Counselling in NW11

Photo of Simon Lewis Newton - Simon Newton Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Simon Newton Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
London NW11
Struggling with any anxieties/fears or low mood? I am a very experienced Adult Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist working with adults of all ages who want to learn ways to manage their feelings, behaviours, thoughts, and/or physical symptoms. For 13 years, I have worked with adults and young people aged 16+, suffering from a range of emotional and mental health difficulties such as anxiety and low mood/depression. You will be offered a warm, friendly and non-judgemental space in which you can feel safe to talk and work on finding more helpful ways to manage current difficulties.
Struggling with any anxieties/fears or low mood? I am a very experienced Adult Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist working with adults of all ages who want to learn ways to manage their feelings, behaviours, thoughts, and/or physical symptoms. For 13 years, I have worked with adults and young people aged 16+, suffering from a range of emotional and mental health difficulties such as anxiety and low mood/depression. You will be offered a warm, friendly and non-judgemental space in which you can feel safe to talk and work on finding more helpful ways to manage current difficulties.
07481 340001 View 07481 340001
Photo of Nia Ruparelia, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Nia Ruparelia
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
London NW11
Hello, I’m Nia! I’m so glad you’ve found your way here. Life often asks us to carry more than we realise. Past experiences, cultural and family expectations, or inner struggles can leave us feeling heavy, uncertain, or disconnected from ourselves. Just as the body needs care to heal, so too does the mind and heart. Therapy offers a space to pause, reflect, and gently reconnect with the parts of yourself that may have been forgotten along the way. For me, therapy is less about “fixing” and more about exploring, remembering, and realigning at your own pace, in your own way.
Hello, I’m Nia! I’m so glad you’ve found your way here. Life often asks us to carry more than we realise. Past experiences, cultural and family expectations, or inner struggles can leave us feeling heavy, uncertain, or disconnected from ourselves. Just as the body needs care to heal, so too does the mind and heart. Therapy offers a space to pause, reflect, and gently reconnect with the parts of yourself that may have been forgotten along the way. For me, therapy is less about “fixing” and more about exploring, remembering, and realigning at your own pace, in your own way.
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Photo of Kevin Rose, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
Kevin Rose
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
London NW11
Hello I am a psychotherapist, counsellor and Cognitive Behaviour Therapist offering counselling in the Finchley, Golders Green, Hendon, Barnet, North London area and online. I have helped many people from different backgrounds in my thirty years as a practicing therapist and I work with a range of therapies depending on what is best for the client. If you come to see me the first session is £65 and I have a sliding scale of fees of £65-£85.
Hello I am a psychotherapist, counsellor and Cognitive Behaviour Therapist offering counselling in the Finchley, Golders Green, Hendon, Barnet, North London area and online. I have helped many people from different backgrounds in my thirty years as a practicing therapist and I work with a range of therapies depending on what is best for the client. If you come to see me the first session is £65 and I have a sliding scale of fees of £65-£85.
020 3870 3868 View 020 3870 3868
Photo of Tammy O'Brien, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Tammy O'Brien
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
London NW11
I offer counselling and psychotherapy for children, teenagers and adults. With a compassionate and non-judgmental approach, I am dedicated to providing a safe and supportive space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Using a combination of psychodynamic, person-centred and CBT techniques, I work collaboratively with clients to develop personalised treatment plans that address their unique needs and goals. When working with young people I use a play therapy/creative approach, as often this can be the easiest way for children and teens to access their thoughts and emotions.
I offer counselling and psychotherapy for children, teenagers and adults. With a compassionate and non-judgmental approach, I am dedicated to providing a safe and supportive space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Using a combination of psychodynamic, person-centred and CBT techniques, I work collaboratively with clients to develop personalised treatment plans that address their unique needs and goals. When working with young people I use a play therapy/creative approach, as often this can be the easiest way for children and teens to access their thoughts and emotions.
020 4572 6285 View 020 4572 6285
Photo of Zohreh Irvani, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Zohreh Irvani
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
London NW11
Whether you're struggling with anxiety, low mood, life transitions, past trauma, or a sense of being stuck, I’m here to support you in making sense of what you’re feeling. My approach is gentle yet reflective, helping you explore how your past may be shaping your present—and how deeper self-understanding can open the way to lasting change. Therapy invites us to pause and reflect on what truly matters. It's a chance to explore not only what’s difficult right now, but also past experiences and deeper longings. Together, we’ll look at emotional patterns, experiences of feeling trapped, and how these might be holding you back.
Whether you're struggling with anxiety, low mood, life transitions, past trauma, or a sense of being stuck, I’m here to support you in making sense of what you’re feeling. My approach is gentle yet reflective, helping you explore how your past may be shaping your present—and how deeper self-understanding can open the way to lasting change. Therapy invites us to pause and reflect on what truly matters. It's a chance to explore not only what’s difficult right now, but also past experiences and deeper longings. Together, we’ll look at emotional patterns, experiences of feeling trapped, and how these might be holding you back.
