Counselling in Worthing

Photo of Andrea Hughes, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Andrea Hughes
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN12  (Online Only)
Whatever you are struggling with, my approach here is professional, confidential, safe and non-judgemental, offering you an impartial space to freely discuss your presenting issues. Making the first step is often the biggest one! Investing in yourself is a powerful tool. Thank you for visiting my profile.
Whatever you are struggling with, my approach here is professional, confidential, safe and non-judgemental, offering you an impartial space to freely discuss your presenting issues. Making the first step is often the biggest one! Investing in yourself is a powerful tool. Thank you for visiting my profile.
01903 952218 View 01903 952218
Photo of Susanne Barthelmes, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Susanne Barthelmes
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11
I offer in-person, online and phone counselling in a warm, non-judgemental, and accepting atmosphere, where you can explore what’s going on, and find your way forward. At some stage in our lives we may hit a low point or crisis. Depression, anxiety, traumatic experiences, separation, bereavement, illness, self-esteem, relationship, identity, and work-related issues, or other profound life challenges can leave us feeling sad, distraught, helpless, or hopeless. Counselling offers you confidential and safe space to talk. Meet me for a free initial 30min chat before deciding. Note: I don't work with couples or children.
I offer in-person, online and phone counselling in a warm, non-judgemental, and accepting atmosphere, where you can explore what’s going on, and find your way forward. At some stage in our lives we may hit a low point or crisis. Depression, anxiety, traumatic experiences, separation, bereavement, illness, self-esteem, relationship, identity, and work-related issues, or other profound life challenges can leave us feeling sad, distraught, helpless, or hopeless. Counselling offers you confidential and safe space to talk. Meet me for a free initial 30min chat before deciding. Note: I don't work with couples or children.
01903 924267 View 01903 924267
Photo of templemancounselling, Counsellor in Worthing, England
templemancounselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11
Is Anxiety getting in the way of your life? Does any of the following sound familiar? You are very self-critical, You usually imagine the worst case scenario, You overthink decisions, You find negative feedback very hard to handle, You replay your interactions repeatedly. If your answer is yes, you are probably are experiencing anxiety to some degree.
Is Anxiety getting in the way of your life? Does any of the following sound familiar? You are very self-critical, You usually imagine the worst case scenario, You overthink decisions, You find negative feedback very hard to handle, You replay your interactions repeatedly. If your answer is yes, you are probably are experiencing anxiety to some degree.
01903 952226 View 01903 952226
Photo of Viviane Hill, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Viviane Hill
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN12
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, stuck ? Not quite yourself ? Perhaps you’re struggling with unexpected changes… difficulties in your relationship, the loss of a loved one, health problems? Or maybe you are wanting to move on from a situation that's holding you back, recover from a hurt or disappointment or regain your sense of self and what to do with your life? Whatever our age or circumstances, there are times when we could all use some support to light our way forward and to develop a deeper understanding of ourselves and our current situation.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, stuck ? Not quite yourself ? Perhaps you’re struggling with unexpected changes… difficulties in your relationship, the loss of a loved one, health problems? Or maybe you are wanting to move on from a situation that's holding you back, recover from a hurt or disappointment or regain your sense of self and what to do with your life? Whatever our age or circumstances, there are times when we could all use some support to light our way forward and to develop a deeper understanding of ourselves and our current situation.
01903 684002 View 01903 684002
Photo of Clay Counselling, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Clay Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN14
People seek counselling for many different reasons. You may feel stuck in life, work, relationships or loss. Or struggling with depression, anxiety, low mood or low self-esteem. Many seeking counselling have experienced trauma in their past that is affecting the quality of their life now. Or perhaps someone has reached a time in their life when they seek self-development and psychological growth. Whatever your individual reason for seeking counselling, Clay Counselling offers you a safe, non-judgemental space to talk through your problems and move towards positive change, growth and acceptance.
People seek counselling for many different reasons. You may feel stuck in life, work, relationships or loss. Or struggling with depression, anxiety, low mood or low self-esteem. Many seeking counselling have experienced trauma in their past that is affecting the quality of their life now. Or perhaps someone has reached a time in their life when they seek self-development and psychological growth. Whatever your individual reason for seeking counselling, Clay Counselling offers you a safe, non-judgemental space to talk through your problems and move towards positive change, growth and acceptance.
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Photo of Lyn Lainchbury, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Lyn Lainchbury
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11
At times, we all need help to reach our full potential. Working together in a supportive and confidential space, without fear of judgement, empowers you to cope with life’s challenges, and achieve acceptance and meaningful and lasting changes.
At times, we all need help to reach our full potential. Working together in a supportive and confidential space, without fear of judgement, empowers you to cope with life’s challenges, and achieve acceptance and meaningful and lasting changes.
