Counselling in Manchester

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Photo of Jo Chadwick, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Jo Chadwick
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M24
Hi, I'm Jo, welcome to my profile. Are you feeling low, stuck, lost or anxious? I can help. I offer a safe space to help you try to understand your feelings and bring about positive change. Counselling can provide perspective, validation, clarity and a better awareness of self. I commonly deal with low mood, anxiety, loss, family/relationship problems, abuse, low self esteem, midlife/menopausal stresses.
Hi, I'm Jo, welcome to my profile. Are you feeling low, stuck, lost or anxious? I can help. I offer a safe space to help you try to understand your feelings and bring about positive change. Counselling can provide perspective, validation, clarity and a better awareness of self. I commonly deal with low mood, anxiety, loss, family/relationship problems, abuse, low self esteem, midlife/menopausal stresses.
0161 543 0614 View 0161 543 0614
Photo of Scott Lee @ The Retreat Clinics Manchester in Manchester, England
Scott Lee @ The Retreat Clinics Manchester
MSc
Verified Verified
Manchester M20
I offer my services to a variety of clients. I have experience working in the NHS as a mental health practitioner & social worker. I am able to support individuals, couples, young people, and families with mental health concerns working collaboratively to try improve the current situation, and make meaningful lasting change. I am able to offer face to face sessions at the Retreat Clinic Manchester, call on the number above and ask for myself, and if I'm not available, they can offer alternative therapies or therapists. Get in touch!
I offer my services to a variety of clients. I have experience working in the NHS as a mental health practitioner & social worker. I am able to support individuals, couples, young people, and families with mental health concerns working collaboratively to try improve the current situation, and make meaningful lasting change. I am able to offer face to face sessions at the Retreat Clinic Manchester, call on the number above and ask for myself, and if I'm not available, they can offer alternative therapies or therapists. Get in touch!
0161 524 6588 View 0161 524 6588
Photo of Space Therapies, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Space Therapies
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M25
“My therapy is designed to give you the tools and guidance to change the way you think, and help you see things more clearly, so you can be in control of your own progress. I always work at your pace, and my goal is for you to feel as comfortable as possible when opening up. We’re in this together!”
“My therapy is designed to give you the tools and guidance to change the way you think, and help you see things more clearly, so you can be in control of your own progress. I always work at your pace, and my goal is for you to feel as comfortable as possible when opening up. We’re in this together!”
0161 524 3080 View 0161 524 3080
Photo of Sue Antrobus, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Sue Antrobus
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M2
Hello! I specialise in working with women who have depression, anxiety, stress, anger issues, addictions, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, or who wish to explore and deal with trauma or abuse from their past and the impact it is having on their lives today. I have expertise in and I am certified in the clinical treatment of clients who present with complex psychological trauma. I believe the key to healing is in supporting you to transform how your mind, body and soul remembers what has happened to you. This involves bringing to consciousness your patterns and supporting you to heal, change and grow.
Hello! I specialise in working with women who have depression, anxiety, stress, anger issues, addictions, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, or who wish to explore and deal with trauma or abuse from their past and the impact it is having on their lives today. I have expertise in and I am certified in the clinical treatment of clients who present with complex psychological trauma. I believe the key to healing is in supporting you to transform how your mind, body and soul remembers what has happened to you. This involves bringing to consciousness your patterns and supporting you to heal, change and grow.
0161 850 3558 View 0161 850 3558
Photo of Daisy Samantha Dixon, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Daisy Samantha Dixon
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M38
I have over 19 years experience working with people - My clients come to me, when they feel overwhelmed, exhausted and in need of support - they can't manage their thoughts, relationships, behaviours alone any longer and they need someone to talk to in a confidential, non-judgmental way. Together we explore, unpick, understand and make changes, so that life can become more manageable, enjoyable and less exhausting. For me, each of my clients are individuals, and its about getting the right balance - seeing what works and what doesn't work for them, promoting change together.
I have over 19 years experience working with people - My clients come to me, when they feel overwhelmed, exhausted and in need of support - they can't manage their thoughts, relationships, behaviours alone any longer and they need someone to talk to in a confidential, non-judgmental way. Together we explore, unpick, understand and make changes, so that life can become more manageable, enjoyable and less exhausting. For me, each of my clients are individuals, and its about getting the right balance - seeing what works and what doesn't work for them, promoting change together.
01942 925346 View 01942 925346
Photo of Nina Hayes, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Nina Hayes
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Manchester M27  (Online Only)
My name is Nina Hayes and I am a qualified and accredited CBT and EMDR therapist. I have over 12 years of experience in the field of Mental Health, working within the NHS and MH charities. I specialise in helping clients to understand and work through issues such as stress, depression, trauma, anxiety and low self esteem. I aim to help you to navigate through your problems and offer solution focused support, in a safe and supportive environment. Alongside offering therapy, I also offer supervision to other therapists.
