Counselling in NG9

Photo of Jenny Dean, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Jenny Dean
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Hand In Hand Counselling & Hypnotherapy
 Starting therapy can feel overwhelming—but reaching out is the first step toward positive change. Hand In Hand provide a warm, welcoming, and confidential space where people of all ages can feel safe, heard, and understood. I specialise in supporting young people, adults, and families, helping teenagers navigate challenges, supporting adults through life’s difficulties, and empowering parents with the tools and confidence to support their children. Whether you’re facing anxiety, stress, behavioural concerns, relationship
Hand In Hand Counselling & Hypnotherapy
 Starting therapy can feel overwhelming—but reaching out is the first step toward positive change. Hand In Hand provide a warm, welcoming, and confidential space where people of all ages can feel safe, heard, and understood. I specialise in supporting young people, adults, and families, helping teenagers navigate challenges, supporting adults through life’s difficulties, and empowering parents with the tools and confidence to support their children. Whether you’re facing anxiety, stress, behavioural concerns, relationship
0115 647 6189 View 0115 647 6189
Photo of Chanel Hemley - Nottingham Counselling Therapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Nottingham Counselling Therapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed, or maybe you are going through some changes. Perhaps, you are experiencing longer-term issues or feel there’s no one for you to talk to. Regardless of your situation, our professionals at Nottingham Counselling & Therapy can help you to grow, heal and feel better.
Perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed, or maybe you are going through some changes. Perhaps, you are experiencing longer-term issues or feel there’s no one for you to talk to. Regardless of your situation, our professionals at Nottingham Counselling & Therapy can help you to grow, heal and feel better.
0115 647 8703 View 0115 647 8703
Photo of John James Nicol, Counsellor, MBACP
John James Nicol
Counsellor, MBACP
Working from private rooms in the Beeston / Chilwell NG9 area of Nottingham. Working with you on strategies to help you understand and manage the conditions impacting your life, whilst exploring the causes and together, finding solutions. I offer counselling to adults and adolescents ( 18 or over ) I also welcome students studying Counselling . I am listed on the University of Nottingham approved Counsellors for staff and students. I work online with international clients , the sessions are carried out under UK law and ethical framework regardless of the clients location.
Working from private rooms in the Beeston / Chilwell NG9 area of Nottingham. Working with you on strategies to help you understand and manage the conditions impacting your life, whilst exploring the causes and together, finding solutions. I offer counselling to adults and adolescents ( 18 or over ) I also welcome students studying Counselling . I am listed on the University of Nottingham approved Counsellors for staff and students. I work online with international clients , the sessions are carried out under UK law and ethical framework regardless of the clients location.
0115 697 1223 View 0115 697 1223
Photo of Martin Biddle, Counsellor, MSc, MUKCP
Martin Biddle
Counsellor, MSc, MUKCP
My name is Martin and I am a UKCP & BACP registered psychotherapist and trainee supervisor who has worked with adults, young people, couples, university students, families and many others who are experiencing anxiety, relationship issues, depression, trauma, bereavement and loss and concerns about anger management or emotional regulation. Maybe you are feeling stressed-out or anxious or are struggling at work, college or university, or you are overthinking, having panic attacks or relationship issues? Or you need some sexual health counselling or you are a couple who need some support? Talk with me in a safe non-judgemental space.
My name is Martin and I am a UKCP & BACP registered psychotherapist and trainee supervisor who has worked with adults, young people, couples, university students, families and many others who are experiencing anxiety, relationship issues, depression, trauma, bereavement and loss and concerns about anger management or emotional regulation. Maybe you are feeling stressed-out or anxious or are struggling at work, college or university, or you are overthinking, having panic attacks or relationship issues? Or you need some sexual health counselling or you are a couple who need some support? Talk with me in a safe non-judgemental space.