020 4634 0612 View 020 4634 0612
Photo of Holly Taylor, Counsellor, MBACP
Holly Taylor
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
London NW11
Hello and welcome. There’s a lot of jargon in the therapy world which can make it hard to know where to start and what kind of help you might need. Whether you are feeling depressed, anxious, unworthy, or can’t get a hold of what your feelings are, psychotherapy can help. I welcome anyone who is curious about understanding more about themselves, their relationships with others and feels that talking therapy may be a helpful place to do that.
Hello and welcome. There’s a lot of jargon in the therapy world which can make it hard to know where to start and what kind of help you might need. Whether you are feeling depressed, anxious, unworthy, or can’t get a hold of what your feelings are, psychotherapy can help. I welcome anyone who is curious about understanding more about themselves, their relationships with others and feels that talking therapy may be a helpful place to do that.
020 4634 2871 View 020 4634 2871
Photo of Ilva Mehmedaj, Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Ilva Mehmedaj
Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
London NW11
It is never too late to experience the childhood you didn't get, through care, safety, and self-compassion. And it is never too late to discover your true self, beyond survival, beyond roles, and beyond the past.
It is never too late to experience the childhood you didn't get, through care, safety, and self-compassion. And it is never too late to discover your true self, beyond survival, beyond roles, and beyond the past.
020 4572 0819 View 020 4572 0819
Photo of Romany Jager, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Romany Jager
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
1 Endorsed
London NW11
Welcome – I’m Romany I am a qualified therapist dedicated to supporting children, teenagers, young adults, and families. Whether you are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or struggling to make sense of your relationships, I am here to help you find a way through. Since 2017, I have worked in diverse therapeutic settings, helping my clients build the self-awareness, emotional resilience, and confidence needed to make meaningful, lasting changes in their lives. I understand that starting therapy can feel daunting:
Welcome – I’m Romany I am a qualified therapist dedicated to supporting children, teenagers, young adults, and families. Whether you are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or struggling to make sense of your relationships, I am here to help you find a way through. Since 2017, I have worked in diverse therapeutic settings, helping my clients build the self-awareness, emotional resilience, and confidence needed to make meaningful, lasting changes in their lives. I understand that starting therapy can feel daunting:
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Photo of Jodi Mishcon, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Jodi Mishcon
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
2 Endorsed
London NW11
I offer warmth, openness and curiosity, providing a creative and flexible environment in which you can feel safe enough to explore all parts of yourself including those that might feel challenging or unacceptable. I hope that our work together will enable you to begin to heal and grow. At the core of my practice is my belief in the importance of seeing the individual in front of me and I aim to hear and learn to understand your needs in relation to you.
I offer warmth, openness and curiosity, providing a creative and flexible environment in which you can feel safe enough to explore all parts of yourself including those that might feel challenging or unacceptable. I hope that our work together will enable you to begin to heal and grow. At the core of my practice is my belief in the importance of seeing the individual in front of me and I aim to hear and learn to understand your needs in relation to you.
020 3835 4359 View 020 3835 4359
Photo of Phillip Sobel, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Phillip Sobel
Psychotherapist, MBACP
London NW11
My ideal client is someone who has reached a point where carrying on as they are no longer feels possible. They may be struggling with trauma, loss, anxiety, or a deep sense of disconnection. What they long for is relief, understanding, and a renewed sense of meaning. Beneath their pain is the wish to feel alive and whole again — to rebuild trust in themselves and in life. They don’t want quick fixes; they want to face their truth with honesty and courage, and to find a way forward that feels authentic and grounded.
My ideal client is someone who has reached a point where carrying on as they are no longer feels possible. They may be struggling with trauma, loss, anxiety, or a deep sense of disconnection. What they long for is relief, understanding, and a renewed sense of meaning. Beneath their pain is the wish to feel alive and whole again — to rebuild trust in themselves and in life. They don’t want quick fixes; they want to face their truth with honesty and courage, and to find a way forward that feels authentic and grounded.
020 4538 6502 View 020 4538 6502
Photo of Mali Meira Sinclair-Horne - Mali's Play Therapy, MA
Mali's Play Therapy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London NW11
Mali is a qualified Child-Centred Play Therapist, registered with the British Association of Play Therapists (BAPT). She holds an MA in Play Therapy from the University of Roehampton and a BA (Hons) in Early Childhood Studies from Middlesex University. With over ten years of experience supporting children across a wide range of settings including schools, an NHS bereavement service, charities, and early years environments. Mali offers a warm, empathetic, and attuned approach to helping children express and process their inner worlds through play.