My name is Nina Hayes and I am a qualified and accredited CBT and EMDR therapist. I have over 12 years of experience in the field of Mental Health, working within the NHS and MH charities. I specialise in helping clients to understand and work through issues such as stress, depression, trauma, anxiety and low self esteem. I aim to help you to navigate through your problems and offer solution focused support, in a safe and supportive environment. Alongside offering therapy, I also offer supervision to other therapists.
0161 524 5801 View 0161 524 5801
Photo of Sarah Tomlinson, Psychologist in Manchester, England
Sarah Tomlinson
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Manchester M21
I am an experienced senior clinical psychologist who specialises in autism (diagnosis and post-diagnostic support), learning disabilities and trauma. I have 16 years post-doctoral experience and have worked for the NHS for this period. I am HCPC registered, and am accredited by the National Autistic Society. My therapeutic models include EMDR, DBT and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. I work privately on Mondays.
I am an experienced senior clinical psychologist who specialises in autism (diagnosis and post-diagnostic support), learning disabilities and trauma. I have 16 years post-doctoral experience and have worked for the NHS for this period. I am HCPC registered, and am accredited by the National Autistic Society. My therapeutic models include EMDR, DBT and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. I work privately on Mondays.
0161 524 0238 View 0161 524 0238
Photo of Gisela Ramirez, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Gisela Ramirez
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M25
Are you struggling with fear, intrusive distressing thoughts, avoidance and generally not living the life that you want? Or are you low, hopeless, self critical and isolating yourself? I can help with these and other mental health difficulties through challenging your thoughts and making some changes to your current behaviours. CBT can also help with improving self-esteem and with overcoming phobias and past trauma. EMDR therapy is a powerful intervention for PTSD and trauma, new studies have also shown its effectiveness with anxiety disorders &grief
Are you struggling with fear, intrusive distressing thoughts, avoidance and generally not living the life that you want? Or are you low, hopeless, self critical and isolating yourself? I can help with these and other mental health difficulties through challenging your thoughts and making some changes to your current behaviours. CBT can also help with improving self-esteem and with overcoming phobias and past trauma. EMDR therapy is a powerful intervention for PTSD and trauma, new studies have also shown its effectiveness with anxiety disorders &grief
0161 850 5871 View 0161 850 5871
Photo of Fiona Mackenzie, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Fiona Mackenzie
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M3
I am an experienced Integrative Psychotherapist, Counsellor and Developmental Coach working with adults and young adults on a wide range of issues . I offer face-to-face and online/video call consultations in Manchester City Centre, Liverpool City Centre and Chester. For all of us there are times in our lives when we feel confused, distressed or unable to cope. Talking therapies and coaching offers the opportunity to achieve a greater understanding of ourselves, to discover what holds us back and potentially enabling us to change old patterns and find new ways of approaching and overcoming difficulties.
I am an experienced Integrative Psychotherapist, Counsellor and Developmental Coach working with adults and young adults on a wide range of issues . I offer face-to-face and online/video call consultations in Manchester City Centre, Liverpool City Centre and Chester. For all of us there are times in our lives when we feel confused, distressed or unable to cope. Talking therapies and coaching offers the opportunity to achieve a greater understanding of ourselves, to discover what holds us back and potentially enabling us to change old patterns and find new ways of approaching and overcoming difficulties.
0161 519 7326 View 0161 519 7326
Photo of Roger Jayamanne, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Roger Jayamanne
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M2
Suffering with our mental health is very hard to find relief from, finding ourselves going around in circles and losing touch with our previous lifestyle, wondering 'am I ever going to find a way out?' I offer you face-to-face sessions in a nurturing, non-judgemental environment . I work as an Integrative therapist so that your sessions are tailored to your needs. I predominantly draw upon Person Centred Therapy, ACT, CBT and Transactional Analysis to address issues such as: anxiety; trauma; depression/lack of motivation; disturbed sleep; performance/productivity, relationships/social interaction; existential angst/lack of meaning
Suffering with our mental health is very hard to find relief from, finding ourselves going around in circles and losing touch with our previous lifestyle, wondering 'am I ever going to find a way out?' I offer you face-to-face sessions in a nurturing, non-judgemental environment . I work as an Integrative therapist so that your sessions are tailored to your needs. I predominantly draw upon Person Centred Therapy, ACT, CBT and Transactional Analysis to address issues such as: anxiety; trauma; depression/lack of motivation; disturbed sleep; performance/productivity, relationships/social interaction; existential angst/lack of meaning
0161 524 4147 View 0161 524 4147
Photo of Dave Chambers, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Dave Chambers
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M1  (Online Only)
I am a qualified person-centred counsellor and psychotherapist based in Manchester, offering online counselling to individuals and couples in the UK. My approach is warm and friendly and I work with care and compassion. I offer a safe space, free from judgement, where you can be yourself and explore any issues that may be causing confusion, discomfort or distress. You will decide what we talk about and we will always work at a pace that is comfortable for you. It is important that you feel at ease working with me, so I offer a free first session (50 minutes), so you can see how I work and decide whether you wish to continue.
