding life difficult or finding it hard to find a way forward; people with difficulties around sadness, depression, fear or anxiety, PTSD, trauma, recovering from abuse, or feeling stuck in their lives. Trauma and abuse can leave people with feelings of being alone, worthless, broken, or hopeless and helpless. People however, absolutely hold the seeds of their recovery within themselves, and with the right support and encouragement, they can start to build a better life with meaning and value. I aim to use my training, and knowledge and experience, to support people in their journey.
I specialise in supporting people who are finding life difficult or finding it hard to find a way forward; people with difficulties around sadness, depression, fear or anxiety, PTSD, trauma, recovering from abuse, or feeling stuck in their lives. Trauma and abuse can leave people with feelings of being alone, worthless, broken, or hopeless and helpless. People however, absolutely hold the seeds of their recovery within themselves, and with the right support and encouragement, they can start to build a better life with meaning and value. I aim to use my training, and knowledge and experience, to support people in their journey.
01743 652207 View 01743 652207
Photo of Ines Fitzsimmons, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Ines Fitzsimmons
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY3
Hello and a warm welcome to my profile. I am an Integrative Counsellor and my goal as a therapist is to provide a safe non-judgemental space, where my counselling clients can feel encouraged and supported through life’s challenges. Whatever you are going through, whether it is depression, anxiety, relationship problems, family problems, separation or divorce, emotional difficulties or bereavement, there is hope. I have extensive experience counselling in the third sector as well as general counselling practise in a GP surgery. I offer weekly counselling sessions face-to-face and online via Skype and telephone.
Hello and a warm welcome to my profile. I am an Integrative Counsellor and my goal as a therapist is to provide a safe non-judgemental space, where my counselling clients can feel encouraged and supported through life’s challenges. Whatever you are going through, whether it is depression, anxiety, relationship problems, family problems, separation or divorce, emotional difficulties or bereavement, there is hope. I have extensive experience counselling in the third sector as well as general counselling practise in a GP surgery. I offer weekly counselling sessions face-to-face and online via Skype and telephone.
01743 298282 View 01743 298282
Photo of Lib Meakin, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Lib Meakin
Counsellor, PhD
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY1  (Online Only)
Counselling is one way to give attention to aspects of our lives that trouble us. I concentrate on four areas of life. The first is when we feel bewildered, lost and disorientated. Second is when we see familiar, recurring patterns in ourselves. Third is the pleasures and difficulties of being with other people. Fourth is managing emotion and mood. Ways of thinking, reacting and managing distress vary widely as do practical circumstances. The need to find courage and energy can be tough. Check my website and see if what I offer could be useful to you.
Counselling is one way to give attention to aspects of our lives that trouble us. I concentrate on four areas of life. The first is when we feel bewildered, lost and disorientated. Second is when we see familiar, recurring patterns in ourselves. Third is the pleasures and difficulties of being with other people. Fourth is managing emotion and mood. Ways of thinking, reacting and managing distress vary widely as do practical circumstances. The need to find courage and energy can be tough. Check my website and see if what I offer could be useful to you.
01743 298350 View 01743 298350
Photo of Jade Taylor Creative Counselling, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Jade Taylor Creative Counselling
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY1
Waitlist for new clients
Online, outdoor and face-to-face. AuDHD. “The curious paradox is that when I accept myself, just as I am, then I can change.” - Carl Rogers. I offer a safe space where you identify any learnt messages and separate them from who you really are, not who you have become by trying to conform and please the world and others. Through an ND-affirmative person-centred lens, I support you to recognise your differences, celebrate them, and understand their effect on your behaviour and feelings. You are the expert on you, but you may have just lost your voice.
Online, outdoor and face-to-face. AuDHD. “The curious paradox is that when I accept myself, just as I am, then I can change.” - Carl Rogers. I offer a safe space where you identify any learnt messages and separate them from who you really are, not who you have become by trying to conform and please the world and others. Through an ND-affirmative person-centred lens, I support you to recognise your differences, celebrate them, and understand their effect on your behaviour and feelings. You are the expert on you, but you may have just lost your voice.
01743 298374 View 01743 298374
Photo of Mick Rapson, Psychotherapist in Shrewsbury, England
Mick Rapson
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY2
Psychological and emotional distress are part of being human, I can help you identify and clarify the distress, then think about goals and changes that would be helpful to make. Together we find the barriers to these changes and work creatively to overcome them. I base my approach in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; CBT. This therapy continues to develop and be successfully adapted to a wide range of presentations and clinical situations, its strength being that it combines making flexible, practical changes which fit in with your values. Over time we can get used to doing things one way and sometimes need help to find alternatives.
Psychological and emotional distress are part of being human, I can help you identify and clarify the distress, then think about goals and changes that would be helpful to make. Together we find the barriers to these changes and work creatively to overcome them. I base my approach in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; CBT. This therapy continues to develop and be successfully adapted to a wide range of presentations and clinical situations, its strength being that it combines making flexible, practical changes which fit in with your values. Over time we can get used to doing things one way and sometimes need help to find alternatives.
