Counselling in NG11

Photo of Leena Alkhabaz, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Leena Alkhabaz
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Making the decision to begin your therapeutic journey is a big step, and I am here to guide and support you with empathy, expertise, and a commitment to your wellbeing. My own healing journey began my passion for therapy, revealing the power of reflection in navigating life's challenges. I understand the importance of a safe, judgment-free space, and I am dedicated to creating a therapeutic relationship that empowers positive change in your life.
Making the decision to begin your therapeutic journey is a big step, and I am here to guide and support you with empathy, expertise, and a commitment to your wellbeing. My own healing journey began my passion for therapy, revealing the power of reflection in navigating life's challenges. I understand the importance of a safe, judgment-free space, and I am dedicated to creating a therapeutic relationship that empowers positive change in your life.
0115 647 9351 View 0115 647 9351
Photo of Dawn Lobley, Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Dawn Lobley
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Hello I'm Dawn. You may be grappling with a specific issue, feeling low, anxious or emotionally stuck; perhaps sensing that something deeper needs attention, including help with unprocessed experiences that have had a lasting impact on you. I offer a commitment to work together to explore what’s emerging at your pace. I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches to best support your individual circumstances. I offer a confidential, gentle and reflective space in which you can foster insight and resilience through curiosity and compassion.
Hello I'm Dawn. You may be grappling with a specific issue, feeling low, anxious or emotionally stuck; perhaps sensing that something deeper needs attention, including help with unprocessed experiences that have had a lasting impact on you. I offer a commitment to work together to explore what’s emerging at your pace. I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches to best support your individual circumstances. I offer a confidential, gentle and reflective space in which you can foster insight and resilience through curiosity and compassion.
0115 647 7625 View 0115 647 7625
Photo of Jo Newstead, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Jo Newstead
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
My name is Jo and I am a BACP accredited therapist and supervisor with over 11 years experience in practice. Using a blend of Person Centred and Solution Focused therapy I can offer short term solution focused therapy (6-8 sessions) and longer term if there are perhaps multiple issues to address. I came into counselling following a difficult period in my own life and felt that I wanted to give something back by helping others who may find themselves struggling in life.
My name is Jo and I am a BACP accredited therapist and supervisor with over 11 years experience in practice. Using a blend of Person Centred and Solution Focused therapy I can offer short term solution focused therapy (6-8 sessions) and longer term if there are perhaps multiple issues to address. I came into counselling following a difficult period in my own life and felt that I wanted to give something back by helping others who may find themselves struggling in life.
0115 824 4772 View 0115 824 4772
Photo of Maggie Hall, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Maggie Hall
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
I am an Integrative psychotherapist which means I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches to best support each individual. I work in a neuro-affirming way, recognising and respecting neurodivergence - particularly ADHD and Autism - not as deficits or disorders to be 'fixed', but as valid and valuable ways of being. My focus is on creating a supportive space where clients can explore the life issues that matter to them - whether that's relationships, identity, anxiety, burnout or navigating a world that often isn't designed with neuro-divergent minds in mind!
I am an Integrative psychotherapist which means I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches to best support each individual. I work in a neuro-affirming way, recognising and respecting neurodivergence - particularly ADHD and Autism - not as deficits or disorders to be 'fixed', but as valid and valuable ways of being. My focus is on creating a supportive space where clients can explore the life issues that matter to them - whether that's relationships, identity, anxiety, burnout or navigating a world that often isn't designed with neuro-divergent minds in mind!
0115 697 2054 View 0115 697 2054
Photo of Emily Lyon, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Emily Lyon
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Hello, I am Emily, a fully qualified children and young people’s counsellor and a registered member of the BACP, working with children and young people between the ages of 10-25 years old. I offer an emotionally safe and nurturing environment where you feel accepted and listened to without judgment. I have seen my counselling has provided children and young people develop a deeper understanding of themselves and has supported them in navigating and overcoming challenging experiences, thoughts, and feelings.