0115 697 1230 View 0115 697 1230
Photo of Elizabeth (Liz) de Rooy, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Elizabeth (Liz) de Rooy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Hello, Life can be tough and overwhelming at times, cant it? Especially when there can be so many changes and challenges in our lives. Do you need someone you can talk to who will really listen and can help you gain a better understanding of your thoughts and feelings and the difficult issues both past and present that you may be facing in your life, without fear of being judged? With a friendly and warm approach I am there to use my training and experience to support you.
Hello, Life can be tough and overwhelming at times, cant it? Especially when there can be so many changes and challenges in our lives. Do you need someone you can talk to who will really listen and can help you gain a better understanding of your thoughts and feelings and the difficult issues both past and present that you may be facing in your life, without fear of being judged? With a friendly and warm approach I am there to use my training and experience to support you.
0115 697 1188 View 0115 697 1188
Photo of Linda McConnachie, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Linda McConnachie
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Beeston NG9
I run a successful private practice in Beeston in Nottinghamshire and work relationally and empathically with people from all walks of life. I am a qualified Clinical Supervisor offering individual and group Supervision. If you’re facing distressing or traumatic experiences, I can support you explore your thoughts and feelings to make sense of what's going on and consider how things can change. I work on a short or longer term basis. I know that, sometimes, talking can be difficult; our unconscious thoughts get in the way of change and I’m able to offer body or creative therapeutic solutions as well.
I run a successful private practice in Beeston in Nottinghamshire and work relationally and empathically with people from all walks of life. I am a qualified Clinical Supervisor offering individual and group Supervision. If you’re facing distressing or traumatic experiences, I can support you explore your thoughts and feelings to make sense of what's going on and consider how things can change. I work on a short or longer term basis. I know that, sometimes, talking can be difficult; our unconscious thoughts get in the way of change and I’m able to offer body or creative therapeutic solutions as well.
0115 697 1078 View 0115 697 1078
Photo of Maja Likar - Kernels Art Therapy, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Kernels Art Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Hello, I’m Maja and I am an art therapist offering a supportive space for healing through creativity. I work with both children and adults experiencing emotional or mental health challenges, providing a safe and caring environment where difficult feelings can be explored and tended to with compassion. Whether we are experiencing ongoing issues or are trying to recover from a distressing event, or would just like to have the space and the support to explore an issue, accessing our imagination and engaging with art materials can provide a special type of healing and builds a bridge to all our pained parts of self.
Hello, I’m Maja and I am an art therapist offering a supportive space for healing through creativity. I work with both children and adults experiencing emotional or mental health challenges, providing a safe and caring environment where difficult feelings can be explored and tended to with compassion. Whether we are experiencing ongoing issues or are trying to recover from a distressing event, or would just like to have the space and the support to explore an issue, accessing our imagination and engaging with art materials can provide a special type of healing and builds a bridge to all our pained parts of self.
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Photo of Sara Badr-Andrews, Counsellor, BACP
Sara Badr-Andrews
Counsellor, BACP
I am based in Beeston, Nottingham. It easily accessible by car, bus and tram. Things can throw us off course and we can lose ourselves and need support through difficult times. It may just be that you need someone to talk to about what’s going on for you. I can help you by offering a warm and safe space where you will be fully listened to and can explore your emotional difficulties without judgement and at a pace that suits you.
I am based in Beeston, Nottingham. It easily accessible by car, bus and tram. Things can throw us off course and we can lose ourselves and need support through difficult times. It may just be that you need someone to talk to about what’s going on for you. I can help you by offering a warm and safe space where you will be fully listened to and can explore your emotional difficulties without judgement and at a pace that suits you.
0115 824 4112 View 0115 824 4112
Photo of Cheryl Morrissey, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Cheryl Morrissey
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Life can be tough at times, can make us feel undervalued, overwhelmed and maybe quite a lonely place to be. Therapy can help us understand ourselves a little better, value our uniqueness that makes us who we are. I strive to support that self awakening, to focus on rediscovery rather than changing who you are. I am passionate about ensuring neuro-divergent people can access therapy and adapt my ways of working to meet their needs. I ensure I complete regular CPD and have additional qualifications in Trauma focused CBT, Theraplay Level 1, Triple P Parenting course and trauma training via PODS specializing in DID.