01743 293343 View 01743 293343
Photo of Illuminate Psychotherapy Services, Psychotherapist in Shrewsbury, England
Illuminate Psychotherapy Services
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Shrewsbury SY1
Katie is a highly skilled and compassionate CBT psychotherapist with over 10 years of experience. Specialising in the treatment of complex trauma, anxiety disorders, depression, and attachment difficulties, Katie uses an individualised and formulation-driven approach to therapy. She has extensive experience working with adults and young people, Katie has a proven ability to build therapeutic relationships that facilitate growth and insight. With a friendly and empathetic approach, she empowers clients to take control of their own healing journey.
Katie is a highly skilled and compassionate CBT psychotherapist with over 10 years of experience. Specialising in the treatment of complex trauma, anxiety disorders, depression, and attachment difficulties, Katie uses an individualised and formulation-driven approach to therapy. She has extensive experience working with adults and young people, Katie has a proven ability to build therapeutic relationships that facilitate growth and insight. With a friendly and empathetic approach, she empowers clients to take control of their own healing journey.
01939 554536 View 01939 554536
Photo of Deb Derham, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Deb Derham
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY2
Perhaps you might be noticing some repetitive behaviour patterns, maybe attracting the same relationships or reverting to a particular way of being in your relationships - whether that's romantic, family, work, or friendships. You may be developing some self awareness that you you would like to explore further, or you may indeed be in the midst of a crisis, life change, or transition. Whatever it troubling you, please reach out. Contrary to popular belief, therapy isn't just for a crisis.
Perhaps you might be noticing some repetitive behaviour patterns, maybe attracting the same relationships or reverting to a particular way of being in your relationships - whether that's romantic, family, work, or friendships. You may be developing some self awareness that you you would like to explore further, or you may indeed be in the midst of a crisis, life change, or transition. Whatever it troubling you, please reach out. Contrary to popular belief, therapy isn't just for a crisis.
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Photo of Paula Reynolds Counselling, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Paula Reynolds Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY1
I understand how daunting it can be seeking counselling and finding a counsellor who you can trust and be honest and open with. I aim to provide a professional, safe, confidential and non judgmental space in which you will be able to explore recent and long standing personal issues and to gain a greater understanding of your unhappiness and distress and find a way to manage this. My main priority is to make this a positive experience for you, and for the changes to be long standing.
I understand how daunting it can be seeking counselling and finding a counsellor who you can trust and be honest and open with. I aim to provide a professional, safe, confidential and non judgmental space in which you will be able to explore recent and long standing personal issues and to gain a greater understanding of your unhappiness and distress and find a way to manage this. My main priority is to make this a positive experience for you, and for the changes to be long standing.
01743 562420 View 01743 562420
Photo of Katie Hutton, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Katie Hutton
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY1
I practice in a non-judgemental way which is individual to each client. My aim is to empower you and help you to live your most fulfilling life by encouraging you to recognise your inner resources and strength and to support your emotional wellbeing. I will work with you to help you to explore your thoughts and feelings and gain valuable new perspectives about yourself and your situation and to give you a greater sense of control and choice in your life. I can offer weekly or twice monthly counselling sessions on a long, medium, or short-term basis. We can often make a difference in just a few sessions.
I practice in a non-judgemental way which is individual to each client. My aim is to empower you and help you to live your most fulfilling life by encouraging you to recognise your inner resources and strength and to support your emotional wellbeing. I will work with you to help you to explore your thoughts and feelings and gain valuable new perspectives about yourself and your situation and to give you a greater sense of control and choice in your life. I can offer weekly or twice monthly counselling sessions on a long, medium, or short-term basis. We can often make a difference in just a few sessions.
01743 298335 View 01743 298335
Photo of Loraine Newbold, Psychologist in Shrewsbury, England
Loraine Newbold
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY3
Not accepting new clients
I am a Counselling Psychologist working with adults and young adults across a wide range of different issues. I am trained to work with a number of therapeutic approaches which I integrate to suit the individual client.
I am a Counselling Psychologist working with adults and young adults across a wide range of different issues. I am trained to work with a number of therapeutic approaches which I integrate to suit the individual client.
01743 562344 View 01743 562344
Photo of nikki mansfield - malaya counselling, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
nikki mansfield - malaya counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY3
I strongly believe that counselling therapy should be available to all and pride myself on offering a Bespoke service to ensure All clients feel valued . I offer a range of services to suit needs which can include home / school visits , telephone / on line sessions or a walk with , talk with option . sessions can be arranged around your availability to include weekends or evenings if necessary. I will ensure you feel Safe , heard & in control of the process at all times , we will work at your pace and for as long as you feel you need support . Just be you ! That is more than good enough for me .
I strongly believe that counselling therapy should be available to all and pride myself on offering a Bespoke service to ensure All clients feel valued . I offer a range of services to suit needs which can include home / school visits , telephone / on line sessions or a walk with , talk with option . sessions can be arranged around your availability to include weekends or evenings if necessary. I will ensure you feel Safe , heard & in control of the process at all times , we will work at your pace and for as long as you feel you need support . Just be you ! That is more than good enough for me .