Mali is a qualified Child-Centred Play Therapist, registered with the British Association of Play Therapists (BAPT). She holds an MA in Play Therapy from the University of Roehampton and a BA (Hons) in Early Childhood Studies from Middlesex University. With over ten years of experience supporting children across a wide range of settings including schools, an NHS bereavement service, charities, and early years environments. Mali offers a warm, empathetic, and attuned approach to helping children express and process their inner worlds through play.
020 4634 1342 View 020 4634 1342
Photo of Alexandra Mync, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Alexandra Mync
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
London NW11
Over the past 20 years, I've been working in the NHS, charitable sector, as well as in private practice. Alongside working in private practice, I have gained considerable experience in teaching, training and offering clinical supervision. People who seek therapy are facing a broad range of challenges & feelings that are difficult to manage. You may be: feeling low; stuck or carrying with you nagging anxiety; struggling in relationships; lacking confidence and self-worth; adjusting to change e.g. embarking on something new in your life, or things that are familiar to you are coming to an end; dealing with loss or bereavement, etc.
Over the past 20 years, I've been working in the NHS, charitable sector, as well as in private practice. Alongside working in private practice, I have gained considerable experience in teaching, training and offering clinical supervision. People who seek therapy are facing a broad range of challenges & feelings that are difficult to manage. You may be: feeling low; stuck or carrying with you nagging anxiety; struggling in relationships; lacking confidence and self-worth; adjusting to change e.g. embarking on something new in your life, or things that are familiar to you are coming to an end; dealing with loss or bereavement, etc.
020 4572 4417 View 020 4572 4417
Photo of Alexander Lajer, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Alexander Lajer
Psychotherapist, MBACP
London NW11
I am an integrative therapist dedicated to supporting children, teens, and young adults through emotional and behavioural challenges. My therapeutic approach is founded on the belief that while past experiences shape us, every young person possesses an intrinsic capacity for growth and the ability to overcome patterns that may have held them back. I work with young people experiencing anxiety and stress, low mood and depression, self-esteem difficulties, self-harm and emotional regulation challenges, addiction and substance use, behavioural and school issues, trauma, loss, and major life transitions.
I am an integrative therapist dedicated to supporting children, teens, and young adults through emotional and behavioural challenges. My therapeutic approach is founded on the belief that while past experiences shape us, every young person possesses an intrinsic capacity for growth and the ability to overcome patterns that may have held them back. I work with young people experiencing anxiety and stress, low mood and depression, self-esteem difficulties, self-harm and emotional regulation challenges, addiction and substance use, behavioural and school issues, trauma, loss, and major life transitions.
020 4572 5750 View 020 4572 5750
Photo of Dr Jade Copperwheat, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Jade Copperwheat
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
London NW11
Hi, I’m Dr Jade Copperwheat, a chartered counselling psychologist providing face-to-face therapy in Golders Green, North West London, and online across the UK. I also work with clients from nearby areas like Harrow, Finchley, Hendon, Hampstead, and Wembley. My approach is integrative, combining evidence-based techniques to help with challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, emotional eating, body image concerns, trauma, and life transitions. Through therapy, you'll find a space to slow down, reflect, and start working towards meaningful, lasting change.
Hi, I’m Dr Jade Copperwheat, a chartered counselling psychologist providing face-to-face therapy in Golders Green, North West London, and online across the UK. I also work with clients from nearby areas like Harrow, Finchley, Hendon, Hampstead, and Wembley. My approach is integrative, combining evidence-based techniques to help with challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, emotional eating, body image concerns, trauma, and life transitions. Through therapy, you'll find a space to slow down, reflect, and start working towards meaningful, lasting change.
020 4572 5010 View 020 4572 5010
Susan Lipkin
Psychologist, HCPC - Ed. Psych.
London NW11
I am passionate about working with children and believe that every child should have the opportunity to meet their potential and achieve success. Psychological assessments make it possible to identify a child's strengths and areas of need, with a view to devising and implementing a comprehensive programme to support their needs and maximise their potential. I have worked and supported children with a range of needs including; learning difficulties, dyslexia, dyscalculia, language difficulties, processing and memory difficulties, social communication difficulties, attention difficulties, emotional and behavioural needs.
I am passionate about working with children and believe that every child should have the opportunity to meet their potential and achieve success. Psychological assessments make it possible to identify a child's strengths and areas of need, with a view to devising and implementing a comprehensive programme to support their needs and maximise their potential. I have worked and supported children with a range of needs including; learning difficulties, dyslexia, dyscalculia, language difficulties, processing and memory difficulties, social communication difficulties, attention difficulties, emotional and behavioural needs.
07989 746910 View 07989 746910
Photo of Joy Behrmann, Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Joy Behrmann
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
London NW11
My practice is exclusively focused on relationships and family counselling. I am not a general counsellor with relationships as an add-on. Alongside my private practice, I have worked with Relate for almost 20 years. I also counsel couples and families at a cancer charity and am very aware of the impact of illness on relationships. As a former family lawyer I have seen the emotional impact on couples and families facing dispute and conflict. I have an MA in relationship counselling. I am based in easy reach of Hampstead, Golders Green, Primrose Hill and Belsize Park.
