Counselling in LL22

Photo of Angharad Thomas, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Angharad Thomas
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Abergele LL22
Hi, I’m Angharad, an experienced UKCP accredited psychotherapist and BACP senior accredited counsellor. If you’re struggling right now and would like someone to talk to then do get in touch or visit my website to learn more about how I can help. Life can be hard going and, at times, most of us experience some form of distress or difficulty. Perhaps you're feeling anxious, depressed or confused about relationships or work. You may be facing painful experiences through illness, bereavement, or family breakdown. Or it might be that your're feeling stuck or have lost direction or a sense of who you are.
Hi, I’m Angharad, an experienced UKCP accredited psychotherapist and BACP senior accredited counsellor. If you’re struggling right now and would like someone to talk to then do get in touch or visit my website to learn more about how I can help. Life can be hard going and, at times, most of us experience some form of distress or difficulty. Perhaps you're feeling anxious, depressed or confused about relationships or work. You may be facing painful experiences through illness, bereavement, or family breakdown. Or it might be that your're feeling stuck or have lost direction or a sense of who you are.
07765 300800 View 07765 300800
Photo of Amy Thomas-Owen, Counsellor, MBACP
Amy Thomas-Owen
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
Overthinking and self-doubt are exhausting. You're tired of replaying conversations, second-guessing decisions and worrying about what others think. You know you put too much pressure on yourself, but it’s hard to stop. At work, you hesitate to speak up, worrying you’ll say the wrong thing. You struggle to set healthy boundaries without feeling guilty. You compare yourself to others and wonder why confidence comes so easily to them. Even when you’ve done all the ‘right’ things- you've probably read the books, listened to the podcasts, maybe even tried therapy - you still feel stuck, unsure and like you’re not quite good enough.
Overthinking and self-doubt are exhausting. You're tired of replaying conversations, second-guessing decisions and worrying about what others think. You know you put too much pressure on yourself, but it’s hard to stop. At work, you hesitate to speak up, worrying you’ll say the wrong thing. You struggle to set healthy boundaries without feeling guilty. You compare yourself to others and wonder why confidence comes so easily to them. Even when you’ve done all the ‘right’ things- you've probably read the books, listened to the podcasts, maybe even tried therapy - you still feel stuck, unsure and like you’re not quite good enough.
View
Photo of Victoria Martin - Looking-Glass Counselling, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Looking-Glass Counselling
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Serves Area
If you’re struggling with difficult emotions, relationship issues, stress, anxiety, depression, or any other challenges in life, I will provide a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings, gain new insights and develop effective strategies for success. Whether you’re looking to improve your mental health, recover from trauma or loss, find direction and take control of your life, repair or strengthen your relationships, or you simply want to grow as a person, I can help. Book a free 30 minute Introduction Session now - maximum wait time 1 week (depending on your availability).
If you’re struggling with difficult emotions, relationship issues, stress, anxiety, depression, or any other challenges in life, I will provide a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings, gain new insights and develop effective strategies for success. Whether you’re looking to improve your mental health, recover from trauma or loss, find direction and take control of your life, repair or strengthen your relationships, or you simply want to grow as a person, I can help. Book a free 30 minute Introduction Session now - maximum wait time 1 week (depending on your availability).
01492 554495 View 01492 554495
Photo of Sally Anne Jones - NW Reflections, Counsellor, MBACP
NW Reflections
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
I'm the Clinical Lead at North Wales Reflections, the largest private counselling practice in North Wales. From our accessible offices in Colwyn Bay and online across the UK and globally, we offer a safe, welcoming space where people of all ages feel heard, supported, and empowered. Our experienced team is here to help you navigate life’s challenges. I also mentor therapists in building ethical, sustainable practices.
I'm the Clinical Lead at North Wales Reflections, the largest private counselling practice in North Wales. From our accessible offices in Colwyn Bay and online across the UK and globally, we offer a safe, welcoming space where people of all ages feel heard, supported, and empowered. Our experienced team is here to help you navigate life’s challenges. I also mentor therapists in building ethical, sustainable practices.
01492 555695 View 01492 555695
Photo of Sarah Blay - Rainbow Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Rainbow Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Hello and welcome to Rainbow Counselling. Rainbow Counselling was created to offer clients a safe space to explore and work on their difficulties, whilst being fully supported, and heard, without judgement.
Hello and welcome to Rainbow Counselling. Rainbow Counselling was created to offer clients a safe space to explore and work on their difficulties, whilst being fully supported, and heard, without judgement.
01745 777973 View 01745 777973
Photo of Kimberley Clarke, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Kimberley Clarke
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a BACP registered Adult and children's / young peoples Counsellor, YPVA and Supervisor. with over 10 years’ Experience working with Adults, Children and young people from the age 3 plus. Having experienced a wide range of clients particularly those dealing with trauma, Sexual abuse, Domestic abuse, low mood/depression, anxiety, Identity confusion, attachment issues, substance misuse, Relationship difficulties, low confidence and self-esteem and more. Takin the first step to have counselling can be really scary. I am here to offer you that safe space to talk, explore and work on anything you feel is causing you difficulties.
I am a BACP registered Adult and children's / young peoples Counsellor, YPVA and Supervisor. with over 10 years’ Experience working with Adults, Children and young people from the age 3 plus. Having experienced a wide range of clients particularly those dealing with trauma, Sexual abuse, Domestic abuse, low mood/depression, anxiety, Identity confusion, attachment issues, substance misuse, Relationship difficulties, low confidence and self-esteem and more. Takin the first step to have counselling can be really scary. I am here to offer you that safe space to talk, explore and work on anything you feel is causing you difficulties.
01745 770884 View 01745 770884
Photo of Deborah Jane Gibbins - Jane Gibbins, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Jane Gibbins
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you seeking support to manage a traumatic event, bereavement or loss or struggling with your personal or professional relationships? Is a situation, past or present, causing you emotional distress? Whether you’re going through a difficult time in your life, struggling with past trauma or complex grief or wanting to explore any areas in life where you feel stuck, finding the right support when you need it can make a huge difference. Please get in touch, I can help and would be happy to discuss working together.
Are you seeking support to manage a traumatic event, bereavement or loss or struggling with your personal or professional relationships? Is a situation, past or present, causing you emotional distress? Whether you’re going through a difficult time in your life, struggling with past trauma or complex grief or wanting to explore any areas in life where you feel stuck, finding the right support when you need it can make a huge difference. Please get in touch, I can help and would be happy to discuss working together.
01745 770903 View 01745 770903