01743 297009 View 01743 297009
Photo of Achieve360 Ltd individual MBACP Children & Adults, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Achieve360 Ltd individual MBACP Children & Adults
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY4
Hello, my name is Nicki, I have been a therapist since 2008 and a member of the BACP, I am very passionate about my work as a person centered counsellor and a Family Mentor. I want to see my clients empowered by gaining confidence, and to get to their desired goals. I offer a very warm welcome, non judgemental environment. For those who may feel uncomfortable just sitting and talking, you can draw, use play dough, paint during our sessions, I would happily bring my therapy dog in, Jax too!
Hello, my name is Nicki, I have been a therapist since 2008 and a member of the BACP, I am very passionate about my work as a person centered counsellor and a Family Mentor. I want to see my clients empowered by gaining confidence, and to get to their desired goals. I offer a very warm welcome, non judgemental environment. For those who may feel uncomfortable just sitting and talking, you can draw, use play dough, paint during our sessions, I would happily bring my therapy dog in, Jax too!
01643 802392 View 01643 802392
Photo of drkatetherapy.com, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
drkatetherapy.com
Counsellor, MHGI
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY3
I am both a fully qualified Human Givens Practitioner (HG.Dip.P) and Medical Doctor with over 20 years of experience. I have worked in therapy, occupational medicine, addiction services and General Practice. I have Breathworks training in mindfulness and meditation. My wealth of experience with individuals and businesses allows me to effectively provide therapy and coaching to anyone looking to improve their mental health.
I am both a fully qualified Human Givens Practitioner (HG.Dip.P) and Medical Doctor with over 20 years of experience. I have worked in therapy, occupational medicine, addiction services and General Practice. I have Breathworks training in mindfulness and meditation. My wealth of experience with individuals and businesses allows me to effectively provide therapy and coaching to anyone looking to improve their mental health.
01743 664107 View 01743 664107
Photo of Scott Reeve, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Scott Reeve
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Shrewsbury SY1
My name is Scott Reeve, and I am a fully accredited and registered counsellor & psychotherapist with BACP (British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy), with over 11 years experience of providing counselling for individuals. I am qualified to MSc level (Masters), and have undergone extensive further training in many areas and am committed to ongoing professional development. I have worked in a variety of different settings, seeing a wide range of issues and needs over these years. Counselling gives the opportunity to dedicate time and space to explore personal issues in the hope this can provide a positive way forward.
My name is Scott Reeve, and I am a fully accredited and registered counsellor & psychotherapist with BACP (British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy), with over 11 years experience of providing counselling for individuals. I am qualified to MSc level (Masters), and have undergone extensive further training in many areas and am committed to ongoing professional development. I have worked in a variety of different settings, seeing a wide range of issues and needs over these years. Counselling gives the opportunity to dedicate time and space to explore personal issues in the hope this can provide a positive way forward.
01743 291002 View 01743 291002
Photo of Stuart Thomas, Counsellor in Shrewsbury, England
Stuart Thomas
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY4
You may be experiencing high levels of anxiety, making it hard to function in your everyday life. You may have feelings of sadness, guilt, shame or anger and not know how to manage distressing emotions. You may have experienced trauma and feel that recovery is impossible. Whatever it is you’re feeling, thinking and experiencing, you don’t have to face it alone. I offer a space that’s safe to explore aspects of your life that may be painful, distressing or confusing.
You may be experiencing high levels of anxiety, making it hard to function in your everyday life. You may have feelings of sadness, guilt, shame or anger and not know how to manage distressing emotions. You may have experienced trauma and feel that recovery is impossible. Whatever it is you’re feeling, thinking and experiencing, you don’t have to face it alone. I offer a space that’s safe to explore aspects of your life that may be painful, distressing or confusing.
01743 664530 View 01743 664530
Photo of Isabel Leming in Shrewsbury, England
Isabel Leming
MRes
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury SY2  (Online Only)
How would it be to be living a joyous, fulfilled, and happy life? Free from anxiety, depression, limiting beliefs and that inner critic. Just imagine for a moment how life would be then. For clients looking to find answers and solutions to their problems. I support people to improve their lives and overcome issues when things get difficult. I take the time to listen and understand your challenges and history and provide personally-tailored sessions to help you move forward with energy, clarity and direction. I teach a range of tools, techniques and skills for you to implement and take back control of you mind and your life.
How would it be to be living a joyous, fulfilled, and happy life? Free from anxiety, depression, limiting beliefs and that inner critic. Just imagine for a moment how life would be then. For clients looking to find answers and solutions to their problems. I support people to improve their lives and overcome issues when things get difficult. I take the time to listen and understand your challenges and history and provide personally-tailored sessions to help you move forward with energy, clarity and direction. I teach a range of tools, techniques and skills for you to implement and take back control of you mind and your life.
0141 673 5538 View 0141 673 5538

See more therapy options for Shrewsbury

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Shrewsbury

70+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Shrewsbury who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
92% Depression
91% Self Esteem
84% Relationship Issues
84% Stress
72% Bereavement
72% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Bupa
64% Vitality
59% Aviva

How Counsellors in Shrewsbury see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Shrewsbury?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.