01903 497438 View 01903 497438
Photo of Karolina Soukupova, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Karolina Soukupova
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN13  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Karolina, I am a Humanistic counsellor and therapist. I know sometimes life can feel daunting, challenging, or overwhelming. You might feel anxious, depressed, or stuck. You don't have to face these challenges alone. I strive to create a welcoming, warm, and safe space, where we can explore your thoughts and feelings together. My therapeutic style is centred around compassion, respect and empathy, and I value working collaboratively to support your growth and healing.
Hi, my name is Karolina, I am a Humanistic counsellor and therapist. I know sometimes life can feel daunting, challenging, or overwhelming. You might feel anxious, depressed, or stuck. You don't have to face these challenges alone. I strive to create a welcoming, warm, and safe space, where we can explore your thoughts and feelings together. My therapeutic style is centred around compassion, respect and empathy, and I value working collaboratively to support your growth and healing.
07742 701745 View 07742 701745
Photo of Mandy Randall-Gavin, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Mandy Randall-Gavin
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN12
Do you need support emotionally? Are you feeling low or anxious? Maybe you're bereaved? Maybe you're struggling with relationships, at work or at home? I can help you. I believe everyone can choose to live their lives and relationships in a positive and fulfilled way. I am a qualified Counsellor in TA Practice, with many years of client experience. I'm here, I'm listening. Please contact me to arrange an initial meeting session to find out if we can work together.
Do you need support emotionally? Are you feeling low or anxious? Maybe you're bereaved? Maybe you're struggling with relationships, at work or at home? I can help you. I believe everyone can choose to live their lives and relationships in a positive and fulfilled way. I am a qualified Counsellor in TA Practice, with many years of client experience. I'm here, I'm listening. Please contact me to arrange an initial meeting session to find out if we can work together.
01903 924224 View 01903 924224
Photo of Dr Emma Peskett, Psychologist in Worthing, England
Dr Emma Peskett
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11
Hi I’m Emma, a HCPC registered clinical psychologist with experience of working with children, young people and adults. I have training and experience in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and compassion-focused therapy (CFT). I work in an integrative way and tailor my approach to your unique needs and preferences, working collaboratively with you to help you move towards the life that you want. I am passionate about helping my clients develop healthy coping mechanisms, build self-compassion and overcome their mental health challenges.
Hi I’m Emma, a HCPC registered clinical psychologist with experience of working with children, young people and adults. I have training and experience in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and compassion-focused therapy (CFT). I work in an integrative way and tailor my approach to your unique needs and preferences, working collaboratively with you to help you move towards the life that you want. I am passionate about helping my clients develop healthy coping mechanisms, build self-compassion and overcome their mental health challenges.
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Photo of Stephanie Edwards, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Stephanie Edwards
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN14
Hi, I'm Steph. Accessing counselling is not always easy and yet you have made it here. Welcome and thank you for taking the time to read my profile. You may be seeking counselling due to stress, anxiety, depression, perhaps you feel a little lost or out of sorts. You could be seeking counselling for self-discovery or a desire to explore who you are. The reasons are endless and so unique to you as an individual. Therefore, I offer an initial phone call so we can determine what you'd like to get from counselling and whether I'm best suited to support you with this.
Hi, I'm Steph. Accessing counselling is not always easy and yet you have made it here. Welcome and thank you for taking the time to read my profile. You may be seeking counselling due to stress, anxiety, depression, perhaps you feel a little lost or out of sorts. You could be seeking counselling for self-discovery or a desire to explore who you are. The reasons are endless and so unique to you as an individual. Therefore, I offer an initial phone call so we can determine what you'd like to get from counselling and whether I'm best suited to support you with this.
01903 947257 View 01903 947257
Photo of Deon Whittaker Broadwater Counselling in Worthing, England
Deon Whittaker Broadwater Counselling
Verified Verified
Worthing BN14
We all struggle at times and sometimes it feels too much for us. Suffering reaches us in so many guises and we all react in our own way. Reaching out for professional help is an important step in working towards the changes that you want. Whether the past is holding you back, the future fills you with anxiety or you are struggling with the 'here and now' I would like to offer my help. There is only so much we can manage alone and sometime our closest relationships are too close to help us see more clearly, to make sense of our confusion and provide a safe place to explore who we really are. That's why I'm here - to help you.
We all struggle at times and sometimes it feels too much for us. Suffering reaches us in so many guises and we all react in our own way. Reaching out for professional help is an important step in working towards the changes that you want. Whether the past is holding you back, the future fills you with anxiety or you are struggling with the 'here and now' I would like to offer my help. There is only so much we can manage alone and sometime our closest relationships are too close to help us see more clearly, to make sense of our confusion and provide a safe place to explore who we really are. That's why I'm here - to help you.