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sophie Peacock, Counsellor, MBACP
Sophie Peacock
Counsellor, MBACP
Llandudno LL30
Are you having a difficult time with relationships in your life? Do you find yourself ruminating and worrying. Or lacking in confidence in certain areas? Is anxiety, depression, and past experiences keeping you stuck? Having had experience in working with clients with a variety of issues, I aim to help you develop a deeper understanding of your anxiety, overwhelm and stress and collaborate with you to look at ways to overcome and reduce the impact. And along the way, look at your own inner resources and what may be holding you back.
Are you having a difficult time with relationships in your life? Do you find yourself ruminating and worrying. Or lacking in confidence in certain areas? Is anxiety, depression, and past experiences keeping you stuck? Having had experience in working with clients with a variety of issues, I aim to help you develop a deeper understanding of your anxiety, overwhelm and stress and collaborate with you to look at ways to overcome and reduce the impact. And along the way, look at your own inner resources and what may be holding you back.
01492 556040 View 01492 556040
Photo of David Brown, Counsellor, MBACP
David Brown
Counsellor, MBACP
Llandudno LL30
I use an integrative style of counselling built on a person-centered foundation. An integrative approach allows your sessions to be tailored and adapted to you through an eclectic range of therapeutic approaches, models, and tools. While the person-centered foundation provides you with a non judgmental, empathetic, and attuned relationship that allows for a genuine connection to emerge and flourish.
I use an integrative style of counselling built on a person-centered foundation. An integrative approach allows your sessions to be tailored and adapted to you through an eclectic range of therapeutic approaches, models, and tools. While the person-centered foundation provides you with a non judgmental, empathetic, and attuned relationship that allows for a genuine connection to emerge and flourish.
01492 555029 View 01492 555029
Photo of Christine Martin, Counsellor, MBACP
Christine Martin
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Perhaps you are feeling stuck in some aspect of your life or aren’t sure of the way ahead in your life. Transitions and dilemmas can occur at any point during a person’s life. These might include marriage or becoming a couple: changes in a private or professional role: uncertainty in identity: relationship difficulties: loss; pregnancy: child birth; and the challenges presented during the ageing process. Sometimes we need to make sense of what has happened to us and sort out our emotions. I have worked with a range of difficulties which can occur at any point during a person’s life. I am familiar and happy to work with difference.
Perhaps you are feeling stuck in some aspect of your life or aren’t sure of the way ahead in your life. Transitions and dilemmas can occur at any point during a person’s life. These might include marriage or becoming a couple: changes in a private or professional role: uncertainty in identity: relationship difficulties: loss; pregnancy: child birth; and the challenges presented during the ageing process. Sometimes we need to make sense of what has happened to us and sort out our emotions. I have worked with a range of difficulties which can occur at any point during a person’s life. I am familiar and happy to work with difference.
07512 899833 View 07512 899833
Photo of Sonia Westwood, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Sonia Westwood
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Serves Area
I believe that developing a trusting relationship is fundamental to any therapeutic journey. I offer a safe, collaborative and compassionate environment, to support clients in achieving meaningful change in their lives. My aim in therapy is to support individuals to become healthier in their mental wellbeing and develop resilience for their own, long term mental health self-management.
I believe that developing a trusting relationship is fundamental to any therapeutic journey. I offer a safe, collaborative and compassionate environment, to support clients in achieving meaningful change in their lives. My aim in therapy is to support individuals to become healthier in their mental wellbeing and develop resilience for their own, long term mental health self-management.
0151 453 0594 View 0151 453 0594
Photo of Nancy Clarisa Downing, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Nancy Clarisa Downing
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
1 Endorsed
Pentraeth LL75
I have experience of working with a variety of different client groups, including children, young people and adults. Through art therapy, I have supported clients with additional learning needs, autistic Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, complex communication needs, attachment disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, anger management, bereavement, self-harm, eating disorders, substance misuse including alcoholism, transgender issues and more........ You do not have to be good at art to come to art therapy, there is no right or wrong way to create or to use the art materials.
I have experience of working with a variety of different client groups, including children, young people and adults. Through art therapy, I have supported clients with additional learning needs, autistic Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, complex communication needs, attachment disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, anger management, bereavement, self-harm, eating disorders, substance misuse including alcoholism, transgender issues and more........ You do not have to be good at art to come to art therapy, there is no right or wrong way to create or to use the art materials.