Hello, I am Emily, a fully qualified children and young people’s counsellor and a registered member of the BACP, working with children and young people between the ages of 10-25 years old. I offer an emotionally safe and nurturing environment where you feel accepted and listened to without judgment. I have seen my counselling has provided children and young people develop a deeper understanding of themselves and has supported them in navigating and overcoming challenging experiences, thoughts, and feelings.
0115 647 4273 View 0115 647 4273
Photo of Laura J Marler, Counsellor, MBACP
Laura J Marler
Counsellor, MBACP
As a registered Person-Centered Counsellor, member of the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy). I am UK Counselling and Psychotherapy Central Awarding Body trained and qualified. I have gained many years of experience working with individuals seeking a way forward. I also currently work with a local non-profit counseling charity, with clients seeking to experience some resolve and clarity amidst the noise and confusion. That which you bring to the therapeutic relationship with me will be unique and individual to you.
As a registered Person-Centered Counsellor, member of the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy). I am UK Counselling and Psychotherapy Central Awarding Body trained and qualified. I have gained many years of experience working with individuals seeking a way forward. I also currently work with a local non-profit counseling charity, with clients seeking to experience some resolve and clarity amidst the noise and confusion. That which you bring to the therapeutic relationship with me will be unique and individual to you.
0115 647 2149 View 0115 647 2149
Photo of Emma Spencer - Emma Spencer Therapy
Emma Spencer Therapy
Verified Verified
As an Interpersonal Therapist, I have worked with people who, because of a relationship, have slowly lost confidence, have increasingly began to doubt their worth, found themselves second-guessing every decision, and gradually become shadows of their former selves. If we continuously feel unheard, invalidated, or unloved, it creates profound internal turmoil, shaping our beliefs about who we are and what we deserve. It is this circumstance that is the cause of symptoms like depression, low self esteem and other self sabotaging actions. I can help you rebuild self-worth, identify harmful patterns, and develop healthy relationships.
As an Interpersonal Therapist, I have worked with people who, because of a relationship, have slowly lost confidence, have increasingly began to doubt their worth, found themselves second-guessing every decision, and gradually become shadows of their former selves. If we continuously feel unheard, invalidated, or unloved, it creates profound internal turmoil, shaping our beliefs about who we are and what we deserve. It is this circumstance that is the cause of symptoms like depression, low self esteem and other self sabotaging actions. I can help you rebuild self-worth, identify harmful patterns, and develop healthy relationships.
0115 647 7236 View 0115 647 7236
Photo of Dr Ioanna Karaoulani, Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
Dr Ioanna Karaoulani
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
I work with a person-centered, problem-solving, dialectical, compassion-focused, and Aristotelian approach. It combines theoretical concepts that include improving communication, positive thinking, learning ways to cope with stress, prioritizing, setting boundaries, and setting specific goals.
I work with a person-centered, problem-solving, dialectical, compassion-focused, and Aristotelian approach. It combines theoretical concepts that include improving communication, positive thinking, learning ways to cope with stress, prioritizing, setting boundaries, and setting specific goals.
01777 802501 View 01777 802501
Photo of Joanne Stone - Jo Elizabeth Therapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Jo Elizabeth Therapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Many people come to therapy because life feels overwhelming and no longer sustainable. You may look like you’re coping, but inside you feel stressed, tired and overwhelmed. Worry, self-criticism, loss of confidence and other symptoms may be leaving you stuck in survival mode, leaving you feeling unsure where to begin or how to move forward, to recover your identity, purpose and self-worth. Trauma and stressful events can affect how you think, feel, and relate to the world. With compassionate, evidence-based therapy, recovery is possible. I work at your pace to help reduce distress, rebuild safety, and support lasting change.