01903 924248 View 01903 924248
Photo of Vivienne Goffe, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Vivienne Goffe
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN13  (Online Only)
Life can be very demanding and challenging at times and dealing with issues on your own can feel overwhelming. You may be experiencing anxiety, depression, a bereavement, a traumatic experience, redundancy, or other emotional issues. Let me help you explore these complexities in a space free from judgement, where trust is quickly established and an ability to work collaboratively is viable. I can help you face and work through these negative emotions and support you in making changes.
Life can be very demanding and challenging at times and dealing with issues on your own can feel overwhelming. You may be experiencing anxiety, depression, a bereavement, a traumatic experience, redundancy, or other emotional issues. Let me help you explore these complexities in a space free from judgement, where trust is quickly established and an ability to work collaboratively is viable. I can help you face and work through these negative emotions and support you in making changes.
01903 944871 View 01903 944871
Photo of Stepping Stones Counselling and Psychotherapy Ltd, Psychotherapist in Worthing, England
Stepping Stones Counselling and Psychotherapy Ltd
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11
Stepping Stones was founded in 2017 by Rebekah, who has over 25 years of experience in working with people experiencing mental health difficulties within the NHS, initially as a Registered Nurse and later as a Psychotherapist, seeing people from a wide variety of contexts and with a mix of different issues and challenges. The team has grown significantly over the years and is now a well renowned service which is a recognised training placement for Counsellors. As a low-cost service, clients are mainly seen by carefully selected Placement Counsellors who are working under the supervision of In-House Supervisors.
Stepping Stones was founded in 2017 by Rebekah, who has over 25 years of experience in working with people experiencing mental health difficulties within the NHS, initially as a Registered Nurse and later as a Psychotherapist, seeing people from a wide variety of contexts and with a mix of different issues and challenges. The team has grown significantly over the years and is now a well renowned service which is a recognised training placement for Counsellors. As a low-cost service, clients are mainly seen by carefully selected Placement Counsellors who are working under the supervision of In-House Supervisors.
01903 257364 View 01903 257364
Photo of Holly Austin, Psychotherapist in Worthing, England
Holly Austin
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Worthing BN13
Sometimes we need a safe and confidential space to begin to make sense of the world, to understand or learn more about ourselves and process our experiences. My approach is grounded in the belief that we all have the capacity to heal given an environment and support that feels attuned to the needs of the individual. Whether you are navigating difficult and persistent negative thoughts and experiences, feeling anxious, sad, overwhelmed, stuck, depressed or want to get to know yourself deeper. I offer a safe and confidential space to understand and learn more about yourself, process experiences and improve your relationships.
Sometimes we need a safe and confidential space to begin to make sense of the world, to understand or learn more about ourselves and process our experiences. My approach is grounded in the belief that we all have the capacity to heal given an environment and support that feels attuned to the needs of the individual. Whether you are navigating difficult and persistent negative thoughts and experiences, feeling anxious, sad, overwhelmed, stuck, depressed or want to get to know yourself deeper. I offer a safe and confidential space to understand and learn more about yourself, process experiences and improve your relationships.
01903 947213 View 01903 947213
Photo of Barbora Koblizkova, Psychotherapist in Worthing, England
Barbora Koblizkova
Psychotherapist, COSRT General
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11
I am here to help you understand and address the psychological, emotional, and interpersonal difficulties that bring sexual and intimacy issues. Areas of focus may include: Impact of sexual trauma, rape, sexual abuse or assault; anxiety around sexuality, relationships and intimacy; relationship and communication problems; sex – porn addictions; difficulties with arousal or orgasm (premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction); vaginismus, Endometriosis, Dyspareunia (pain during sex); Loss of desire; Working through the issues that come with a cancer diagnosis.
I am here to help you understand and address the psychological, emotional, and interpersonal difficulties that bring sexual and intimacy issues. Areas of focus may include: Impact of sexual trauma, rape, sexual abuse or assault; anxiety around sexuality, relationships and intimacy; relationship and communication problems; sex – porn addictions; difficulties with arousal or orgasm (premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction); vaginismus, Endometriosis, Dyspareunia (pain during sex); Loss of desire; Working through the issues that come with a cancer diagnosis.
01903 947066 View 01903 947066
Photo of Rae Yates, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Rae Yates
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Worthing BN12
I am a Queer Non-Binary / LGBTQIA+ Person-Centred Counsellor and Clinical Supervisor. I work with people with all kinds of issues, concerns and distress. I work with individual adults (18+) who are gay, bi, queer, trans, non-binary, cis, agender, intersex & sexuality/gender questioning. I also work with people who are neurodivergent, hear voices or have unusual beliefs /experiences, people in non-monogamous or poly relationships, people labelled with PTSD, schizophrenia or a personality disorder.