I am a qualified person-centred counsellor and psychotherapist based in Manchester, offering online counselling to individuals and couples in the UK. My approach is warm and friendly and I work with care and compassion. I offer a safe space, free from judgement, where you can be yourself and explore any issues that may be causing confusion, discomfort or distress. You will decide what we talk about and we will always work at a pace that is comfortable for you. It is important that you feel at ease working with me, so I offer a free first session (50 minutes), so you can see how I work and decide whether you wish to continue.
01707 244854 View 01707 244854
Photo of Kieran Nolan, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Kieran Nolan
Psychotherapist, PhD, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Manchester M21
I have been working full-time as a psychotherapist since 2002 and have over 16,000 clinical hours of experience. Trained in a number of different types of therapy, I offer a huge depth of experience, formerly as a Senior Psychotherapist with a community mental health team (CMHT) within the NHS and now as a psychotherapist in private practice. Additionally, as I have an unusual dual training in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy and Humanistic & Integrative Psychotherapy, I am uniquely placed to offer a flexible and powerful approach to psychotherapy.
I have been working full-time as a psychotherapist since 2002 and have over 16,000 clinical hours of experience. Trained in a number of different types of therapy, I offer a huge depth of experience, formerly as a Senior Psychotherapist with a community mental health team (CMHT) within the NHS and now as a psychotherapist in private practice. Additionally, as I have an unusual dual training in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy and Humanistic & Integrative Psychotherapy, I am uniquely placed to offer a flexible and powerful approach to psychotherapy.
0161 524 7962 View 0161 524 7962
Photo of Sara Wells, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Sara Wells
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M21
I am a qualified psychotherapeutic counsellor. I offer a warm, open-minded and non-judgemental space for adults to share and explore their issues in confidence. My approach is tailored to the specific needs and circumstances of each person.
I am a qualified psychotherapeutic counsellor. I offer a warm, open-minded and non-judgemental space for adults to share and explore their issues in confidence. My approach is tailored to the specific needs and circumstances of each person.
0161 524 2911 View 0161 524 2911
Photo of Sarah Alsawy-Davies, Psychologist in Manchester, England
Sarah Alsawy-Davies
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Manchester M45
Waitlist for new clients
I'm glad you've taken the first step by coming here to improve your life. I specialise working with people who have experienced traumatic relationships, traumatic attachments, issues of abuse and neglect in a relationship - no matter how big or small this may feel. It may be you were in a relationship where you felt like you were not good enough, other people were gas-lighting you, or you were invalidated or misunderstood. I help people feel confident, develop boundaries, be more assertive, improve their self-esteem after feeling panicked, anxious, or walking on eggshells.
I'm glad you've taken the first step by coming here to improve your life. I specialise working with people who have experienced traumatic relationships, traumatic attachments, issues of abuse and neglect in a relationship - no matter how big or small this may feel. It may be you were in a relationship where you felt like you were not good enough, other people were gas-lighting you, or you were invalidated or misunderstood. I help people feel confident, develop boundaries, be more assertive, improve their self-esteem after feeling panicked, anxious, or walking on eggshells.
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Photo of Andrea Sarah Lawton, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Andrea Sarah Lawton
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Manchester M20
People access therapy for many different reasons, but generally we are most likely to reach out for help when our usual coping strategies are no longer effective. At these times it is not always helpful or possible to turn to family or friends, and their well-meaning support may not always help. I will provide a calm and confidential space where you will be able to safely share what is troubling you.
People access therapy for many different reasons, but generally we are most likely to reach out for help when our usual coping strategies are no longer effective. At these times it is not always helpful or possible to turn to family or friends, and their well-meaning support may not always help. I will provide a calm and confidential space where you will be able to safely share what is troubling you.