Life can be tough at times, can make us feel undervalued, overwhelmed and maybe quite a lonely place to be. Therapy can help us understand ourselves a little better, value our uniqueness that makes us who we are. I strive to support that self awakening, to focus on rediscovery rather than changing who you are. I am passionate about ensuring neuro-divergent people can access therapy and adapt my ways of working to meet their needs. I ensure I complete regular CPD and have additional qualifications in Trauma focused CBT, Theraplay Level 1, Triple P Parenting course and trauma training via PODS specializing in DID.
0115 647 1880 View 0115 647 1880
Photo of Ellen Ehrhart - Harmony Couples Therapy, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Harmony Couples Therapy
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Welcome to Harmony Couples Therapy-my name is Ellen, I am an experienced Relate trained couples counsellor and relationship therapist with over 20 years experience. My working hours are Mon, Wed & Thurs afternoons and evenings, and I work in person in Nottingham. I also offer offer online sessions which can generally be more flexible. I regularly work with clients to help them make sense of a wide variety of issues such as managing conflict, separation/divorce, infidelity, bereavement, addiction, mental health issues, and I have specialist training in working with couples affected by neurodiversity/autism and depression/anxiety.
Welcome to Harmony Couples Therapy-my name is Ellen, I am an experienced Relate trained couples counsellor and relationship therapist with over 20 years experience. My working hours are Mon, Wed & Thurs afternoons and evenings, and I work in person in Nottingham. I also offer offer online sessions which can generally be more flexible. I regularly work with clients to help them make sense of a wide variety of issues such as managing conflict, separation/divorce, infidelity, bereavement, addiction, mental health issues, and I have specialist training in working with couples affected by neurodiversity/autism and depression/anxiety.
0115 647 4614 View 0115 647 4614
Photo of Hannah Martin, Counsellor, MBACP
Hannah Martin
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Life can be hard. Sometimes you may feel stuck, overwhelmed or simply just in need of some extra support. I offer a space that is free of judgement, friendly and empathic to help uncover and explore experiences and emotions that may be contributing to some of those occurrences in the present time. Whether it be an event in the present with which you feel the need for some added support as you work through it or if you're wanting to explore past experiences, we'll work at a pace set by you, in a boundaried and safe manner, offering either a short or long term counselling and psychotherapy service for you.
Life can be hard. Sometimes you may feel stuck, overwhelmed or simply just in need of some extra support. I offer a space that is free of judgement, friendly and empathic to help uncover and explore experiences and emotions that may be contributing to some of those occurrences in the present time. Whether it be an event in the present with which you feel the need for some added support as you work through it or if you're wanting to explore past experiences, we'll work at a pace set by you, in a boundaried and safe manner, offering either a short or long term counselling and psychotherapy service for you.
0115 647 3265 View 0115 647 3265
Photo of Andy Poxon, Counsellor, MBACP
Andy Poxon
Counsellor, MBACP
Beeston NG9
Hello, and thanks for taking the time to look at my page. My name is Andy and I'm a qualified therapist who works in a humanistic way to offer a non-judgemental service. Whatever your needs are, we can have a chat to give you an idea of whether you feel I will be able to meet them. Please feel free to call or message me, and if I can't answer straight away, I will get back to you promptly. We can discuss what you hope to achieve from therapy and why you feel now is the time to reach out. Sometimes only a few sessions are required by my clients, others may want help over a longer period; only you know what you want.
Hello, and thanks for taking the time to look at my page. My name is Andy and I'm a qualified therapist who works in a humanistic way to offer a non-judgemental service. Whatever your needs are, we can have a chat to give you an idea of whether you feel I will be able to meet them. Please feel free to call or message me, and if I can't answer straight away, I will get back to you promptly. We can discuss what you hope to achieve from therapy and why you feel now is the time to reach out. Sometimes only a few sessions are required by my clients, others may want help over a longer period; only you know what you want.