Many people come to therapy because life feels overwhelming and no longer sustainable. You may look like you’re coping, but inside you feel stressed, tired and overwhelmed. Worry, self-criticism, loss of confidence and other symptoms may be leaving you stuck in survival mode, leaving you feeling unsure where to begin or how to move forward, to recover your identity, purpose and self-worth. Trauma and stressful events can affect how you think, feel, and relate to the world. With compassionate, evidence-based therapy, recovery is possible. I work at your pace to help reduce distress, rebuild safety, and support lasting change.
01332 529828 View 01332 529828
Photo of Rebecca Papp - Anxiety Tame CBT, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Anxiety Tame CBT
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Serves Area
Hi. I'm an experienced CBT psychotherapist, working face to face and online with: OCD, panic, general anxiety, phobia, trauma, procrastination, health anxiety and sleep problems. Having developed coping strategies and changing the way I engage with my own anxious thoughts, I made the decision to train and help other people do the same. I wish I’d known about CBT when I was in my 20s! I have worked in private practice for 7 years and trained and worked previously with the NHS. I have Acceptance and Commitment Therapy training and attend regular workshops in all areas to keep my practice up to date.
Hi. I'm an experienced CBT psychotherapist, working face to face and online with: OCD, panic, general anxiety, phobia, trauma, procrastination, health anxiety and sleep problems. Having developed coping strategies and changing the way I engage with my own anxious thoughts, I made the decision to train and help other people do the same. I wish I’d known about CBT when I was in my 20s! I have worked in private practice for 7 years and trained and worked previously with the NHS. I have Acceptance and Commitment Therapy training and attend regular workshops in all areas to keep my practice up to date.
01509 273791 View 01509 273791
Photo of Amy Gethings, Counsellor, MUKCP
Amy Gethings
Counsellor, MUKCP
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello! Thank you for being here. I'm Amy and I have over 15yrs experience working with people in the caring professions (e.g. NHS, social care), supporting the homeless, victim/survivors of abuse (including domestic violence and sexual abuse), and I now run my own thriving private practice. I am passionate about providing psychotherapeutic support to a diverse client group. As a relational therapist, my aim is to provide a warm and real relationship in which I attune to you and your emotional needs. Together we'll cultivate your self-insight, & try to make sense of what's happened to help you move forward.
Hello! Thank you for being here. I'm Amy and I have over 15yrs experience working with people in the caring professions (e.g. NHS, social care), supporting the homeless, victim/survivors of abuse (including domestic violence and sexual abuse), and I now run my own thriving private practice. I am passionate about providing psychotherapeutic support to a diverse client group. As a relational therapist, my aim is to provide a warm and real relationship in which I attune to you and your emotional needs. Together we'll cultivate your self-insight, & try to make sense of what's happened to help you move forward.
01777 802572 View 01777 802572
Photo of Mark Halbert, Counsellor, BACP
Mark Halbert
Counsellor, BACP
Serves Area
I work with people who are ready for meaningful, lasting, positive change. If you feel stuck, anxious, or frustrated with where your life is heading, I understand how heavy that is. Together, we’ll explore what’s keeping you there, the thoughts, beliefs, habits, and patterns operating beneath the surface, and begin shifting them in a grounded, practical way. I combine evidence-based Counselling, Life Coaching, and Psychological techniques in a calm, present, and supportive space, helping you build confidence, emotional balance, and resilience so you can move forward with clarity, purpose, and a renewed self-belief and confidence
I work with people who are ready for meaningful, lasting, positive change. If you feel stuck, anxious, or frustrated with where your life is heading, I understand how heavy that is. Together, we’ll explore what’s keeping you there, the thoughts, beliefs, habits, and patterns operating beneath the surface, and begin shifting them in a grounded, practical way. I combine evidence-based Counselling, Life Coaching, and Psychological techniques in a calm, present, and supportive space, helping you build confidence, emotional balance, and resilience so you can move forward with clarity, purpose, and a renewed self-belief and confidence
01777 801835 View 01777 801835
Photo of Keith Robert Norman, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Keith Robert Norman
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Sometimes it feels like everyone says that men have it easy. If that’s so, then why are three quarters of all suicides men? We've been taught to tough it out and to go it alone, and that it’s weak to ask for help when things get on top of us – even if there is someone we can turn to. I work with the issues around the difficulty of being male in a society that creates unrealistic and often contradictory ideals of masculinity that are impossible to live up to, and stops men connecting meaningfully with themselves and others.