I am a Queer Non-Binary / LGBTQIA+ Person-Centred Counsellor and Clinical Supervisor. I work with people with all kinds of issues, concerns and distress. I work with individual adults (18+) who are gay, bi, queer, trans, non-binary, cis, agender, intersex & sexuality/gender questioning. I also work with people who are neurodivergent, hear voices or have unusual beliefs /experiences, people in non-monogamous or poly relationships, people labelled with PTSD, schizophrenia or a personality disorder.
020 3879 4147 View 020 3879 4147
Photo of Chrysalis Therapy Services, Psychotherapist in Worthing, England
Chrysalis Therapy Services
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11  (Online Only)
Consider choosing me as your psychotherapist because of my extensive experience and contributions to the field. I played a pivotal role in integrating counselling models into traditional psychiatric settings during the Project 2000 New Nursing Training Syllabus initiative. In 2015, I earned my qualification in humanistic counselling from the University of Chichester. Furthermore, my involvement in commissioning teams to develop community mental health units during my tenure with the NHS showcases my commitment to improving mental health services. Currently, I am actively engaged in establishing nurse-led clinics in the NHS.
Consider choosing me as your psychotherapist because of my extensive experience and contributions to the field. I played a pivotal role in integrating counselling models into traditional psychiatric settings during the Project 2000 New Nursing Training Syllabus initiative. In 2015, I earned my qualification in humanistic counselling from the University of Chichester. Furthermore, my involvement in commissioning teams to develop community mental health units during my tenure with the NHS showcases my commitment to improving mental health services. Currently, I am actively engaged in establishing nurse-led clinics in the NHS.
01903 924210 View 01903 924210
Photo of Charlene at Coastal Counselling, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Charlene at Coastal Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN14
If you are feeling overwhelmed or unable to cope with your circumstances or feelings, for any reason or none, counselling can help you gain insight, clarity and understanding to find a sense of stability and calm. With this new perspective, you can start to build resilience for facing further struggles and difficulties that life inevitably brings. If you are an ex-pat, have experienced divorce, lone parenthood or a life-changing event or experience, I have a unique understanding of these issues.
If you are feeling overwhelmed or unable to cope with your circumstances or feelings, for any reason or none, counselling can help you gain insight, clarity and understanding to find a sense of stability and calm. With this new perspective, you can start to build resilience for facing further struggles and difficulties that life inevitably brings. If you are an ex-pat, have experienced divorce, lone parenthood or a life-changing event or experience, I have a unique understanding of these issues.
01903 952251 View 01903 952251
Photo of Kate, AnamCounselling, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Kate, AnamCounselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Worthing BN11
Hello, I wonder what help you need in your life right now? I work with you, at your pace, to look at what might be causing the crossroads, pain or confusion you are experiencing that is impacting your life and relationships. You have taken that first step and another is possible. Finding a counsellor you feel you can work with is so important therefore I offer a 15 minute phone consultation which allows us to see how we might work together. I am a qualified person-centred and integrative counsellor - this means you and your experience is at the centre of our work.
Hello, I wonder what help you need in your life right now? I work with you, at your pace, to look at what might be causing the crossroads, pain or confusion you are experiencing that is impacting your life and relationships. You have taken that first step and another is possible. Finding a counsellor you feel you can work with is so important therefore I offer a 15 minute phone consultation which allows us to see how we might work together. I am a qualified person-centred and integrative counsellor - this means you and your experience is at the centre of our work.
01903 497574 View 01903 497574
Photo of Michael Chamberlain, Counsellor in Worthing, England
Michael Chamberlain
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Worthing BN14  (Online Only)
My name is Michael Chamberlain, and I am a fully qualified humanistic and person-centred therapist, and systemic practitioner. I am a registered member of the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy) and work within their Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions. I am also a certified Advanced Accredited Gender, Sex and Relationship Diversity Therapist with Pink Therapy. I specialise in offering a confidential, emotionally and imaginatively creative space in which clients can explore their experiences and their relationships with the difficulties in their lives.
My name is Michael Chamberlain, and I am a fully qualified humanistic and person-centred therapist, and systemic practitioner. I am a registered member of the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy) and work within their Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions. I am also a certified Advanced Accredited Gender, Sex and Relationship Diversity Therapist with Pink Therapy. I specialise in offering a confidential, emotionally and imaginatively creative space in which clients can explore their experiences and their relationships with the difficulties in their lives.
01903 497395 View 01903 497395

See more therapy options for Worthing

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Worthing

90+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Worthing who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
88% Self Esteem
83% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Bereavement

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aviva
59% AXA PPP
41% Bupa

How Counsellors in Worthing see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Worthing?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.