0161 524 1915 View 0161 524 1915
Photo of Simon Alan Walford, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Simon Alan Walford
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M28
I have over 20 years’ experience of working with people. I am a qualified Counsellor and registered member of the BACP. I passionately believe in the benefits of talking therapy and have an intrinsic, empathic approach to my clients, helping them talk through their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. I work with people dealing with the emotional effects of anxiety, stress (including work- place stress) and depression, focusing on the here and now, helping them find balance and peace. I offer a confidential, safe space where my clients openly explore their issues in a supportive and caring environment, working at their own pace
I have over 20 years’ experience of working with people. I am a qualified Counsellor and registered member of the BACP. I passionately believe in the benefits of talking therapy and have an intrinsic, empathic approach to my clients, helping them talk through their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. I work with people dealing with the emotional effects of anxiety, stress (including work- place stress) and depression, focusing on the here and now, helping them find balance and peace. I offer a confidential, safe space where my clients openly explore their issues in a supportive and caring environment, working at their own pace
01942 559816 View 01942 559816
Photo of Charlie Macfie, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Charlie Macfie
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester M19  (Online Only)
I have a keen interest in working with issues relating to self-esteem and shame. Overthinking, constantly comparing yourself to others, people-pleasing, and holding high expectations for yourself that are impossible to achieve (perfectionism), to name a few, can all be symptoms of low self-esteem. These beliefs and behaviours can cause difficulties in your relationship with others and most importantly, yourself. It can feel impossible to break the cycle or know how to move forward. I can support you to make sense of your experiences so that you might develop self-worth and find a way through that works for you.
I have a keen interest in working with issues relating to self-esteem and shame. Overthinking, constantly comparing yourself to others, people-pleasing, and holding high expectations for yourself that are impossible to achieve (perfectionism), to name a few, can all be symptoms of low self-esteem. These beliefs and behaviours can cause difficulties in your relationship with others and most importantly, yourself. It can feel impossible to break the cycle or know how to move forward. I can support you to make sense of your experiences so that you might develop self-worth and find a way through that works for you.
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Photo of Benjamin Nicholas Bamber, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Benjamin Nicholas Bamber
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M14
If you are experiencing a recent bereavement, mental health crisis, behaviour change, addiction, relationship issue or uncertainty surrounding your identity I can help you gain a greater perspective through exploration and deep reflection into your self. It is expected of me to demonstrate empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard so that you feel safe to share those difficult thoughts, feelings and actions you are experiencing. I am currently only delivering sessions online via video or telephone, however I am happy to do walk and talk therapeutic sessions, outdoors in the South Manchester Area.
If you are experiencing a recent bereavement, mental health crisis, behaviour change, addiction, relationship issue or uncertainty surrounding your identity I can help you gain a greater perspective through exploration and deep reflection into your self. It is expected of me to demonstrate empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard so that you feel safe to share those difficult thoughts, feelings and actions you are experiencing. I am currently only delivering sessions online via video or telephone, however I am happy to do walk and talk therapeutic sessions, outdoors in the South Manchester Area.
0161 706 2184 View 0161 706 2184
Photo of Sue Morris, Counsellor in Manchester, England
Sue Morris
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M21
Do you find that you are constantly worrying or overthinking and unable to 'switch off'? Do you worry excessively about your health? Do you dwell on past events or obsess about the future? Do you want to switch off your inner critic and live a more present fulfilled life? If you answered yes to any of the these questions then talking to someone may help you to make a positive change. Contact me for a free 30 minute Initial Assessment session to find out how I can help you begin your therapy process. I am based in Chorlton & West Didsbury
Do you find that you are constantly worrying or overthinking and unable to 'switch off'? Do you worry excessively about your health? Do you dwell on past events or obsess about the future? Do you want to switch off your inner critic and live a more present fulfilled life? If you answered yes to any of the these questions then talking to someone may help you to make a positive change. Contact me for a free 30 minute Initial Assessment session to find out how I can help you begin your therapy process. I am based in Chorlton & West Didsbury
0161 850 8707 View 0161 850 8707
Photo of Anna Faff, Psychotherapist in Manchester, England
Anna Faff
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Manchester M24
I am a psychotherapist on the spectrum with ADHD. I have been late diagnosed so I can relate to NT and ND. I understand how life-changing could be for anyone to be diagnosed with Autism. I am helping people who are experiencing detachment, unexplained pain, and lack of stability. Along with high levels of emotional distress, mood difficulties, shame, guilt, difficulties with self-esteem and difficulties in life in general. I offer a non-judgemental, welcoming space where you can find your own solutions and paths that would lead you to growth and building resilience.
I am a psychotherapist on the spectrum with ADHD. I have been late diagnosed so I can relate to NT and ND. I understand how life-changing could be for anyone to be diagnosed with Autism. I am helping people who are experiencing detachment, unexplained pain, and lack of stability. Along with high levels of emotional distress, mood difficulties, shame, guilt, difficulties with self-esteem and difficulties in life in general. I offer a non-judgemental, welcoming space where you can find your own solutions and paths that would lead you to growth and building resilience.
0161 524 0507 View 0161 524 0507

See more therapy options for Manchester

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Manchester

800+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Manchester who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
85% Self Esteem
81% Stress
78% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Aviva
58% AXA PPP
46% Vitality

How Counsellors in Manchester see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
27% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Manchester?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.