01248 661469 View 01248 661469
Photo of Manuela Surgeon - MTS Psychological Health/ MTS Psychotherapy Ltd, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
My clients come to me from all walks of life and have experienced trauma recently or in the past. This has resulted in my clients suffering from intense anxiety and fears and/or severe depression as well as relationship difficulties. My clients can feel stuck, vulnerable and helpless, which has such a disabling impact on their lives. I have the ability to initiate and maintain a confidential therapeutic relationship, where my clients feel safe, experience hope and a reduction of their psychological symptoms. My clients leave therapy feeling empowered and able to manage life's stresses. I have clinics in Heswall and Mold.
My clients come to me from all walks of life and have experienced trauma recently or in the past. This has resulted in my clients suffering from intense anxiety and fears and/or severe depression as well as relationship difficulties. My clients can feel stuck, vulnerable and helpless, which has such a disabling impact on their lives. I have the ability to initiate and maintain a confidential therapeutic relationship, where my clients feel safe, experience hope and a reduction of their psychological symptoms. My clients leave therapy feeling empowered and able to manage life's stresses. I have clinics in Heswall and Mold.
01352 870234 View 01352 870234
Photo of Emma Sunerton-Burl - Blue Heron Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Blue Heron Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You may feel you are not getting the most out of your life and are unsure why this is. You may feel stuck, perhaps you feel it's hard to feel good about yourself. Relationships may not be as fulfilling as you would like. You may relish the opportunity to make a real commitment to your personal growth and practically you may need the convenience of working online or via the telephone (F2F not available). Often my way of working appeals to those who are interested in the arts and/or the spiritual realm and those who appreciate deeper ways of working, in safe and supportive relationship.
You may feel you are not getting the most out of your life and are unsure why this is. You may feel stuck, perhaps you feel it's hard to feel good about yourself. Relationships may not be as fulfilling as you would like. You may relish the opportunity to make a real commitment to your personal growth and practically you may need the convenience of working online or via the telephone (F2F not available). Often my way of working appeals to those who are interested in the arts and/or the spiritual realm and those who appreciate deeper ways of working, in safe and supportive relationship.
01492 555027 View 01492 555027
Photo of Dr Victoria Galbraith, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Victoria Galbraith
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I know that you may be entering unchartered territory by taking the first step of entering into therapy and many individuals can feel quite anxious when faced with this situation. My aim is therefore to make sure that the first session with me is as warm and welcoming as possible for you so that you can gain a good understanding of what it might be like to work with me. I aim to provide a safe, professional, respectful and confidential service to adults and young people. I am accredited by the British Psychological Society (BPS) and registered with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC).
I know that you may be entering unchartered territory by taking the first step of entering into therapy and many individuals can feel quite anxious when faced with this situation. My aim is therefore to make sure that the first session with me is as warm and welcoming as possible for you so that you can gain a good understanding of what it might be like to work with me. I aim to provide a safe, professional, respectful and confidential service to adults and young people. I am accredited by the British Psychological Society (BPS) and registered with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC).
View
Photo of Jacqui Roberts, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Jacqui Roberts
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Denbigh LL16
All enquires through my website please. Most people experience anxiety or depression at some point in their lives and need to cope with pain and confusion. You may feel stuck and unmotivated or need to work through a traumatic experience from your past so you can move on with your life. You might also experience work related stress or be dealing with relationship difficulties. Self-development may also be the reason for seeking therapy. Therapy provides an opportunity to explore and make sense of your difficulties in a safe, non-judgmental environment, to develop your self-understanding and improve your relationships.
All enquires through my website please. Most people experience anxiety or depression at some point in their lives and need to cope with pain and confusion. You may feel stuck and unmotivated or need to work through a traumatic experience from your past so you can move on with your life. You might also experience work related stress or be dealing with relationship difficulties. Self-development may also be the reason for seeking therapy. Therapy provides an opportunity to explore and make sense of your difficulties in a safe, non-judgmental environment, to develop your self-understanding and improve your relationships.