My practice is exclusively focused on relationships and family counselling. I am not a general counsellor with relationships as an add-on. Alongside my private practice, I have worked with Relate for almost 20 years. I also counsel couples and families at a cancer charity and am very aware of the impact of illness on relationships. As a former family lawyer I have seen the emotional impact on couples and families facing dispute and conflict. I have an MA in relationship counselling. I am based in easy reach of Hampstead, Golders Green, Primrose Hill and Belsize Park.
020 8138 8395 View 020 8138 8395
Photo of Dr Natalie Scheiner, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Natalie Scheiner
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
London NW11
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges, struggling to navigate through difficult emotions and find clarity in your thoughts? Rest assured, you're not alone. There is hope for a brighter tomorrow, and I'm here to guide you on that journey. Picture a life where you feel empowered to confront your fears, heal from past wounds, and embrace a future filled with possibilities. Through our shared reflection, you'll gain insight and discover your inner strength. Together, we'll create a safe space for exploration. With compassionate guidance, I'm committed to helping you find peace and contentment.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges, struggling to navigate through difficult emotions and find clarity in your thoughts? Rest assured, you're not alone. There is hope for a brighter tomorrow, and I'm here to guide you on that journey. Picture a life where you feel empowered to confront your fears, heal from past wounds, and embrace a future filled with possibilities. Through our shared reflection, you'll gain insight and discover your inner strength. Together, we'll create a safe space for exploration. With compassionate guidance, I'm committed to helping you find peace and contentment.
020 3838 0573 View 020 3838 0573
Photo of Mark Goodwin, Counsellor, MBACP
Mark Goodwin
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
London NW11
I help people to feel better about themselves and empowered to make positive changes to their lives. Being truly heard (perhaps for the first time) by someone who will never judge, dictate to, or betray you, can be a profoundly healing experience. With growing trust and commitment, negative thoughts and feelings can be explored, understood and overcome. Regrets about the past and fears for the future can be replaced by fulfilment in the present.
I help people to feel better about themselves and empowered to make positive changes to their lives. Being truly heard (perhaps for the first time) by someone who will never judge, dictate to, or betray you, can be a profoundly healing experience. With growing trust and commitment, negative thoughts and feelings can be explored, understood and overcome. Regrets about the past and fears for the future can be replaced by fulfilment in the present.
020 3856 8408 View 020 3856 8408
Photo of Graham Allen, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP Accred
Graham Allen
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP Accred
London NW11
I focus on anxiety, depression, loneliness in big cities and relationships. I have a background in sport and music and have 16 years post qualification experience. We heal through relating which is ever more important in our very digital world. I offer a productive, connective time focussing on your issues. I pride myself on attunement to you for each session. As well as a private practice in Golders Green I work as a Student Counsellor.
I focus on anxiety, depression, loneliness in big cities and relationships. I have a background in sport and music and have 16 years post qualification experience. We heal through relating which is ever more important in our very digital world. I offer a productive, connective time focussing on your issues. I pride myself on attunement to you for each session. As well as a private practice in Golders Green I work as a Student Counsellor.
07961 932604 View 07961 932604
Photo of Javaneh Pirzadamoli, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Javaneh Pirzadamoli
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
London NW11
Hi, I’m Javaneh — a child, adolescent, and young adult psychotherapist. I support clients with a range of difficulties, including various forms of anxiety (health anxiety, social anxiety, panic) self harm, low self-esteem, and trauma. My approach is warm and relational. I believe in creating a safe, containing space where my clients can make sense of their difficult feelings and begin to feel more connected to themselves. With over 10 years of experience working across schools, therapy organisations, and private practice, I bring both depth of training and an understanding of the real-life challenges young people face.
Hi, I’m Javaneh — a child, adolescent, and young adult psychotherapist. I support clients with a range of difficulties, including various forms of anxiety (health anxiety, social anxiety, panic) self harm, low self-esteem, and trauma. My approach is warm and relational. I believe in creating a safe, containing space where my clients can make sense of their difficult feelings and begin to feel more connected to themselves. With over 10 years of experience working across schools, therapy organisations, and private practice, I bring both depth of training and an understanding of the real-life challenges young people face.
020 3988 4300 View 020 3988 4300

See more therapy options for NW11

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in NW11

100+

Average cost per session

£82

Counsellors in NW11 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
84% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
80% Stress
70% Bereavement
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% AXA PPP
62% Aviva
58% Vitality

How Counsellors in NW11 see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in NW11?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.