0115 647 8704 View 0115 647 8704
Photo of Chloe O’Connor - Psychotherapy with Chloe, Womens Trauma Specialist, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Psychotherapy with Chloe, Womens Trauma Specialist
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
1 Endorsed
I help women who have experienced birth trauma or perinatal difficulties, and I also specialise in supporting those facing anxiety, trauma and PTSD. I specialise in EMDR, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and Art Therapy, with over 11 years of experience in the NHS, charity, and private sectors. I offer tailored support that acknowledges and honours the complexity of women's experiences, fostering an environment of trust, healing, and empowerment. I am passionate about working exclusively with women, helping them understand and process the root causes of their struggles so they can tap into their inner strength and feel empowered.
I help women who have experienced birth trauma or perinatal difficulties, and I also specialise in supporting those facing anxiety, trauma and PTSD. I specialise in EMDR, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and Art Therapy, with over 11 years of experience in the NHS, charity, and private sectors. I offer tailored support that acknowledges and honours the complexity of women's experiences, fostering an environment of trust, healing, and empowerment. I am passionate about working exclusively with women, helping them understand and process the root causes of their struggles so they can tap into their inner strength and feel empowered.
0115 671 3687 View 0115 671 3687
Photo of Claudia Brooker Loubassa - Light Bubble Counselling, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Light Bubble Counselling
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Hello, I’m Claudia, a bilingual (English–French) pluralistic counsellor offering a calm, confidential, and supportive professional environment where you can be yourself. I support adults and couples experiencing anxiety, trauma, burnout, emotional distress, or relationship difficulties. My holistic, body–mind approach combines talking therapy with gentle emotional awareness to support meaningful and lasting change. Sessions are tailored to your needs and pace, with kindness, inclusivity, and respect at the heart of my work. I offer sessions in English and French, online across the UK and Europe, and in person in Nottingham area.
Hello, I’m Claudia, a bilingual (English–French) pluralistic counsellor offering a calm, confidential, and supportive professional environment where you can be yourself. I support adults and couples experiencing anxiety, trauma, burnout, emotional distress, or relationship difficulties. My holistic, body–mind approach combines talking therapy with gentle emotional awareness to support meaningful and lasting change. Sessions are tailored to your needs and pace, with kindness, inclusivity, and respect at the heart of my work. I offer sessions in English and French, online across the UK and Europe, and in person in Nottingham area.
01206 239169 View 01206 239169
Photo of Rachael Sherry, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Rachael Sherry
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
We all need extra support from time to time. For some people they have difficult or distressing thoughts and emotions, a stuck feeling may have developed over a period of time, or maybe a significant life experience may prompt the need to talk in therapy.
We all need extra support from time to time. For some people they have difficult or distressing thoughts and emotions, a stuck feeling may have developed over a period of time, or maybe a significant life experience may prompt the need to talk in therapy.
0115 647 6073 View 0115 647 6073
Photo of Dr Nadine Taylor, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Nadine Taylor
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Hi, thank you for visiting my profile. I am Dr Nadine Taylor, Consultant Clinical Psychologist and founder of Taylor Made for You Psychology, where treatment is as unique as the individual! With over 18 years of experience, I offer a warm and friendly space to facilitate mental health assessments, therapy, or provide consultation. Whether you are struggling with anxiety or mood disorders or problems in your relationship, I take a non-judgmental approach to helping clients overcome challenges and to build a brighter future.
Hi, thank you for visiting my profile. I am Dr Nadine Taylor, Consultant Clinical Psychologist and founder of Taylor Made for You Psychology, where treatment is as unique as the individual! With over 18 years of experience, I offer a warm and friendly space to facilitate mental health assessments, therapy, or provide consultation. Whether you are struggling with anxiety or mood disorders or problems in your relationship, I take a non-judgmental approach to helping clients overcome challenges and to build a brighter future.