Sometimes it feels like everyone says that men have it easy. If that’s so, then why are three quarters of all suicides men? We've been taught to tough it out and to go it alone, and that it’s weak to ask for help when things get on top of us – even if there is someone we can turn to. I work with the issues around the difficulty of being male in a society that creates unrealistic and often contradictory ideals of masculinity that are impossible to live up to, and stops men connecting meaningfully with themselves and others.
0115 697 1785 View 0115 697 1785
Photo of Dr Karima Williams, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Karima Williams
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
If you are struggling with overwhelming anxiety, feeling low or lost, finding it difficult to forget the past, or unsure of who you are or what you want to do with your life then I may be able to help. I'm a clinical psychologist with years of experience in working with adults with complex difficulties. I draw on a range of models and work "integratively", which means I adapt evidence-based interventions to meet your specific goals and needs. I always ensure therapy is a collaborative experience. My clients say I am easy to talk to, and therapy sessions often include laughter as well as tears.
If you are struggling with overwhelming anxiety, feeling low or lost, finding it difficult to forget the past, or unsure of who you are or what you want to do with your life then I may be able to help. I'm a clinical psychologist with years of experience in working with adults with complex difficulties. I draw on a range of models and work "integratively", which means I adapt evidence-based interventions to meet your specific goals and needs. I always ensure therapy is a collaborative experience. My clients say I am easy to talk to, and therapy sessions often include laughter as well as tears.
0115 647 8836 View 0115 647 8836
Photo of Andrew Harvey - Addictions Counselling & Therapy Nottingham, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Addictions Counselling & Therapy Nottingham
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
7 Endorsed
Serves Area
I offer private, confidential and effective therapy to clients struggling with compulsions and/or addictions, either using a secure online therapy platform or in person at my professional consulting rooms in Nottingham. I offer a discrete and professional service individually tailored to you, to help you make changes. My background includes working in residential rehabs for The Priory and NHS services. When it comes to addiction / compulsive behaviours, some clients might be seeking to gain control again, and others to stop completely. I aim to help clients find and achieve the best way forward for themselves.
I offer private, confidential and effective therapy to clients struggling with compulsions and/or addictions, either using a secure online therapy platform or in person at my professional consulting rooms in Nottingham. I offer a discrete and professional service individually tailored to you, to help you make changes. My background includes working in residential rehabs for The Priory and NHS services. When it comes to addiction / compulsive behaviours, some clients might be seeking to gain control again, and others to stop completely. I aim to help clients find and achieve the best way forward for themselves.
0115 697 2334 View 0115 697 2334
Catherine Reading
Psychologist, CPsychol
Serves Area
Many of my clients have previously seen a lot of mental health professionals and are still struggling to cope with their ongoing psychologically symptoms. They have never dared hope that a “normal” life is possible without having to be constrained by the constant chatter in their head. They have put up with many toxic relationships work issues and family issues all in the belief that this is as good as it gets for them. To be able to be in control and manage their psychological symptoms in all situations is the goal of most of my patients which enables them to lead their best life.
Many of my clients have previously seen a lot of mental health professionals and are still struggling to cope with their ongoing psychologically symptoms. They have never dared hope that a “normal” life is possible without having to be constrained by the constant chatter in their head. They have put up with many toxic relationships work issues and family issues all in the belief that this is as good as it gets for them. To be able to be in control and manage their psychological symptoms in all situations is the goal of most of my patients which enables them to lead their best life.
01327 229065 View 01327 229065
Photo of Grace-Anne Sharpe-Young, Psychotherapist, MSc, PNCPS Acc.