01745 775765 View 01745 775765
Photo of Matthew Adam, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Matthew Adam
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Matthew and I am an Individual, Family & Couples Psychotherapist, specialising in anxiety management, low mood and neurodiversity. I have worked with individuals, couples and families for over 25 years, helping them manage their emotional health and wellbeing. I have helped children, young people and their parents and couples work through a range of difficulties including anxiety, low mood/depression, managing challenging behaviour, Autism, anger management, frequent family clashes, the effects of couple tension, bereavement, and conflict in relationships.
Hi, I'm Matthew and I am an Individual, Family & Couples Psychotherapist, specialising in anxiety management, low mood and neurodiversity. I have worked with individuals, couples and families for over 25 years, helping them manage their emotional health and wellbeing. I have helped children, young people and their parents and couples work through a range of difficulties including anxiety, low mood/depression, managing challenging behaviour, Autism, anger management, frequent family clashes, the effects of couple tension, bereavement, and conflict in relationships.
01829 708157 View 01829 708157
Photo of Jane Armstrong, Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Jane Armstrong
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Are you a parent, step parent, foster parent or teacher who needs someone to talk to? Do you need a Clinical Supervisor? I have 35+ years experience of supporting children and families, with excellent, proven knowledge of therapeutic parenting, including attachment, developmental trauma, behavioural issues, including PDA and other avoidant behaviours. Has being a parent thrown up issues and worries you didn't see coming? Perhaps your child or teen is really struggling. Has your workload become overwhelming? do you need some practical support? Together we can find a way through the difficulties you're encountering.
Are you a parent, step parent, foster parent or teacher who needs someone to talk to? Do you need a Clinical Supervisor? I have 35+ years experience of supporting children and families, with excellent, proven knowledge of therapeutic parenting, including attachment, developmental trauma, behavioural issues, including PDA and other avoidant behaviours. Has being a parent thrown up issues and worries you didn't see coming? Perhaps your child or teen is really struggling. Has your workload become overwhelming? do you need some practical support? Together we can find a way through the difficulties you're encountering.
07723 473408 View 07723 473408
Photo of Keith Roe - Self Actualise Talking Therapy Service, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Self Actualise Talking Therapy Service
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Is this you? Is your mind clouded all the time, have you got 200 things running through your head, do you struggle to concentrate, find it hard to make decisions?   Do you doubt yourself lots, low-confidence, negative thoughts, think more of others than yourself?   Are you living in the past, grieving loved ones, not dealing with your problems, involved in toxic relationships?   Is it time to stop and think about your mental health and wellbeing?
Is this you? Is your mind clouded all the time, have you got 200 things running through your head, do you struggle to concentrate, find it hard to make decisions?   Do you doubt yourself lots, low-confidence, negative thoughts, think more of others than yourself?   Are you living in the past, grieving loved ones, not dealing with your problems, involved in toxic relationships?   Is it time to stop and think about your mental health and wellbeing?
01928 249666 View 01928 249666
Photo of Laura Holdsworth, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Laura Holdsworth
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Bangor LL57
Therapy for Adults – Compassionate, evidence-based psychological support tailored to your needs. When things are difficult, you might feel like you’re carrying more than you can hold. Therapy offers a space to lay that weight down for a while, & gently start to understand where it came from & what healing could look like for you. I’m a HCPC-registered Clinical Psychologist working with adults who are navigating a wide range of emotional & psychological challenges. I offer warm, non-judgemental support both online & in person, & have over 9 years of experience in NHS mental health services.
Therapy for Adults – Compassionate, evidence-based psychological support tailored to your needs. When things are difficult, you might feel like you’re carrying more than you can hold. Therapy offers a space to lay that weight down for a while, & gently start to understand where it came from & what healing could look like for you. I’m a HCPC-registered Clinical Psychologist working with adults who are navigating a wide range of emotional & psychological challenges. I offer warm, non-judgemental support both online & in person, & have over 9 years of experience in NHS mental health services.
01248 663157 View 01248 663157

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in LL22

< 10

Counsellors in LL22 who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Self Esteem
100% Stress
86% Depression
86% Suicidal Ideation

Average years in practice

13 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in LL22 see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in LL22?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.