0115 647 0714 View 0115 647 0714
Photo of Paloma McMullan, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Paloma McMullan
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Does it seem like others are coping better, enjoying more successful lives or more fulfilling relationships? I'm here to help. Level 7-qualified, I work at depth- engaging with underlying patterns and processes- to support your journey of self-discovery, healing and personal growth. In practice since 2015, I have supported a diverse range of clients. I work with individuals, not issues per se, hence- whether we were undertaking short or longer-term therapy- I would focus upon engaging with you as a whole person; multifaceted, with a unique history and a distinct way-of-being.
Does it seem like others are coping better, enjoying more successful lives or more fulfilling relationships? I'm here to help. Level 7-qualified, I work at depth- engaging with underlying patterns and processes- to support your journey of self-discovery, healing and personal growth. In practice since 2015, I have supported a diverse range of clients. I work with individuals, not issues per se, hence- whether we were undertaking short or longer-term therapy- I would focus upon engaging with you as a whole person; multifaceted, with a unique history and a distinct way-of-being.
0115 647 8311 View 0115 647 8311
Photo of Gordon Thomas, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Gordon Thomas
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
I work with my clients in a supportive, non-judgemental and relational manner. It is a privilege to listen to people’s problems and I believe in the power of therapy. I will listen to what you have to say and support you to a deeper understand of yourself and your life. I work with clients in a warm and friendly way. I have experience in student support in a university setting, and in grief and bereavement counselling. I also offer general, open-ended therapy.
I work with my clients in a supportive, non-judgemental and relational manner. It is a privilege to listen to people’s problems and I believe in the power of therapy. I will listen to what you have to say and support you to a deeper understand of yourself and your life. I work with clients in a warm and friendly way. I have experience in student support in a university setting, and in grief and bereavement counselling. I also offer general, open-ended therapy.
0115 647 8316 View 0115 647 8316
Photo of Ishrat Sultana, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Ishrat Sultana
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Whatever you are going through in life, therapy can bring you relief, peace and make a positive difference to your life. Therapy provides a “safe” space for you to talk without judgement or criticism. It also offers the opportunity for you to work through your difficulties and experiences from the past. This can help you cope with the struggles you are facing today and work through fears and anxieties about the future.
Whatever you are going through in life, therapy can bring you relief, peace and make a positive difference to your life. Therapy provides a “safe” space for you to talk without judgement or criticism. It also offers the opportunity for you to work through your difficulties and experiences from the past. This can help you cope with the struggles you are facing today and work through fears and anxieties about the future.
0115 697 1727 View 0115 697 1727
Photo of Caroline Webster, Psychotherapist, BACP
Caroline Webster
Psychotherapist, BACP
Hello, my name is Caroline. I'm a qualified psychotherapist and counsellor working in private practice in the Beeston and Long Eaton area, providing weekly face to face personal therapy. Are you struggling with day to day life, or have you lost a sense of who you are? Engaging in therapy can help you to understand yourself better and help you learn how to manage your emotions. I understand that reaching out for help may feel daunting, I too felt the same when I made a commitment to therapy years ago. Please be assured I will guide you through the process ensuring a supportive, calm and unique environment.
Hello, my name is Caroline. I'm a qualified psychotherapist and counsellor working in private practice in the Beeston and Long Eaton area, providing weekly face to face personal therapy. Are you struggling with day to day life, or have you lost a sense of who you are? Engaging in therapy can help you to understand yourself better and help you learn how to manage your emotions. I understand that reaching out for help may feel daunting, I too felt the same when I made a commitment to therapy years ago. Please be assured I will guide you through the process ensuring a supportive, calm and unique environment.
0115 697 2005 View 0115 697 2005

See more therapy options for NG9

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in NG9

70+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in NG9 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Self Esteem
87% Depression
86% Stress
81% Trauma and PTSD
76% Relationship Issues
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Bupa
57% AXA PPP
50% Aviva

How Counsellors in NG9 see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
19% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in NG9?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.