Grace-Anne Sharpe-Young
Psychotherapist, MSc, PNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
Thank you for visiting my profile. I offer both long‑term psychotherapy and flexible single sessions. This gives you the choice to work in a way that feels right for you. You may be looking for long‑term therapy to explore past or present experiences, trauma, childhood wounds, or long‑standing behavioural patterns, or you may prefer ad‑hoc sessions to explore your concerns, feelings, or decisions you are navigating. If you are facing emotional challenges, relationship difficulties, or feeling overwhelmed or anxious, we can work together to make sense of what you are experiencing, at a pace that feels right for you.
Thank you for visiting my profile. I offer both long‑term psychotherapy and flexible single sessions. This gives you the choice to work in a way that feels right for you. You may be looking for long‑term therapy to explore past or present experiences, trauma, childhood wounds, or long‑standing behavioural patterns, or you may prefer ad‑hoc sessions to explore your concerns, feelings, or decisions you are navigating. If you are facing emotional challenges, relationship difficulties, or feeling overwhelmed or anxious, we can work together to make sense of what you are experiencing, at a pace that feels right for you.
01509 323260 View 01509 323260
Photo of Edwina Jackson, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Edwina Jackson
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Serves Area
I’m here for when you just want to talk to someone who listens without judgement. No problem, worry or issue is too large for me, you only need to take that first scary step in telephoning, texting or emailing me. Whether you are feeling anxious or depressed, worried about something or someone, angry, sad or suicidal, talking can help.
I’m here for when you just want to talk to someone who listens without judgement. No problem, worry or issue is too large for me, you only need to take that first scary step in telephoning, texting or emailing me. Whether you are feeling anxious or depressed, worried about something or someone, angry, sad or suicidal, talking can help.
01509 273792 View 01509 273792
Photo of Darran Flowers, Counsellor, MBACP
Darran Flowers
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling low, empty, worried or sad, and searching for confidential support? You may be struggling within your relationships, finding it challenging to manage a new situation, or grieving the loss of an important person in your life. You may be feeling confused and alone in your problems; unable to share with others some of the thoughts and feelings that you’re having, due to feeling that you may be criticised, ridiculed or misunderstood. Taking some time out to explore your thoughts and feelings relating to your past or present, and to develop strategies for moving your life forward could be of long-term benefit to you.
Are you feeling low, empty, worried or sad, and searching for confidential support? You may be struggling within your relationships, finding it challenging to manage a new situation, or grieving the loss of an important person in your life. You may be feeling confused and alone in your problems; unable to share with others some of the thoughts and feelings that you’re having, due to feeling that you may be criticised, ridiculed or misunderstood. Taking some time out to explore your thoughts and feelings relating to your past or present, and to develop strategies for moving your life forward could be of long-term benefit to you.
07990 688678 View 07990 688678
Photo of Sharon Turner - Sharon Turner MBACP, MNCS (accred), Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Sharon Turner MBACP, MNCS (accred)
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life brings many challenges. You may be experiencing a range of issues; struggling to understand or come to terms with issues such as health, loss, trauma or family issues which can lead to uncomfortable feelings. Sometimes issues are complex and interlink into many areas of our lives creating anxiety, stress, depressed or grief. I have experience working with all these and the different ways they affect clients. Are difficult feelings affecting work, social and home life? Impacting on health or self esteem and self worth?
Life brings many challenges. You may be experiencing a range of issues; struggling to understand or come to terms with issues such as health, loss, trauma or family issues which can lead to uncomfortable feelings. Sometimes issues are complex and interlink into many areas of our lives creating anxiety, stress, depressed or grief. I have experience working with all these and the different ways they affect clients. Are difficult feelings affecting work, social and home life? Impacting on health or self esteem and self worth?
0115 697 2119 View 0115 697 2119

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in NG11

40+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in NG11 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
93% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
80% Self Esteem
80% Stress
71% Bereavement
71% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Bupa
67% Aviva
67% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in NG11 see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in NG11?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.